Papers by zakiah ponrahono
PLANNING MALAYSIA
Small Urban Green Spaces (SUGS) mushroomed in dense cities as a scaled down version of larger par... more Small Urban Green Spaces (SUGS) mushroomed in dense cities as a scaled down version of larger parks. In the past, SUGS are often abandoned, or their quality is often overlooked. The purpose of this study is to explore the design and features to make a good quality SUGS. Five experts were approached with a weightage evaluation to rate its quality based on selected criteria's; Accessibility, Attractiveness, Functionality, and Safety. Each criterion had a variable to measure the construct. Findings from the expert evaluation showed that SUGS were rated medium or low overall quality. The variables that obtained the highest score and attained high-quality ratings were Obstacles (Safety criteria), General Maintenance (Attractiveness criteria), and Play Area (Accessibility criteria). Interview with park users revealed that they preferred the "presence of trees," "well-maintained environment," and "walking path accessibility." The least preferred attributes...
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PLANNING MALAYSIA
Social Impact Assessment (SIA) has been incorporated into part of EIA legislative structures in m... more Social Impact Assessment (SIA) has been incorporated into part of EIA legislative structures in most nations following the adoption of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) in the USA. The assessment acts as a policy instrument for evaluating a project’s socio-cultural consequences and for advising socio-political stakeholders on its social viability. The instrument also provides operational advice for tackling any negative social effects the policy could have, with a focus on improving its positive effects. However, the traditional SIA has been deemed insufficient for measuring social consequences and has received little emphasis in the appraisal process compared to economic and environmental impacts. Two case studies and a SWOT analysis were conducted to analyse and compare the Social Impact Assessment (SIA) by using a matrix analysis. The findings indicate that both case studies have similar indicators to each term that integrates with one another. The focus on the term is...
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PLANNING MALAYSIA, 2021
Recently, demand for high-rise residential has increased every year and shifted residential devel... more Recently, demand for high-rise residential has increased every year and shifted residential development patterns from vertical to horizontal development. Living in high-rise residential will require residents to share common facilities and resources. For that, a management body is known as Management Corporation (MC) or Joint Management Body (JMB) is established. This management body is responsible to collect the service charge from residents, as well as managing and maintaining the buildings and common property. However, a review of the literature has found out gaps between the MC responsibility and residents’ satisfaction. Driven by study objectives, this study focuses on exploring issues faced by the tenants living in the selected high-rise strata housing. Through a questionnaire survey, responses are randomly collected and analysed. A descriptive table, Relative Importance Index (RII) and correlation test are used in the analysis to provide findings for the study.
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Oil palm is one of the most important crops in Malaysia. Lately, the production of oil palm has b... more Oil palm is one of the most important crops in Malaysia. Lately, the production of oil palm has been reduced due to a variety of factors, including the weather and climate. Temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, sunshine, and rainfall distribution all have an impact on palm tree growth and development, which in turn has an impact on oil palm production. This paper aims to investigate the effects of some weather elements (temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, sunshine, and rainfall) on oil palm production in Peninsular Malaysia. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 20.0 version), with descriptive statistics, and multiple linear regression (MLR). The MLR model determined the strength of the relationship between oil palm yield (dependent variable) and the changing variables of temperature, sunshine, wind speed, relative humidity, and rainfall (independent variables). The findings revealed that temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, ...
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PLANNING MALAYSIA, 2017
In recent years, studies on campus sustainability have been conducted to measure the impact that ... more In recent years, studies on campus sustainability have been conducted to measure the impact that universities have on the environment and several mechanisms to measure and rank universities globally on how they perform in sustainability have been proposed. The UI Greenmetrics ranks universities based on sustainable performance ratings and focused more on the initiatives and opportunities provided to achieve sustainability but did not address the issue of environmental literacy among the university students. This study aims to understand how sustainable practices and policies adopted by Green Universities as well as demographic factors relate to the level of environmental attitude and responsible environmental behaviour of Malaysian student leaders. A census survey was carried out on student leaders of Malaysian public universities to assess their level of perception, attitude, personal responsible environmental behaviour (REB) and REB with regards to UI Greenmetrics Criteria. The Ma...
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Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 2021
Community-based Tourism (CBT) involves high community participation at the highest level of decis... more Community-based Tourism (CBT) involves high community participation at the highest level of decision-making processes, to economic involvement and the giving opinion of the lowest level goal. The purpose of this study is to explore the local community participation in the tourism activities in Kampung Morten, Melaka. The questionnaire survey was conducted using a simple random sampling method among 152 respondents and the results were analysed using crosstabulation analysis. The main findings are the majority of respondents participated in tourism activities and deliberation in tourism activities. Less number of respondents were giving opinions on tourism development and plans. This study is benefitable to the tourism stakeholders to ensure the relevancy of communities staying in living heritage villages to contribute to the domestic tourism industry.
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Asia Proceedings of Social Sciences, 2019
In urban areas, the rigid division of residential, commercial, employment and recreational areas ... more In urban areas, the rigid division of residential, commercial, employment and recreational areas forms a reliance on road transport, which leads to high levels of emission that gradually affects the quality of the urban environment. We establish the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) as a framework for explaining adaptive behavioural responses among urban communities in Malaysia. Participants (N = 450) answered to face-to-face questionnaire survey, and the results specify establishment for the proposed model, with perceived vulnerability (H1) (ß = 0.246, t = 4.534, P=0.000) and and self-efficacy (H3) (ß = 0.510, t = 9.653, P=0.000) positively predicting adaptive behaviour on urban air pollution. The results presented that these structures were able to predict 47% of the variance of adaptive behaviour. The study establishes a significant contribution to the literature by contributing an indication of PMT as an ideal framework for adaptive behavioural responses on urban air pollution.
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The European Proceedings of Multidisciplinary Sciences, 2019
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IIUM Press, 2017
The current bus systems adopted by many towns and rural areas in Malaysia, are not fully equipped... more The current bus systems adopted by many towns and rural areas in Malaysia, are not fully equipped to address the needs of the settlement forms, and socio-demographic and trip characteristics of the good urbanization process. These systems have portrayed a bad image on the overall connectivity and mobility in the urban or rural areas of Malaysia. Studies dwelling on the contemporary research of bus services quality in Malaysia have been limited, especially with regards to the comparison of urban and rural bus performances. Hence, this study focuses on assessing the level of service of bus services offered in selected urban and rural settlements in Malaysia. Five definitions of public transport level of services (LOS) according to Transportation Research Board are adopted. Assessment of the LOS has been conducted using both quantitative and qualitative methods of primary and secondary data capture. Three performance measures, namely fixed-route hour of service, fixed-route service frequency and passenger-load threshold were evaluated in determining the existence and extent of such disparities. Methods of on-board survey and adoption of Geographical Information System (GIS) /Global Positioning System (GPS) was deployed in the collection of primary data. The findings on the level of service (LOS) highlighted that the quality performance of the urban and rural bus service was still poor and lower than the tolerable threshold D. These also explicated some gaps and disparities in terms of (i) frequency, (ii) operation hour, (iii) bus speed, and (iv) passenger load threshold between the urban and rural bus operation systems. The recommendations put forward included the improvement of service facilities of dedicated bus lanes, high technology fleet, modern ticketing system, efficient information systems (arrival-departure time), locating the bus stops exactly on the alignment of the bus lanes, extended service hours into midnight and beyond, and adaptation of best practices in bus service system to ensure the future sustainability of urban and rural bus services in Malaysia
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Sustainable Future for Human Security, 2017
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Transportation refers to the mobility of activities and goods from all economic sectors. Transpor... more Transportation refers to the mobility of activities and goods from all economic sectors. Transportation is the key towards sustaining goods, services and people mobility in economic activities. Public buses in Malaysia, in general, and Kuantan and Penang, in particular, have faced many challenges, including dwindling number of passengers. This research focuses on the passengers’ perspective of the bus services from the aspects of frequency, travel time, as well as comfort and convenience. It aims at analysing passengers’ aspiration and perspectives of sustainable urban public transport and focuses on the assessment of Malaysian urban bus services within selected areas in Kuantan and Penang. Satisfaction of the current patronage is assessed against several measurements. Buses function as feeders to these socioeconomic traffic generators on a daily basis, especially for commuters. Thus, comparison of sustenance of passengers is also made of both Kuantan and Penang users. The research found that some socio-demographic and trip characteristics indeed influenced the current satisfaction level of the passengers. Recommendations have been made to the bus operators to ensure future sustainability of urban stage bus services in Kuantan and Penang.
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