In addition to its role in virus entry, HIV-1 gp120 has also been implicated in HIV-associated ne... more In addition to its role in virus entry, HIV-1 gp120 has also been implicated in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. However, the mechanism(s) responsible for gp120-mediated neuroinflammation remain undefined. In view of increased levels of IL-6 in HIV-positive individuals with neurological manifestations, we sought to address whether gp120 is involved in IL-6 over-expression in astrocytes. Transfection of a human astrocyte cell line with a plasmid encoding gp120 resulted in increased expression of IL-6 at the levels of mRNA and protein by 51.362.1 and 11.662.2 fold respectively; this effect of gp120 on IL-6 expression was also demonstrated using primary human fetal astrocytes. A similar effect on IL-6 expression was observed when primary astrocytes were treated with gp120 protein derived from different strains of X4 and R5 tropic HIV-1. The induction of IL-6 could be abrogated by use of gp120-specific siRNA. Furthermore, this study showed that the NF-kB pathway is involved in gp120-mediated IL-6 over-expression, as IKK-2 and IKKb inhibitors inhibited IL-6 expression by 56.5% and 60.8%, respectively. These results were also confirmed through the use of NF-kB specific siRNA. We also showed that gp120 could increase the phosphorylation of IkBa. Furthermore, gp120 transfection in the SVGA cells increased translocation of NF-kB from cytoplasm to nucleus. These results demonstrate that HIV-1 gp120-mediated over-expression of IL-6 in astrocytes is one mechanism responsible for neuroinflammation in HIV-infected individuals and this is mediated by the NF-kB pathway.
1. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2012 Jan 5. [Epub ahead of print] Ventriculo-peritoneal shunts can caus... more 1. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2012 Jan 5. [Epub ahead of print] Ventriculo-peritoneal shunts can cause liver injury, juxta and intrahepatic pseudocysts: Imaging findings and review of literature. Verma A, Mohan S, Gupta A. Department ...
Patent canal of Nuck is one of the rare developmental entities in females, presenting clinically ... more Patent canal of Nuck is one of the rare developmental entities in females, presenting clinically as an inguino-labial swelling. The usual content of this sac is fluid being secreted by the peritoneal mesothelium. In rare cases, ovary alone or with fallopian tube may prolapsed out into the sac. We report the rationale use of diagnostic algorithm in a case of ovarian hernia into the patent canal of Nuck, to differentiate it from more common clinical mimics. Furthermore, in the present case, a knowledge of the entity and targeted scrutiny, led to a correct identification of the prolapsed ovary, preventing an unwarranted oophorectomy in the garb of neoplasia.
In addition to its role in virus entry, HIV-1 gp120 has also been implicated in HIV-associated ne... more In addition to its role in virus entry, HIV-1 gp120 has also been implicated in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. However, the mechanism(s) responsible for gp120-mediated neuroinflammation remain undefined. In view of increased levels of IL-6 in HIV-positive individuals with neurological manifestations, we sought to address whether gp120 is involved in IL-6 over-expression in astrocytes. Transfection of a human astrocyte cell line with a plasmid encoding gp120 resulted in increased expression of IL-6 at the levels of mRNA and protein by 51.362.1 and 11.662.2 fold respectively; this effect of gp120 on IL-6 expression was also demonstrated using primary human fetal astrocytes. A similar effect on IL-6 expression was observed when primary astrocytes were treated with gp120 protein derived from different strains of X4 and R5 tropic HIV-1. The induction of IL-6 could be abrogated by use of gp120-specific siRNA. Furthermore, this study showed that the NF-kB pathway is involved in gp120-mediated IL-6 over-expression, as IKK-2 and IKKb inhibitors inhibited IL-6 expression by 56.5% and 60.8%, respectively. These results were also confirmed through the use of NF-kB specific siRNA. We also showed that gp120 could increase the phosphorylation of IkBa. Furthermore, gp120 transfection in the SVGA cells increased translocation of NF-kB from cytoplasm to nucleus. These results demonstrate that HIV-1 gp120-mediated over-expression of IL-6 in astrocytes is one mechanism responsible for neuroinflammation in HIV-infected individuals and this is mediated by the NF-kB pathway.
1. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2012 Jan 5. [Epub ahead of print] Ventriculo-peritoneal shunts can caus... more 1. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2012 Jan 5. [Epub ahead of print] Ventriculo-peritoneal shunts can cause liver injury, juxta and intrahepatic pseudocysts: Imaging findings and review of literature. Verma A, Mohan S, Gupta A. Department ...
Patent canal of Nuck is one of the rare developmental entities in females, presenting clinically ... more Patent canal of Nuck is one of the rare developmental entities in females, presenting clinically as an inguino-labial swelling. The usual content of this sac is fluid being secreted by the peritoneal mesothelium. In rare cases, ovary alone or with fallopian tube may prolapsed out into the sac. We report the rationale use of diagnostic algorithm in a case of ovarian hernia into the patent canal of Nuck, to differentiate it from more common clinical mimics. Furthermore, in the present case, a knowledge of the entity and targeted scrutiny, led to a correct identification of the prolapsed ovary, preventing an unwarranted oophorectomy in the garb of neoplasia.
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