There is an increase in the popularity of craft beer, which is produced by small, independent, an... more There is an increase in the popularity of craft beer, which is produced by small, independent, and traditional breweries. Since craft beer popularity is rising in Portugal this research focused on assessing physicochemical parameters, total phenolic content (TPC) and the antioxidant capacity of Portuguese craft beers and raw materials used in beer production. In this experimental study, 19 beer samples were analyzed. Parameters such as pH, Total Acidity, Reducing Sugar Content and TPC were evaluated. For the determination of antioxidant activity, DPPH scavenging activity and metal chelating activity (MCA) were analyzed in all samples. Craft beers demonstrated a high phenolic content (ranging from 343.78 mg GAE/L to 2172.49 mg GAE/L), significantly different from industrial beers. Craft beers demonstrated a higher inhibition of DPPH radicals and higher MCA than the raw materials. DPPH inhibition ranged from 36.5% to 96.0% for malt and 64.7% to 79.6% in hops samples. MCA also varied b...
Este artigo é de acesso livre, distribuído sob licença Creative Commons com a designação CC-BY-NC... more Este artigo é de acesso livre, distribuído sob licença Creative Commons com a designação CC-BY-NC-SA 4.0, que permite a utilização e a partilha para fins não comerciais, desde que citado o autor e a fonte original do artigo.
Durante a campanha de escavação que decorreu no Castro de São Lourenço, em 2008, foram recolhidas... more Durante a campanha de escavação que decorreu no Castro de São Lourenço, em 2008, foram recolhidasamostras sedimentares em três quadrículas do Sector D, junto à muralha, em níveis romanos do século IV.Um estudo carpológico permitiu identificar três cultivos: o trigo de grão nu (Triticum aestivum/durum), omilho-miúdo (Panicum miliaceum) e, provavelmente, o milho painço (Setaria cf. italica). O milho-miúdoé a espécie mais abundante e a única que surge em todas as amostras.O milho e o trigo de grão nu apresentam diferentes características, o que potenciaria a optimização dediferentes áreas do território do povoado. Os três cultivos eram frequentes no noroeste peninsular durantea época romana.
Este artigo é de acesso livre, distribuído sob licença Creative Commons com a designação CC-BY-NC... more Este artigo é de acesso livre, distribuído sob licença Creative Commons com a designação CC-BY-NC-SA 4.0, que permite a utilização e a partilha para fins não comerciais, desde que citado o autor e a fonte original do artigo. rce.casadasciencias.org Pelos Urticantes in imagem.casadasciencias.org A natureza, que, sem interrupção, procede como um construtor, é, nesse sentido,
Altitude, temperature and precipitation are important environmental variables for the distributio... more Altitude, temperature and precipitation are important environmental variables for the distribution of endemic plants. Taking in account their present distribution, this work studies the distribution trends of 116 endemic and subendemic species that occur on the western Iberian Peninsula and northwestern Morocco, in different scenarios of future climate change. It was possible to identify five groups of taxa in the present environmental conditions, four of which for the northern part of the Iberian Peninsula. This range can partially be explained by the altitudinal variability of such area. The other group distributes along the western of the Iberian Peninsula. Concerning future climate change scenarios, important changes in species distribution, and a general south-north trend were obtained. Under harsher climatic changes, only the groups that tolerate the most variable environmental conditions persist. Estimates of extinction rates of the studied taxa for the next 75 years are also presented. The present methodology allows the application of ecological indicators (environmental groups, in this case) to understand biogeographic trends.
Archaeobotanical material was recovered in two contiguous compartments of a compound in Monte Moz... more Archaeobotanical material was recovered in two contiguous compartments of a compound in Monte Mozinho (Penafiel, northern Portugal). These areas comprise storage facilities from three different typologiesdolium, pits and above-ground quadrangular structures in the corner of the compartments. Few carpological materials were found inside the storage structures and all these are cereals which were most likely stored as clean grain. Recovered grains are probably remnants of the last stored crops prior to abandonment of the area. A radiocarbon date obtained on grains of rye positions this event at a time within the 3rd century and the beginning of the 4th century A.D. Outside the structures from compartment 2, abundant crop processing by-products, mostly weeds and chaff, were recovered. Since traditional agricultural communities tend not to waste such organic material, it is likely that it was kept in the area to be used as fodder. Data is ambiguous regarding the possible existence of fodder crops mixed with these by-products. Overall, there is a predominance of millets (Panicum miliaceum and Setaria italica) and rye (Secale cereale), but naked wheat (Triticum aestivum) is also a relevant crop. The presence of oat (Avena) is significant but it is difficult to interpret due to its exclusive presence alongside weeds and chaff. Grape pips (Vitis vinifera) were also found, but these are rare. The Late Roman carpological material from Monte Mozinho is of great relevance on a regional level. It documents and dates the presence of rye and testifies to a multifunctional system in which plant husbandry and animal breeding were intertwined. Keywords Agriculture Á Fodder Á Monte Mozinho Á Northern Portugal Á Roman period Communicated by F. Bittmann.
The highest platforms of As Laias, a settlement located in northwest Iberia, were used for storag... more The highest platforms of As Laias, a settlement located in northwest Iberia, were used for storage during the Iron Age and until the turn of the Era. In this time-span, the whole hilltop e the croa e was a walled enclosure mostly used for storage and due to recurrent fires affecting the settlement's terraces, abundant plant remains were preserved in overlying wattle and daub storage structures. Triticum aestivum subsp. spelta was the predominant crop stored in As Laias and was often stored in spikelets. Panicum miliaceum and Vicia faba were important crops too and the presence of Quercus acorns testifies for its storage together with cereals and legumes. Evidence suggests a twofold situation occurred since, in some structures, multiple species were stored while others were possibly filled with a single crop. The evidence of massive storage, the abundance of charred plant remains and the uniqueness of the storage structures makes As Laias one of the most important Iron Age sites in the whole NW Iberia. The interpretation of the site, together with other archaeological contexts in the region is controversial and can have major consequences for the interpretative models of the social and economic features of the local Iron Age. The site itself is sufficient to testify for the productivity of Iron Age agriculture, but further considerations must include remarks regarding the social significance of a massive storage place.
Some of the earliest Western European macroremains of rye (Secale cereale) have been recently rec... more Some of the earliest Western European macroremains of rye (Secale cereale) have been recently recovered in Northwest Iberia. However, the chronological and cultural contexts of these remains have not been yet exhaustively analysed. To address this gap of research, previous and unpublished assemblages have been reviewed and analysed through an analytical set of methods: biometry, radiocarbon dates and integrating the remains of rye in the broad archaeobotanical record of the region. Results show the earliest macroremains of rye in the Iberian Peninsula date to a period between the 3rd century and the first half of the 1st century BCE. Rye was usually found in assemblages dominated by spelt and other cereals, in whose fields it was likely acting as a weed. There is no record of rye for about the two following centuries, after which it is probably reintroduced, now as a crop. It is found in several sites from the 3rd-4th centuries CE onwards, suggesting it is a staple crop as in other ...
Este artigo é de acesso livre, distribuído sob licença Creative Commons com a designação CC-BY-NC... more Este artigo é de acesso livre, distribuído sob licença Creative Commons com a designação CC-BY-NC-SA 4.0, que permite
Este artigo é de acesso livre, distribuído sob licença Creative Commons com a designação CC-BY-NC... more Este artigo é de acesso livre, distribuído sob licença Creative Commons com a designação CC-BY-NC-SA 4.0, que permite a utilização e a partilha para fins não comerciais, desde que citado o autor e a fonte original do artigo.
Este artigo é de acesso livre, distribuído sob licença Creative Commons com a designação CC-BY-NC... more Este artigo é de acesso livre, distribuído sob licença Creative Commons com a designação CC-BY-NC-SA 4.0, que permite
We examined specimens from René Louiche Desfontaines, deposited in the “Herbier de la Flore Atlan... more We examined specimens from René Louiche Desfontaines, deposited in the “Herbier de la Flore Atlantique”(P-Desf) from MNHN-P and homologue specimens from P-Lam, LINN-HS, MPU, FI-Webb, and B-W, to assess three names of western Mediterranean oaks (Quercus L.) that are distributed across across the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa. Specifically, we bring insights to the names Quercus ballota, Q. pseudococcifera., and Q. pseudosuber, after a thorough examination of the original specimens, combined with the analysis of the respective protologues. The results highlight the need for wider and detailed natural history and classic herbaria surveys to promote the discussion and better understanding of species delimitation and biogeographic awareness, especially in crucial groups, that are still involved in taxonomic andevolutionary discussion, as the trees that form the potential climacic forests of the Northern Hemisphere.
Gonzalo Sampaio (1865-1937), Professor of Botany in the University of Porto, collected and studie... more Gonzalo Sampaio (1865-1937), Professor of Botany in the University of Porto, collected and studied lichens during over two decades. The most part of his manuscripts and the material he studied are deposited in the Botanical Institute of the University of Porto and in its Herbarium (PO). In 1990, we started a project of cataloguing and arranging the lichens belonging to his collection.
Six different morphotypes for the Scilla species in western Europe have been distinguished based ... more Six different morphotypes for the Scilla species in western Europe have been distinguished based on leaf width, length of the basal bract, number of flowers per inflorescence, and length of bulbs: (1) S. peruviana; (2) S. hyacinthoides; (3) S. lilio-hyacinthus; (4) S. ramburei + S. beirana; (5) S. verna + S. paui + S. odorata + S. merinoi + S. monophyllos; and (6) S. obtusifolia + S. numidica + S. autumnalis. Two biogeographic trends have been circumscribed in terms of monthly precipitation averages (the most discriminating parameter). One trend, characterized by lower annual regimes of precipitation and distributions around the Mediterranean basin, is represented by S. peruviana, S. hyacinthoides, S. obtusifolia, and S. numidica. The second trend, associated with higher average precipitation along the extreme western coast of Europe, is represented by the S. verna group and S. lilio-hyacinthus. Scilla autumnalis exhibits an intermediate environmental behaviour. Future climate change scenarios point towards an increase in the potential habitat area of species distributed along the Mediterranean basin (S. peruviana, S. hyacinthoides, S. obtusifolia, S. numidica, and S. autumnalis) and a decrease in the potential habitat area for the western-most likely morphotypes (S. ramburei, S. verna, S. monophyllos, and S. lilio-hyacinthus).
A taxonomic reevaluation of two little-known Brimeura taxa, B. fontqueri (PAU) SPETA and B. duvig... more A taxonomic reevaluation of two little-known Brimeura taxa, B. fontqueri (PAU) SPETA and B. duvigneaudii (L. LLORENS) ROSSELL0 et al., has been made. Brimeurafontqueri, described from the Iberian peninsula, has been put into synonymy of B. amethystina (L.) SALISB., since it could not be distinguished on morphological, anatomical or cytogenetic grounds. Brimeura duvigneaudii, from the Balearic Islands, is closely related to B. amethystina and has 2n=28 chromosomes. It differs from the latter by its naked bulbs lacking dark cataphylls, and its narrower leaves and whitish corollas. Accessory chromosomes are reported for the first time in the genus. Karyological instability (with chromosome numbers ranging from 2n=28 to 42) is reported for a population of B. fastigiata (VIV.) CHOUARD. A key to the recognized taxa of Brimeura is provided.
There is an increase in the popularity of craft beer, which is produced by small, independent, an... more There is an increase in the popularity of craft beer, which is produced by small, independent, and traditional breweries. Since craft beer popularity is rising in Portugal this research focused on assessing physicochemical parameters, total phenolic content (TPC) and the antioxidant capacity of Portuguese craft beers and raw materials used in beer production. In this experimental study, 19 beer samples were analyzed. Parameters such as pH, Total Acidity, Reducing Sugar Content and TPC were evaluated. For the determination of antioxidant activity, DPPH scavenging activity and metal chelating activity (MCA) were analyzed in all samples. Craft beers demonstrated a high phenolic content (ranging from 343.78 mg GAE/L to 2172.49 mg GAE/L), significantly different from industrial beers. Craft beers demonstrated a higher inhibition of DPPH radicals and higher MCA than the raw materials. DPPH inhibition ranged from 36.5% to 96.0% for malt and 64.7% to 79.6% in hops samples. MCA also varied b...
Este artigo é de acesso livre, distribuído sob licença Creative Commons com a designação CC-BY-NC... more Este artigo é de acesso livre, distribuído sob licença Creative Commons com a designação CC-BY-NC-SA 4.0, que permite a utilização e a partilha para fins não comerciais, desde que citado o autor e a fonte original do artigo.
Durante a campanha de escavação que decorreu no Castro de São Lourenço, em 2008, foram recolhidas... more Durante a campanha de escavação que decorreu no Castro de São Lourenço, em 2008, foram recolhidasamostras sedimentares em três quadrículas do Sector D, junto à muralha, em níveis romanos do século IV.Um estudo carpológico permitiu identificar três cultivos: o trigo de grão nu (Triticum aestivum/durum), omilho-miúdo (Panicum miliaceum) e, provavelmente, o milho painço (Setaria cf. italica). O milho-miúdoé a espécie mais abundante e a única que surge em todas as amostras.O milho e o trigo de grão nu apresentam diferentes características, o que potenciaria a optimização dediferentes áreas do território do povoado. Os três cultivos eram frequentes no noroeste peninsular durantea época romana.
Este artigo é de acesso livre, distribuído sob licença Creative Commons com a designação CC-BY-NC... more Este artigo é de acesso livre, distribuído sob licença Creative Commons com a designação CC-BY-NC-SA 4.0, que permite a utilização e a partilha para fins não comerciais, desde que citado o autor e a fonte original do artigo. rce.casadasciencias.org Pelos Urticantes in imagem.casadasciencias.org A natureza, que, sem interrupção, procede como um construtor, é, nesse sentido,
Altitude, temperature and precipitation are important environmental variables for the distributio... more Altitude, temperature and precipitation are important environmental variables for the distribution of endemic plants. Taking in account their present distribution, this work studies the distribution trends of 116 endemic and subendemic species that occur on the western Iberian Peninsula and northwestern Morocco, in different scenarios of future climate change. It was possible to identify five groups of taxa in the present environmental conditions, four of which for the northern part of the Iberian Peninsula. This range can partially be explained by the altitudinal variability of such area. The other group distributes along the western of the Iberian Peninsula. Concerning future climate change scenarios, important changes in species distribution, and a general south-north trend were obtained. Under harsher climatic changes, only the groups that tolerate the most variable environmental conditions persist. Estimates of extinction rates of the studied taxa for the next 75 years are also presented. The present methodology allows the application of ecological indicators (environmental groups, in this case) to understand biogeographic trends.
Archaeobotanical material was recovered in two contiguous compartments of a compound in Monte Moz... more Archaeobotanical material was recovered in two contiguous compartments of a compound in Monte Mozinho (Penafiel, northern Portugal). These areas comprise storage facilities from three different typologiesdolium, pits and above-ground quadrangular structures in the corner of the compartments. Few carpological materials were found inside the storage structures and all these are cereals which were most likely stored as clean grain. Recovered grains are probably remnants of the last stored crops prior to abandonment of the area. A radiocarbon date obtained on grains of rye positions this event at a time within the 3rd century and the beginning of the 4th century A.D. Outside the structures from compartment 2, abundant crop processing by-products, mostly weeds and chaff, were recovered. Since traditional agricultural communities tend not to waste such organic material, it is likely that it was kept in the area to be used as fodder. Data is ambiguous regarding the possible existence of fodder crops mixed with these by-products. Overall, there is a predominance of millets (Panicum miliaceum and Setaria italica) and rye (Secale cereale), but naked wheat (Triticum aestivum) is also a relevant crop. The presence of oat (Avena) is significant but it is difficult to interpret due to its exclusive presence alongside weeds and chaff. Grape pips (Vitis vinifera) were also found, but these are rare. The Late Roman carpological material from Monte Mozinho is of great relevance on a regional level. It documents and dates the presence of rye and testifies to a multifunctional system in which plant husbandry and animal breeding were intertwined. Keywords Agriculture Á Fodder Á Monte Mozinho Á Northern Portugal Á Roman period Communicated by F. Bittmann.
The highest platforms of As Laias, a settlement located in northwest Iberia, were used for storag... more The highest platforms of As Laias, a settlement located in northwest Iberia, were used for storage during the Iron Age and until the turn of the Era. In this time-span, the whole hilltop e the croa e was a walled enclosure mostly used for storage and due to recurrent fires affecting the settlement's terraces, abundant plant remains were preserved in overlying wattle and daub storage structures. Triticum aestivum subsp. spelta was the predominant crop stored in As Laias and was often stored in spikelets. Panicum miliaceum and Vicia faba were important crops too and the presence of Quercus acorns testifies for its storage together with cereals and legumes. Evidence suggests a twofold situation occurred since, in some structures, multiple species were stored while others were possibly filled with a single crop. The evidence of massive storage, the abundance of charred plant remains and the uniqueness of the storage structures makes As Laias one of the most important Iron Age sites in the whole NW Iberia. The interpretation of the site, together with other archaeological contexts in the region is controversial and can have major consequences for the interpretative models of the social and economic features of the local Iron Age. The site itself is sufficient to testify for the productivity of Iron Age agriculture, but further considerations must include remarks regarding the social significance of a massive storage place.
Some of the earliest Western European macroremains of rye (Secale cereale) have been recently rec... more Some of the earliest Western European macroremains of rye (Secale cereale) have been recently recovered in Northwest Iberia. However, the chronological and cultural contexts of these remains have not been yet exhaustively analysed. To address this gap of research, previous and unpublished assemblages have been reviewed and analysed through an analytical set of methods: biometry, radiocarbon dates and integrating the remains of rye in the broad archaeobotanical record of the region. Results show the earliest macroremains of rye in the Iberian Peninsula date to a period between the 3rd century and the first half of the 1st century BCE. Rye was usually found in assemblages dominated by spelt and other cereals, in whose fields it was likely acting as a weed. There is no record of rye for about the two following centuries, after which it is probably reintroduced, now as a crop. It is found in several sites from the 3rd-4th centuries CE onwards, suggesting it is a staple crop as in other ...
Este artigo é de acesso livre, distribuído sob licença Creative Commons com a designação CC-BY-NC... more Este artigo é de acesso livre, distribuído sob licença Creative Commons com a designação CC-BY-NC-SA 4.0, que permite
Este artigo é de acesso livre, distribuído sob licença Creative Commons com a designação CC-BY-NC... more Este artigo é de acesso livre, distribuído sob licença Creative Commons com a designação CC-BY-NC-SA 4.0, que permite a utilização e a partilha para fins não comerciais, desde que citado o autor e a fonte original do artigo.
Este artigo é de acesso livre, distribuído sob licença Creative Commons com a designação CC-BY-NC... more Este artigo é de acesso livre, distribuído sob licença Creative Commons com a designação CC-BY-NC-SA 4.0, que permite
We examined specimens from René Louiche Desfontaines, deposited in the “Herbier de la Flore Atlan... more We examined specimens from René Louiche Desfontaines, deposited in the “Herbier de la Flore Atlantique”(P-Desf) from MNHN-P and homologue specimens from P-Lam, LINN-HS, MPU, FI-Webb, and B-W, to assess three names of western Mediterranean oaks (Quercus L.) that are distributed across across the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa. Specifically, we bring insights to the names Quercus ballota, Q. pseudococcifera., and Q. pseudosuber, after a thorough examination of the original specimens, combined with the analysis of the respective protologues. The results highlight the need for wider and detailed natural history and classic herbaria surveys to promote the discussion and better understanding of species delimitation and biogeographic awareness, especially in crucial groups, that are still involved in taxonomic andevolutionary discussion, as the trees that form the potential climacic forests of the Northern Hemisphere.
Gonzalo Sampaio (1865-1937), Professor of Botany in the University of Porto, collected and studie... more Gonzalo Sampaio (1865-1937), Professor of Botany in the University of Porto, collected and studied lichens during over two decades. The most part of his manuscripts and the material he studied are deposited in the Botanical Institute of the University of Porto and in its Herbarium (PO). In 1990, we started a project of cataloguing and arranging the lichens belonging to his collection.
Six different morphotypes for the Scilla species in western Europe have been distinguished based ... more Six different morphotypes for the Scilla species in western Europe have been distinguished based on leaf width, length of the basal bract, number of flowers per inflorescence, and length of bulbs: (1) S. peruviana; (2) S. hyacinthoides; (3) S. lilio-hyacinthus; (4) S. ramburei + S. beirana; (5) S. verna + S. paui + S. odorata + S. merinoi + S. monophyllos; and (6) S. obtusifolia + S. numidica + S. autumnalis. Two biogeographic trends have been circumscribed in terms of monthly precipitation averages (the most discriminating parameter). One trend, characterized by lower annual regimes of precipitation and distributions around the Mediterranean basin, is represented by S. peruviana, S. hyacinthoides, S. obtusifolia, and S. numidica. The second trend, associated with higher average precipitation along the extreme western coast of Europe, is represented by the S. verna group and S. lilio-hyacinthus. Scilla autumnalis exhibits an intermediate environmental behaviour. Future climate change scenarios point towards an increase in the potential habitat area of species distributed along the Mediterranean basin (S. peruviana, S. hyacinthoides, S. obtusifolia, S. numidica, and S. autumnalis) and a decrease in the potential habitat area for the western-most likely morphotypes (S. ramburei, S. verna, S. monophyllos, and S. lilio-hyacinthus).
A taxonomic reevaluation of two little-known Brimeura taxa, B. fontqueri (PAU) SPETA and B. duvig... more A taxonomic reevaluation of two little-known Brimeura taxa, B. fontqueri (PAU) SPETA and B. duvigneaudii (L. LLORENS) ROSSELL0 et al., has been made. Brimeurafontqueri, described from the Iberian peninsula, has been put into synonymy of B. amethystina (L.) SALISB., since it could not be distinguished on morphological, anatomical or cytogenetic grounds. Brimeura duvigneaudii, from the Balearic Islands, is closely related to B. amethystina and has 2n=28 chromosomes. It differs from the latter by its naked bulbs lacking dark cataphylls, and its narrower leaves and whitish corollas. Accessory chromosomes are reported for the first time in the genus. Karyological instability (with chromosome numbers ranging from 2n=28 to 42) is reported for a population of B. fastigiata (VIV.) CHOUARD. A key to the recognized taxa of Brimeura is provided.
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