Papers by Patrick Charland
Revue internationale du CRIRES : innover dans la tradition de Vygotsky
Ce texte apporte un regard critique empirique à des études citées en preuve d’inefficacité de l’e... more Ce texte apporte un regard critique empirique à des études citées en preuve d’inefficacité de l’enseignement en ligne. Compte tenu de l’importance de considérer les pratiques et l’activité des acteurs avec une certaine finesse lorsqu’on analyse ou évalue tout dispositif éducatif, nous avons analysé quelles informations de cet ordre sont considérées dans quelques vastes études citées pour leur rigueur scientifique. Nous avons procédé à une analyse de contenu de l’information fournie sur la façon dont l’enseignement en ligne s’est déroulé. Les résultats apportent des nuances importantes à des travaux qui ont la prétention de rendre compte de données probantes concluant à l’inefficacité de l’enseignement en ligne.
Refuge: Canada's Journal on Refugees, 2021
The academic community has highlighted the lack of research into accelerated education programs (... more The academic community has highlighted the lack of research into accelerated education programs (AEPs) in refugee camps. Furthermore, AEPs take different forms in different countries. Generally speaking, however, several AEPs in different parts of the world are known for their low attendance rates. Accordingly, this article presents the key barriers causing absenteeism or preventing students from continuing their education within the program in Dadaab Refugee Camp. Our study shows that humanitarian action itself plays a significant role in pupil academic persistence. Also, flexible schedules are not a solution to absenteeism in AEP.
PLOS ONE
From 2014 to 2017, the Islamic State in Irak and Syria (ISIS), a terrorist political organization... more From 2014 to 2017, the Islamic State in Irak and Syria (ISIS), a terrorist political organization of Salafist jihadist ideology, had put in place an operational and relatively stable educational system. Among its Complementary Programs, ISIS included a curriculum for programming using the Scratch software. In this article, we discuss this curriculum by analyzing the content of the official ISIS programming textbook, with the objectives of characterizing: 1) the curriculum’s pedagogical intentions and definition of programming; 2) the programming curriculum; and 3) the religious and military indoctrination value. We found that, first, ISIS’s programming curriculum intentions are more about religious and military injunctions to build the caliphate than they are about developing 21st-century skills such as computational thinking. Second, although the progression of learning in the sequence of activities designed by ISIS seems logical and, overall, well-ordered, the ISIS programming cur...
Computers in the Schools, 2022
Pour une école moderne, exigeante, équitable, juste, ouverte, inclusive citoyenne, critique, créa... more Pour une école moderne, exigeante, équitable, juste, ouverte, inclusive citoyenne, critique, créative, consciente, branchée et fière. Le Manifeste pour une école compétente est le résultat de la collaboration de professeurs et professeures en sciences de l’éducation de toutes les universités au Québec, tant francophones qu’anglophones. Les auteurs y affirment à la fois la nécessité de faire de l’éducation une priorité et le souhait qu’elle continue d’être innovante et créatrice, qu’elle contribue au développement global de tous les élèves et qu’elle soit à l’avant-garde sur le plan international. Ce manifeste constitue une production à caractère unique dans l’histoire de l’éducation au Québec.
Repères contemporains pour l’éducation aux sciences et à la technologie, 2020
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis in China. Recently, a s... more Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis in China. Recently, a shift in molecular epidemiology from hepatitis E genotype 1 (HEV-1) to hepatitis E genotype 4 (HEV-4) has been observed in Northern China, marking a switch from human-to-human transmission to zoonosis. However, similar data from cities in Southern China are lacking. This observational study of human hepatitis E cases in Shenzhen, a metropolitan city in the Pearl River Delta region, aimed to describe the clinical features and molecular epidemiology of hepatitis E in Southern China. Over a 55-month period, we identified 20 patients with acute hepatitis E. Most were middle-aged men, and 50% of patients had concomitant liver disease, of whom 70% were identified to have non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; such patients had a trend toward higher liver enzymes. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR using archived serum samples showed that 12 patients had hepatitis E viremia at presentation. Sequencing of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene was performed for five of these patients, and phylogenetic analysis revealed that these five HEV isolates belonged to subgenotype 4b and were clustered with swine HEV isolates from Southern China. Combined with other studies showing similar findings, this suggests that the molecular epidemiology of hepatitis E in China is evolving toward low-level endemicity driven by foodborne transmission from seafood or pork products. The importance of concomitant liver disease, in particular non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, as a risk factor for severe hepatitis E requires further study.
Cet article propose une réflexion sur les problèmes et risques associés à certaines utilisations ... more Cet article propose une réflexion sur les problèmes et risques associés à certaines utilisations d’étiquettes permettant de qualifier les pratiques et les interventions pédagogiques testées, promues ou contestées dans le cadre de l’enseignement des sciences. Souvent pairées en dichotomies, ces étiquettes sont parfois présentées comme pouvant générer des problèmes de crédibilité des recherches qui les utilisent, ainsi que des incompréhensions et des blessures lorsqu’invoquées imprudemment en formation. Il propose ensuite une formule dichotomique et fonctionnelle permettant de caractériser les efforts éducatifs en prenant appui sur la différence ordinaire qui existe dans le langage courant entre la persuasion et la conviction.
This project has focused on continuing education offered to high school science teachers in a Que... more This project has focused on continuing education offered to high school science teachers in a Quebec Museum of civilisation. We followed this group of teachers throughout the process of immersion in the museum's activities, to describe and attempt to understand how this experience has transformed their teaching practice, as well as their relationship to the museum. A qualitative-interpretative research emphasizing an inductive approach was put forward through a case study from the perspective of Wenger’s social theory of learning. Learning is therefore described as a four-dimensional system that is closely related and mutually determinative. The results capture these four dimensions: meaning, engagement in practice, community belonging, and changes in identity, and how participation in collective activities transforms individuals.
Practice plays an important role in e-learning, yet it is still difficult to find a consensual an... more Practice plays an important role in e-learning, yet it is still difficult to find a consensual and usable mathematical model to describe the shapes of learning, forgetting, and spacing curves [1]. Studies on distributed practice date back to Ebbinghaus (1885), and hundreds more have been conducted on the related effects [2]. One of these effects is the law of practice [3], which links higher success rates and shorter response times to the number of practice trials. Another is the forgetting curve [4], which links a lower observed probability of retention to a longer period of time before retrieval. A third and more abstract phenomenon is the spacing effect, which suggests that breaking up practice over time produces more learning than if the sessions are grouped together. This study uses three scale-invariant hypotheses to determine the mathematical properties of the empirical curves. The first hypothesis, composition invariance, states that, for each subject, simultaneous success a...
Brain Sciences, 2021
Millions of students follow online classes which are delivered in video format. Several studies e... more Millions of students follow online classes which are delivered in video format. Several studies examine the impact of these video formats on engagement and learning using explicit measures and outline the need to also investigate the implicit cognitive and emotional states of online learners. Our study compared two video formats in terms of engagement (over time) and learning in a between-subject experiment. Engagement was operationalized using explicit and implicit neurophysiological measures. Twenty-six (26) subjects participated in the study and were randomly assigned to one of two conditions based on the video shown: infographic video or lecture capture. The infographic video showed animated graphics, images, and text. The lecture capture showed a professor, providing a lecture, filmed in a classroom setting. Results suggest that lecture capture triggers greater emotional engagement over a shorter period, whereas the infographic video maintains higher emotional and cognitive eng...
Multimodal Technologies and Interaction, 2021
This paper aims to explore the impact of a collective immersion on learners’ engagement and perfo... more This paper aims to explore the impact of a collective immersion on learners’ engagement and performance. Building on Bandura’s social learning theory and the theory on the sense of presence, we hypothesise that collective immersion has a positive impact on performance as well as cognitive, emotional and behavioural engagement. Ninety-three participants distributed in four conditions took part in the experiment. The four conditions manipulated the collective and individual dimensions of the learning environment as well as the high and low immersion of the learning material. The two conditions that offered a high immersion setting used two types of the novel immersive dome: a large one for collective immersion and a small one for individual use. All participants were presented with the same stimuli, an 8-min-long video of a virtual neighbourhood visit in Paris in the 18th century. The participants’ reactions were measured during and after the task. The learning outcome, as well as the...
Information Systems and Neuroscience, 2017
This paper aims to investigate the predictive property of pupil dilation in an IT-related task. P... more This paper aims to investigate the predictive property of pupil dilation in an IT-related task. Previous work in the field of cognitive pupillometry has established that pupil size is associated with cognitive load. We conducted a within-subject experiment with 22 children aged between 7 and 9. For the hard questions, visit duration, pupil size and its quadratic effect were significant predictors. We discuss the potential of using this unobtrusive approach for neuro-adaptive and auto-adaptive applications.
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Papers by Patrick Charland