Papers by Colleen A Redding
Psychology & Health, Jun 24, 2015
Objective-Mediation analyses of sun protection were conducted testing structural equation models ... more Objective-Mediation analyses of sun protection were conducted testing structural equation models using longitudinal data with three waves. An effect was said to be mediated if the standardized path between processes of change, decisional balance, and sun protection outcomes were significant. Design-Longitudinal models of sun protection using data from individuals in the precontemplation (N=964) and preparation (N =463) stages who participated of an expert system intervention. Main Outcome Measures-Nine processes of change for sun protection, decisional balance constructs of sun protection (pros and cons), sun avoidance behavior, and sunscreen use. Results-With the exception of two processes in the preparation stage, processes of change predicted the pros (r= .126 to .614), and the pros predicted the outcomes (r= .181 to .272). Three models with the cons as mediator in the preparation stage, and none in the precontemplation stage, showed a mediated relationship between processes and outcomes. Conclusion-In general, mediation analyses found both the process of change-to-pros and prosto-behavior paths significant for both precontemplation and preparation stages, and for both sun avoidance and sunscreen use outcomes. Findings provide support for the importance of assessing the role of underlying risk cognitions in improving sun protection adherence.
Addictive Behaviors, Jul 1, 1992
Time series data were collected twice daily for 62 days from 10 individualson three variables rel... more Time series data were collected twice daily for 62 days from 10 individualson three variables related to smoking habit strength: numberofcigarettessmoked. salivary cotinine. and carbon monoxide. The two purposes of this study were: (a) to evaluate which time xries model(s) best tits each of the measures: and (b) to determine which model of nicotine regulation is consistent with the data. Three models of nicotine regulation were considered: (a) nicotine fixed effect: (b) nicotine regulation: and (c) multiple regulation. These models provide different predictions about the size and direction of the lag-one autocorrelation. Each measure vvas described in terms of one of a family of time series models represented mathematically as ARIMA (p. d. 4). Models varied by individual, but a single model described the majority of subjects for all three variables. Theclearest model identification was for the numberofcigarcttes smoked where an ARIMA (I, 0. 0) model with a moderate to strong negative dependen<) fit the majority of the subjects. This provided strong support for the multiple regulation model. An appendiu provides a brief review of time series methodology. 5icotinr regulation models 327 Sicotine rqulation models 345 than to simply assume that they are not significant. Second. this paper evaluated three competing theories. Following Huitema (1985, 1988) we would simply have assumed one of the theories was correct without testing it. In this case, the empirical evidence suggests that we would have assumed the wrong theory, i.e., the nicotine regulation model.
Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2006
ABSTRACT To investigate whether women between the ages of 14 and 25 years with a past unplanned p... more ABSTRACT To investigate whether women between the ages of 14 and 25 years with a past unplanned pregnancy were more likely to use a contraceptive method compared with women without a history of unplanned pregnancy. We analyzed baseline data of 424 nonpregnant women between the ages of 14 and 25 years enrolled in a randomized trial to prevent sexually transmitted diseases and unplanned pregnancy (Project PROTECT). Women at high risk for sexually transmitted diseases or unplanned pregnancy were included. Participants completed a demographic, substance use, and reproductive health questionnaire. We compared women with and without a history of unplanned pregnancy using bivariate analysis and log binomial regression. The prevalence of past unplanned pregnancy in this sample was 43%. Women reporting an unplanned pregnancy were older, and had less education, and were more likely to be nonwhite race or ethnicity. History of an unplanned pregnancy was not associated with usage of a contraceptive method (relative risk 1.01, 95% confidence interval 0.87-1.16) in bivariate analysis or when potential confounders were accounted for in the analysis (adjusted relative risk 1.10, 95% confidence interval 0.95-1.28). Several factors were associated with both unplanned pregnancy and overall contraceptive method use in this population. However, a past unplanned pregnancy was not associated with overall contraceptive method usage. Future studies are necessary to investigate the complex relationship between unplanned pregnancy and contraceptive method use. II-2.
The heavy reliance on single occupancy vehicles used by commuters is one of the most preventable ... more The heavy reliance on single occupancy vehicles used by commuters is one of the most preventable contributors to the carbon footprint of campuses and communities. Besides technical innovations, behavior change is pivotal to reducing SOV (single occupancy vehicle) travel. This proposal addresses the NEUTC theme strategic management of disruptive change in transportation systems. It is designed to apply the Transtheoretical Model of Change (TTM) to baby boomer populations to improve transportation choices, help the environment, and the quality of life in campus communities. Given the tremendous success of TTM in other areas of behavior change this team has developed an innovative project, which can serve as a model for sustainable transportation for campuses and communities nationwide. The work presented here reflects the findings of a multi-year, multi-site interdisciplinary project designed to promote alternative/sustainable transportation and to encourage mode shift from single occupancy vehicle commuting to transit, carpooling, walking or biking. A study of faculty, staff and students at two public universities in the Northeast was designed to develop and test the methodology of applying the TTM to transportation behavior.
Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, Oct 1, 2021
Context:Advance care planning remains underutilized. A better understanding of the role of educat... more Context:Advance care planning remains underutilized. A better understanding of the role of education in promoting engagement is needed.Objectives:To examine advance care planning knowledge and its relationship to engagement in middle-aged and older adults.Methods:This cross-sectional study utilized baseline data from 921 participants age ≥55 years enrolled in the STAMP randomized controlled trial, including a knowledge scale consisting of seven questions regarding the purpose and mechanisms of advance care planning and measures of participation.Results:Only 11.9% of participants answered all 7 questions correctly, and 25.6% of participants answered ≤ 3 correctly (defined as “low knowledge”). Low knowledge was independently associated with male gender (OR 2.1, 95% CI: 1.5, 3.0), non-white race (OR 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1, 2.2), older age (OR 2.2, 95% CI: 1.4, 3.4), lower income (OR 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1, 2.1), and lower education level (OR 2.9, 95% CI: 2.0, 4.1). Higher knowledge was independently associated with communicating with a loved one about quality versus quantity of life (OR 1.7, 95% CI: 1.2, 2.4) and with living will completion (OR 1.6, 95% CI: 1.0, 2.5), but not with healthcare agent assignment. Factors including race and education remained associated with engagement after accounting for knowledge.Conclusion:Knowledge deficits regarding advance care planning are common and associated with the same sociodemographic factors linked to other healthcare disparities. While improving knowledge is an important component of intervention, it is unlikely sufficient in and of itself to increase engagement.
Research Square (Research Square), Mar 1, 2021
Background. Stress levels among Americans are considerable. This research examined Transtheoretic... more Background. Stress levels among Americans are considerable. This research examined Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change (TTM) constructs for stress management in groups organized by longitudinal progress (dynatypes): Maintainers, Relapsers, and Stable Non-Changers. Methods. Secondary data analysis of a computer-tailored intervention group examined construct use over time across the three groups. Adults (n=427) meeting criteria for not engaging in stress management behaviors at baseline comprised the analytic sample. Participants received three TTM-tailored feedback interventions to help facilitate change at baseline, 3 and 6 months. Demographics, Stage of Change, 10 Processes of Change, Decisional Balance (Pros and Cons), and Self-E cacy were assessed at baseline, 6, 12, and 18 months. Repeated measures MANOVA followed by ANOVAs, with Tukey follow-up tests assessed differences in use of TTM constructs longitudinally across dynatype groups. Results. Ten of the 13 TTM constructs differentiated between Successful Changers and Stable Non-Changers at baseline and over time. Relapsers were more similar to Successful Changers than to Stable Non-Changers in their use of all constructs, except Self-E cacy. Conclusion. Findings suggest that baseline cognitive and behavioral constructs can improve prediction of different intervention outcomes 18 months later.
Journal of the Transportation Research Forum, 2016
This paper presents findings of a two-campus project designed to assess alternative/sustainable t... more This paper presents findings of a two-campus project designed to assess alternative/sustainable transportation (AT), which is defined as commuting via non-SOVs (single occupancy vehicles) such as transit, carpooling, walking, or biking. One of the objectives was to test the application of a well-known behavior change model, the Transtheoretical Model of Change (TTM), to transportation behaviors. Additionally, geospatial analysis and visualization were applied using the TTM measures. The survey results show that commuting distances, transit connectivity, and status (i.e., students, staff, and faculty) affected commute modes and stages of readiness to use AT. Another important finding was that the survey data for AT replicated TTM relationship predictions between constructs and stages of change.
Addictive Behaviors, 2007
This longitudinal study compared 14 principles and processes of change applied by successful quit... more This longitudinal study compared 14 principles and processes of change applied by successful quitters, relapsers and non-quitters over 24 months in a representative sample of 4,144 smokers in intervention and control groups. The successful quitters showed a decrease in the use of experiential processes (cognitive, affective and effective) and an increase in behavioral processes (e.g., counterconditioning and stimulus control). The non-quitters showed little change in their use of almost all of the processes. The relapsers' use of the processes tended to initially parallel the successful quitters, but over time, their use ended up between the quitters and the non-quitters. In general, the relapsers ended up working harder but not smarter than the successful quitters. The pattern of use of change processes in the treatment and control groups were remarkably similar, suggesting common pathways to change.
AIDS and Behavior, 2010
Although HIV is contracted by individuals, it is typically transmitted in dyads. Most efforts to ... more Although HIV is contracted by individuals, it is typically transmitted in dyads. Most efforts to promote safer sex practices, however, focus exclusively on individuals. The goal of this paper is to provide a theoretical framework that specifies how models of dyadic processes and relationships can inform models of HIV-prevention. At the center of the framework is the proposition that safer sex between two people requires a dyadic capacity for successful coordination. According to this framework, relational, individual, and structural variables that affect the enactment of safer sex do so through their direct and indirect effects on that dyadic capacity. This dyadic perspective does not require an ongoing relationship between two individuals; rather, it offers a way of distinguishing between dyads along a continuum from anonymous strangers (with minimal coordination of behavior) to long-term partners (with much greater coordination). Acknowledging the dyadic context of HIV-prevention offers new targets for interventions and suggests new approaches to tailoring interventions to specific populations.
Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2019
Background/Objectives: To determine the feasibility of conducting a cluster randomized controlled... more Background/Objectives: To determine the feasibility of conducting a cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) providing individualized feedback reports to increase ACP engagement in the primary care setting. Design: Pilot cluster RCT Setting: Two primary care practices selected for geographic co-location. Participants: Adults age ≥ 55. Intervention: Brief assessment of readiness to engage in (stage of change for) three ACP behaviors (health care agent assignment, communication with agent about quality versus quantity of life, living will completion) generating an individualized feedback report, plus a stage-matched brochure. Measures: Patient recruitment and retention, intervention delivery, baseline characteristics, stage of change movement. Results: Recruitment rates differed by practice. Several baseline sociodemographic characteristics differed between the 38 intervention and 41 control participants, including employment status, education, and communication with health care agent. Feedback was successfully delivered to all intervention participants, and over 90% of participants completed a 2month follow-More intervention participants demonstrated progression in readiness than did control participants, without testing for statistical significance.
BMC Obesity, 2018
Background: Given the current prevalence of childhood obesity among Hispanic populations, and the... more Background: Given the current prevalence of childhood obesity among Hispanic populations, and the importance of parental feeding behaviors, we aimed to assess the impact of the evidence-based Healthy Children, Healthy Families (HCHF) intervention on responsive food parenting practices (FPPs) in a low-income Hispanic population. Methods: This community-based pilot study used a non-experimental pre/post within-subjects design. Parents (n = 94) of children aged 3-11 years old were recruited to participate in an 8-week, weekly group-based intervention. The intervention was delivered to nine groups of parents by trained paraprofessional educators over a two-year period. Children participated in a separate curriculum that covered topics similar to those covered in the parent intervention. Parents completed self-administered pre/post surveys, which included demographic questions, seven subscales from the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire, and the 16-item HCHF Behavior Checklist. Descriptive statistics and paired samples t-tests were used to analyze data from parents that completed the intervention. Results: Fifty-two, primarily Hispanic (93%) parents completed the intervention (39% attrition rate). For parents who completed the intervention, there was a significant increase in one of the feeding practice subscales: encouragement of balance and variety (p = 0.01). There were significant improvements in several parent and child diet and activity outcomes (p ≤ 0.01). Conclusions: Although attrition rates were high, parents completing the study reported enjoying and being satisfied with the intervention. For parents who completed the intervention, reported 'encouragement of balance and variety', in addition to several health behaviors significantly improved. Larger studies utilizing an experimental design, should further explore the impact of the HCHF curriculum on improving certain FPPs and health behaviors that contribute to obesity.
Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2019
Background/Objectives: To determine the feasibility of conducting a cluster randomized controlled... more Background/Objectives: To determine the feasibility of conducting a cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) providing individualized feedback reports to increase ACP engagement in the primary care setting. Design: Pilot cluster RCT Setting: Two primary care practices selected for geographic co-location. Participants: Adults age ≥ 55. Intervention: Brief assessment of readiness to engage in (stage of change for) three ACP behaviors (health care agent assignment, communication with agent about quality versus quantity of life, living will completion) generating an individualized feedback report, plus a stage-matched brochure. Measures: Patient recruitment and retention, intervention delivery, baseline characteristics, stage of change movement. Results: Recruitment rates differed by practice. Several baseline sociodemographic characteristics differed between the 38 intervention and 41 control participants, including employment status, education, and communication with health care agent. Feedback was successfully delivered to all intervention participants, and over 90% of participants completed a 2month follow-More intervention participants demonstrated progression in readiness than did control participants, without testing for statistical significance.
Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods, 2017
The performance of several models under different conditions of zero-inflation and dispersion are... more The performance of several models under different conditions of zero-inflation and dispersion are evaluated. Results from simulated and real data showed that the zeroaltered or zero-inflated negative binomial model were preferred over others (e.g., ordinary least-squares regression with log-transformed outcome, Poisson model) when data have excessive zeros and over-dispersion.
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Papers by Colleen A Redding