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Rohail Hassan

Universiti Utara Malaysia, Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate Business School, Faculty Member

Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Management and Humanities, Graduate Student

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I have been employed in corporate sector for 4 years. Whilst my background prior to this was in business & management related roles, the move to corporate sector provided exposure to research and innovation - these have since become two of my passions.

I commenced a full-time PhD in 2013 to pursue my passion for research. I am based in Management Sciences and study within the Centre for Research & Innovation. My interests lie in the field of Corporate Governance, Strategic Management, Firm Performance, Diversity Management and Financial Performance.

Upon the conclusion of my PhD, I plan to return to teaching, as consultant or trainer and continue research
Supervisors: Dr. Maran Marimuthu, Dr. Satirenjit Kaur Johl, and Dr. Ravichandran K. Subramaniam

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Noel B. Salazar

KU Leuven

C. Michael Hall

University of Canterbury/Te Whare Wānanga o Waitaha

Virginia Tech

University of Central Florida

Sebahattin Devecioglu

University of Firat

University of Exeter

The University of Sheffield

University of Melbourne

Kansas State University

University of Cologne

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Papers by Rohail Hassan

Shipper’s perceptions of aviation Logistics Service Quality (LSQ) of air freight provider

This research investigates logistics service quality of the air freight provider from a shipper&#... more This research investigates logistics service quality of the air freight provider from a shipper's perspective in Malaysia. The multiple empirical case studies are used to collect data from the shipper's perspective. Findings suggest there are five main factors that represent air freight service quality of the air freight provider. They are ground handler attitude, fast delivery, communication and information sharing, product reliability and price. These findings contribute to the current theory of Logistics Service Quality (LSQ) with specifically enhance our understanding of air freight service quality. These findings contribute to the current theory of air freight service quality where it is still underdeveloped. This research studies LSQ from shippers perspective only. Findings from this study has developed better our current understanding of logistics service, particularly in air freight sector. Thus, this study is pioneer that offers a study on LSQ in air freight perspec...

The Role of Access to Finance, Relational Capabilities and the Component of Strategic Orientations on SMEs Performance in Nigeria: A Pilot Study

The objective of this study is to explore and confirm the validity and reliability of the measure... more The objective of this study is to explore and confirm the validity and reliability of the measurement instrument to determine the role of access to financing, relational capabilities and component of strategic orientations on SMEs performance in Nigeria. SMEs performance is paramount due to their significant contribution to employment and GDP. The issue of non-performance of SMEs and lack of empirical evidence on the role of strategic orientations on SMEs performance in emerging countries particularly Nigeria motivated the study. Therefore, confirming the validity and reliability of the measurement items will remove doubts regarding the applicability and suitability of the instrument in another context. It will also stand as the guide for full scale research. The study employed a survey approach and collected 33 useable questionnaires from SMEs in Kano-based on systematic random sampling technique. The model examined five factors as a determinant of SMEs performance in Nigeria. Hen...

Blockchain technology and gender equality: A systematic literature review

International Journal of Information Management

The Critical Success Factors for the Use of Information Systems and Its Impact on the Organizational Performance

Objective An enthusiastic, adaptive and fast-learning person with a broad and acute interest in c... more

E-Commerce and SME Performance: The Moderating Influence of Entrepreneurial Competencies

Administrative Sciences, 2022

This research aims to examine the mediating role of the use of the e-commerce and moderating infl... more This research aims to examine the mediating role of the use of the e-commerce and moderating influence of entrepreneurial competencies on the performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The study data were collected via a structured questionnaire comprised of a seven-point Likert scale from practitioners serving at the top and middle-level positions in Pakistani SMEs. The Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) technique was applied on 250 useable returned questionnaires. The results showed that the association between the use of e-commerce and firm performance is positively significant. Moreover, the use of e-commerce mediates the positive association between technological readiness, adoption cost, and firm performance. However, the moderating role of entrepreneurial competencies does not appear as significant between the use of e-commerce and manufacturing SMEs’ performance. The present study is the first to explore entrepreneurial competencies as a m...

Different Approaches to Merchandise Trade Balance in Pakistan

The current study empirically examines the three major approaches to trade balance for Pakistan b... more The current study empirically examines the three major approaches to trade balance for Pakistan by utilizing the yearly data from 1972 to 2016. Monetary, elasticity, and absorption approaches were tested by developing a model that incorporates all three approaches. The significant contribution of the study is that it uses only the merchandise trade deficit account, which includes trade of only physical goods. The study used time-series data; therefore, variables have been tested for the stationarity, and it is found that there is a combination of I (0) and I (1) variables, so ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration has been employed to find the short run and long run associations among the variables. The bound test results discovered that there is a presence of stable long-term association among the merchandise trade deficit account, real broad money supply, real effective exchange rate, and real domestic absorption. The results further revealed that merchandise trade discrepancy is determined purely by the real effective exchange rate, which specifies that the exchange rate's devaluation increases the deficit in the long run whereas in the short-run increase in domestic absorption decreases the merchandise trade deficit.

Ethnic and Gender Diversity in Top Level Management and Firm Performance: Shareholder’s Perspectives

Journal of international women's studies, 2017

This study examines the relationship between demographic diversity in top management levels with ... more This study examines the relationship between demographic diversity in top management levels with a firms’ financial performance using 84 non-financial companies in Malaysia. Demographic diversity consists of ethnic diversity and gender diversity. The top management level includes both the top management team and the board of directors. This study uses data from 2008 to 2012. Return on assets measures the financial performance. Ethnic and gender diversity measured by the number of Non-Malays and the number of females in top management respectively. This study incorporates descriptive statistics, correlation testing, and regression analysis. The results show that ethnic diversity in the top management team as well as in a board of directors has no impact on firm performance (ROE). However, the results of gender diversity have a positive impact on performance (ROE) in both perspectives (TMTs and BODs).

Deep Image Restoration Model: A Defense Method Against Adversarial Attacks

Computers, Materials & Continua, 2022

These days, deep learning and computer vision are much-growing fields in this modern world of inf... more These days, deep learning and computer vision are much-growing fields in this modern world of information technology. Deep learning algorithms and computer vision have achieved great success in different applications like image classification, speech recognition, self-driving vehicles, disease diagnostics, and many more. Despite success in various applications, it is found that these learning algorithms face severe threats due to adversarial attacks. Adversarial examples are inputs like images in the computer vision field, which are intentionally slightly changed or perturbed. These changes are humanly imperceptible. But are misclassified by a model with high probability and severely affects the performance or prediction. In this scenario, we present a deep image restoration model that restores adversarial examples so that the target model is classified correctly again. We proved that our defense method against adversarial attacks based on a deep image restoration model is simple and state-of-the-art by providing strong experimental results evidence. We have used MNIST and CIFAR10 datasets for experiments and analysis of our defense method. In the end, we have compared our method to other state-ofthe-art defense methods and proved that our results are better than other rival methods.

Bridging and Bonding: How Gender Diversity Influence Organizational Performance

Global Business and Management Research: An International Journal, 2017

Purpose: This paper shed light on this diversity at board level topic by conceptualizing the rela... more Purpose: This paper shed light on this diversity at board level topic by conceptualizing the relationships as firm value and diverse board. Design/methodology/approach: Reasonable theoretical arguments drawn from Upper-echelon theory and agency theory suggest that board characteristics (gender diversity) may have either a positive, negative, or a neutral effect on the firm value. Bridging as gender diversity and Bonding has firm performance. To investigate this phenomenon relevant hypotheses are developed to test diversity at board level and its impact on firm value with the use of appropriate variables and measures. For this empirical work, the board of directors attributes and financial data used over the period 2009 to 2013. A total sample of large 60 top Malaysian listed companies is selected on the basis of their market capitalization. This study incorporates econometrics methodology on panel data analysis, which is used rigorously for hypothesis testing. Findings: The study revealed that Gender diversity has no significant impact on firm value. The results indicate that demographic diversity at board level does have a relationship with market value. Originality/value: Many governments seek to impose diversity in the boardroom, but the consequences of doing so are inconsistent and could decrease firm performance and economies. While extensive literature exists on diversity issues, this issue is still under debate and inconsistent results. Furthermore, there is a need to investigate this problem in a more holistic way and with rigorous statistical estimation. The paper attempts to fill the gap in the existing literature, discuss the empirically diverse corporate boards and impact on the firm performance. Introduction One of the vital issues for corporate boards of listed firms are its board composition. Corporate board is considered to be balanced if its board members come from various backgrounds, which benefits it to perform more effectively. Developing societal, political and cultural views at top

Online Islamic business enhancer tool (OIBET) for young entrepreneurs

To date, many developing countries and Muslim nations those existing in poverty are incapable of ... more To date, many developing countries and Muslim nations those existing in poverty are incapable of contributing in local and international markets due to the lack of digitalisation knowledge, entrepreneurial skills and complete absence of supportive from Government institutions. For digitalisation enhancing innovations in developing countries and poverty presents unique challenges. E-commerce in layman&#39;s term refers to the activity of buying and selling over the Internet. Many young entrepreneurs and individual Islamic businesses have a website set up to catch up to technology and to advertise or promote their products. However, young entrepreneurs do not employ an e-commerce solution. This paper aims to develop simplicity to create an e-commerce store to allow and to sell products over the Internet. In addition, young entrepreneurship development from an Islamic perspective. The proposed solution includes extracting the product information available to the user and then set up a generic secure e-commerce prototype aim to store information from existing non-e-commerce website selling products. The prototype designed in this provides standard features of a common online store, shopping cart and payment solutions. A mobile version of the online store is also designed for further easing the process of purchasing products for the customer as mobile computing is on the rise and people are getting more and more reliable on their smartphone to perform various tasks. This paper emphasises the need for young entrepreneurs to understand digitalisation as an integral part of the dynamic business sustainability nexus and the new global business equation. The proposed tool is helpful for the government, policymaker, potential young entrepreneurs and others existing entrepreneurs of Muslim countries, Islamic scholars and academicians.

Framing Twitter Public Sentiment on Nigerian Government COVID-19 Palliatives Distribution Using Machine Learning

Sustainability, 2021

Sustainable development plays a vital role in information and communication technology. In times ... more Sustainable development plays a vital role in information and communication technology. In times of pandemics such as COVID-19, vulnerable people need help to survive. This help includes the distribution of relief packages and materials by the government with the primary objective of lessening the economic and psychological effects on the citizens affected by disasters such as the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there has not been an efficient way to monitor public funds’ accountability and transparency, especially in developing countries such as Nigeria. The understanding of public emotions by the government on distributed palliatives is important as it would indicate the reach and impact of the distribution exercise. Although several studies on English emotion classification have been conducted, these studies are not portable to a wider inclusive Nigerian case. This is because Informal Nigerian English (Pidgin), which Nigerians widely speak, has quite a different vocabulary from Stand...

Government subsidy, strategic profitability and its impact on financial performance: empirical evidence from Indonesia

Investment Management and Financial Innovations, 2017

This paper examines the moderating impact of capital structure on the relationship between govern... more This paper examines the moderating impact of capital structure on the relationship between government subsidy, strategic profitability and financial strength of state-owned enterprises in Indonesia. A purposive sampling is used and data were collected from seven state-owned enterprises over the period of 2005 to 2016. The empirical evidence provided by this paper indicates that government subsidy has a significant negative impact on the financial strength, which means that the state-owned enterprises are difficult to manage the company independently if the government continues to provide subsidies or additional capital. This study also found that strategic profitability has a significant positive impact on the financial strength, which means there are opportunities for management to perform profitability practice of earnings management as strategic to enhance the level of financial strength of the company. However, capital structure is strengthening the relations of ‘government subs...

Bridging and bonding: having a Muslim diversity on corporate boards and firm performance

Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the demographic diversity at top-level management and its impac... more PurposeThis paper aims to examine the demographic diversity at top-level management and its impact on the performance of Malaysian-listed companies. In addition, Muslim diversity on corporate boards is examined. Design/methodology/approachAlthough many organisations aspire to be socially diverse, diversity’s consequences for organisational performance remain unclear. This study specifies the whole distinct mechanism and measures it independently, bridging as the demographic diversity among the board of directors (BODs) and bonding as the firm’s financial performance. To maintain the homogeneity factor, the empirical analysis has been confined to 12 fully fledged sectors and 529 Malaysian listed firms out of 798 firms selected on the basis of judgmental sampling during the period of 2013. The paper applies the correlation matrix and linear regression model to justify this phenomenon. FindingsThe empirical findings suggest that gender diversity (Muslim and Non-Muslim women) is positiv...

Contextualizing comprehensive board diversity and firm financial performance: Integrating market, management and shareholder’s perspective

Journal of Management & Organization, 2018

The study investigates demographic diversity, cognitive diversity and internal diversity within I... more The study investigates demographic diversity, cognitive diversity and internal diversity within Islam among top-level management of firms and their impacts on the financial performance of Malaysian-listed companies. In addition, Muslim and non-Muslim women and Islamic religious diversity on corporate boards are investigated. Even though numerous organisations desire to be socially diverse, the significance of diversity for organisational performance remains uncertain. Are profitable companies inclined to improve board diversity or do other characteristics of the company contribute to firm performance? Does the participation of Muslim and non-Muslim women on corporate boards affect firm performance? Does internal diversity within Islam affect firm performance? Data from 330 Malaysian-listed companies in eleven full fledged sectors were used for the period from 2009 to 2013. This study employed econometrics methodology from panel data analysis to fill the research gap in the current m...

Exploring the effects of corporate governance and human governance on management commentary disclosure

Social Responsibility Journal, 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of corporate governance and huma... more PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of corporate governance and human governance on management commentary disclosure among Malaysian Public Listed in the Main Market, Bursa Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachThe annual reports of 150 companies listed on the main market, Bursa Malaysia, for the year ended 2014, are examined to analyze the company’s management commentary disclosure using content analysis. A management commentary disclosure index was developed based on the five elements that had been established by the Malaysian Accounting Standards Board (MASB) in Practices of Management Commentary’s framework. The study considers four corporate governance mechanisms such as board composition, board size, board’s education and ownership structure. Structural equation modeling (SEM -PLS), partial least squares (PLS) and SmartPLS software were used to measure the impact of corporate governance and human capital on management commentary disclosure.FindingsTh...

Diversity on Corporate Boards and Firm Performance: An Empirical Evidence from Malaysia

American Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2017

This study examines the relationship between gender diversity among corporate board and firms’ fi... more This study examines the relationship between gender diversity among corporate board and firms’ financial performance using 100 non-financial companies in Malaysia. This study uses data from 2009 to 2013. Return on equity measures the financial performance. Gender diversity measured by the number of females on board. This study incorporates descriptive statistics, correlation testing, and regression analysis. However, the results of gender diversity have a positive impact on performance (ROE).

Does Corporate Diversity Really Matter in the Plantation Sector? Empirical Evidence from a World Islamic Leading Country and Market Reaction

International Journal of Financial Studies, 2017

The paper examines demographic and cognitive diversity at top-level management and its impact on ... more The paper examines demographic and cognitive diversity at top-level management and its impact on the performance of Malaysian-listed companies (Plantation and Energy Sectors). Although many organisations aspire to be socially diverse, diversity's consequences for organisational performance remain unclear. Do profitable firms tend to enhance board diversity or other attributes of the firm that contribute towards the firm's financial performance? This study specifies the whole distinct mechanism and measures it independently; bridging as the demographic and cognitive diversity among the board of directors (BODs) and bonding as the firm's financial performance. To maintain the homogeneity factor, empirical analysis is confined to two fully-fledged sectors and 125 Malaysian listed firms out of 798 firms selected on the basis of judgmental sampling during the period of 2009 to 2013. The paper applies econometrics methodology on panel data analysis and the correlation matrix to justify this phenomenon. The paper attempts to fill the gap in the existing literature, discuss the empirically diverse corporate boards with the interaction approach and its impact on firm performance (a) gender diversity and foreign participation (b) gender diversity and ethnic diversity. The empirical findings suggest that both demographic and cognitive diversity are significant predictors of a firm's financial performance. Hence, the companies specifically belonging to plantation and energy sectors are more responsible for promoting diversity among top-level management.

Demographic diversity and firm value: A review on large companies using panel data approach

2015 International Symposium on Technology Management and Emerging Technologies (ISTMET), 2015

This paper examines the demographic diversity at top-level management and its impact on firm perf... more This paper examines the demographic diversity at top-level management and its impact on firm performance. The paper focuses on Upper-echelon theory, which explains board characteristics and firm performance. Theoretical framework is specially designed using concepts, measures and models. Relevant hypotheses are developed to test diversity impact with the use of appropriate variables and measures. A total sample of large 60 top listed companies are considered based on their market capitalization. This empirical work uses BODs attributes and financial data, which are gathered over the period 2009 to 2013. This study incorporates econometrics methodology on panel data analysis, which is used rigorously for hypothesis testing. The results indicate that demographic diversity at board level does have a relationship with market value.

Application of Six-Sigma for Process Improvement in Manufacturing Industries: A Case Study-FORTHCOMING

International Business Management

This is an era of quality management and quality is a parameter for the selection of a product or... more This is an era of quality management and quality is a parameter for the selection of a product or service because the customer wants a defects free product or service. Six Sigma is a quality improvement approach that aims to reduce the number of defects up to 3.4 parts per million. In the last three decades, it helped several companies to enhance the capability of their processes and to increase the level of quality of their product or service. This case-study based research deals with application of DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control) methodology of Six Sigma to reduce the machine downtime for process improvement. The tools and techniques used during the analysis are Process Mapping (SIPOC Diagram), Process Flow Chart, Process Capability Analysis, Histogram, Pareto Chart, Pie Chart, Cause and Effect Diagram, Brainstorming, Affinity Diagram and ANOVA. The results of this study show that sigma value has improved from 2.79 Sigma to 2.85 Sigma. This study also highlit...

Gender Diversity on Boards and Market Performance: An Empirical Investigation on Malaysian Listed Companies

The lack of women participation on boards becomes an important issue recently, which in turn rele... more The lack of women participation on boards becomes an important issue recently, which in turn relects gender diversity in the top management. This study attempts to examine the efect of gender diversity among corporate boards on market value. Theoretical framework is specially designed using concepts, measures and models. A total sample of large 565 companies is considered based on their market capitalization. The largest sectors are trading/services, inance and industrial products. This study incorporates descriptive statistics, ANOVA, correlation testing and regression analysis. The results indicate that women participation does have a relationship with increasing market value.

Shipper’s perceptions of aviation Logistics Service Quality (LSQ) of air freight provider

This research investigates logistics service quality of the air freight provider from a shipper&#... more This research investigates logistics service quality of the air freight provider from a shipper's perspective in Malaysia. The multiple empirical case studies are used to collect data from the shipper's perspective. Findings suggest there are five main factors that represent air freight service quality of the air freight provider. They are ground handler attitude, fast delivery, communication and information sharing, product reliability and price. These findings contribute to the current theory of Logistics Service Quality (LSQ) with specifically enhance our understanding of air freight service quality. These findings contribute to the current theory of air freight service quality where it is still underdeveloped. This research studies LSQ from shippers perspective only. Findings from this study has developed better our current understanding of logistics service, particularly in air freight sector. Thus, this study is pioneer that offers a study on LSQ in air freight perspec...

The Role of Access to Finance, Relational Capabilities and the Component of Strategic Orientations on SMEs Performance in Nigeria: A Pilot Study

The objective of this study is to explore and confirm the validity and reliability of the measure... more The objective of this study is to explore and confirm the validity and reliability of the measurement instrument to determine the role of access to financing, relational capabilities and component of strategic orientations on SMEs performance in Nigeria. SMEs performance is paramount due to their significant contribution to employment and GDP. The issue of non-performance of SMEs and lack of empirical evidence on the role of strategic orientations on SMEs performance in emerging countries particularly Nigeria motivated the study. Therefore, confirming the validity and reliability of the measurement items will remove doubts regarding the applicability and suitability of the instrument in another context. It will also stand as the guide for full scale research. The study employed a survey approach and collected 33 useable questionnaires from SMEs in Kano-based on systematic random sampling technique. The model examined five factors as a determinant of SMEs performance in Nigeria. Hen...

Blockchain technology and gender equality: A systematic literature review

International Journal of Information Management

The Critical Success Factors for the Use of Information Systems and Its Impact on the Organizational Performance

Objective An enthusiastic, adaptive and fast-learning person with a broad and acute interest in c... more

E-Commerce and SME Performance: The Moderating Influence of Entrepreneurial Competencies

Administrative Sciences, 2022

This research aims to examine the mediating role of the use of the e-commerce and moderating infl... more This research aims to examine the mediating role of the use of the e-commerce and moderating influence of entrepreneurial competencies on the performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The study data were collected via a structured questionnaire comprised of a seven-point Likert scale from practitioners serving at the top and middle-level positions in Pakistani SMEs. The Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) technique was applied on 250 useable returned questionnaires. The results showed that the association between the use of e-commerce and firm performance is positively significant. Moreover, the use of e-commerce mediates the positive association between technological readiness, adoption cost, and firm performance. However, the moderating role of entrepreneurial competencies does not appear as significant between the use of e-commerce and manufacturing SMEs’ performance. The present study is the first to explore entrepreneurial competencies as a m...

Different Approaches to Merchandise Trade Balance in Pakistan

The current study empirically examines the three major approaches to trade balance for Pakistan b... more The current study empirically examines the three major approaches to trade balance for Pakistan by utilizing the yearly data from 1972 to 2016. Monetary, elasticity, and absorption approaches were tested by developing a model that incorporates all three approaches. The significant contribution of the study is that it uses only the merchandise trade deficit account, which includes trade of only physical goods. The study used time-series data; therefore, variables have been tested for the stationarity, and it is found that there is a combination of I (0) and I (1) variables, so ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration has been employed to find the short run and long run associations among the variables. The bound test results discovered that there is a presence of stable long-term association among the merchandise trade deficit account, real broad money supply, real effective exchange rate, and real domestic absorption. The results further revealed that merchandise trade discrepancy is determined purely by the real effective exchange rate, which specifies that the exchange rate's devaluation increases the deficit in the long run whereas in the short-run increase in domestic absorption decreases the merchandise trade deficit.

Ethnic and Gender Diversity in Top Level Management and Firm Performance: Shareholder’s Perspectives

Journal of international women's studies, 2017

This study examines the relationship between demographic diversity in top management levels with ... more This study examines the relationship between demographic diversity in top management levels with a firms’ financial performance using 84 non-financial companies in Malaysia. Demographic diversity consists of ethnic diversity and gender diversity. The top management level includes both the top management team and the board of directors. This study uses data from 2008 to 2012. Return on assets measures the financial performance. Ethnic and gender diversity measured by the number of Non-Malays and the number of females in top management respectively. This study incorporates descriptive statistics, correlation testing, and regression analysis. The results show that ethnic diversity in the top management team as well as in a board of directors has no impact on firm performance (ROE). However, the results of gender diversity have a positive impact on performance (ROE) in both perspectives (TMTs and BODs).

Deep Image Restoration Model: A Defense Method Against Adversarial Attacks

Computers, Materials & Continua, 2022

These days, deep learning and computer vision are much-growing fields in this modern world of inf... more These days, deep learning and computer vision are much-growing fields in this modern world of information technology. Deep learning algorithms and computer vision have achieved great success in different applications like image classification, speech recognition, self-driving vehicles, disease diagnostics, and many more. Despite success in various applications, it is found that these learning algorithms face severe threats due to adversarial attacks. Adversarial examples are inputs like images in the computer vision field, which are intentionally slightly changed or perturbed. These changes are humanly imperceptible. But are misclassified by a model with high probability and severely affects the performance or prediction. In this scenario, we present a deep image restoration model that restores adversarial examples so that the target model is classified correctly again. We proved that our defense method against adversarial attacks based on a deep image restoration model is simple and state-of-the-art by providing strong experimental results evidence. We have used MNIST and CIFAR10 datasets for experiments and analysis of our defense method. In the end, we have compared our method to other state-ofthe-art defense methods and proved that our results are better than other rival methods.

Bridging and Bonding: How Gender Diversity Influence Organizational Performance

Global Business and Management Research: An International Journal, 2017

Purpose: This paper shed light on this diversity at board level topic by conceptualizing the rela... more Purpose: This paper shed light on this diversity at board level topic by conceptualizing the relationships as firm value and diverse board. Design/methodology/approach: Reasonable theoretical arguments drawn from Upper-echelon theory and agency theory suggest that board characteristics (gender diversity) may have either a positive, negative, or a neutral effect on the firm value. Bridging as gender diversity and Bonding has firm performance. To investigate this phenomenon relevant hypotheses are developed to test diversity at board level and its impact on firm value with the use of appropriate variables and measures. For this empirical work, the board of directors attributes and financial data used over the period 2009 to 2013. A total sample of large 60 top Malaysian listed companies is selected on the basis of their market capitalization. This study incorporates econometrics methodology on panel data analysis, which is used rigorously for hypothesis testing. Findings: The study revealed that Gender diversity has no significant impact on firm value. The results indicate that demographic diversity at board level does have a relationship with market value. Originality/value: Many governments seek to impose diversity in the boardroom, but the consequences of doing so are inconsistent and could decrease firm performance and economies. While extensive literature exists on diversity issues, this issue is still under debate and inconsistent results. Furthermore, there is a need to investigate this problem in a more holistic way and with rigorous statistical estimation. The paper attempts to fill the gap in the existing literature, discuss the empirically diverse corporate boards and impact on the firm performance. Introduction One of the vital issues for corporate boards of listed firms are its board composition. Corporate board is considered to be balanced if its board members come from various backgrounds, which benefits it to perform more effectively. Developing societal, political and cultural views at top

Online Islamic business enhancer tool (OIBET) for young entrepreneurs

To date, many developing countries and Muslim nations those existing in poverty are incapable of ... more To date, many developing countries and Muslim nations those existing in poverty are incapable of contributing in local and international markets due to the lack of digitalisation knowledge, entrepreneurial skills and complete absence of supportive from Government institutions. For digitalisation enhancing innovations in developing countries and poverty presents unique challenges. E-commerce in layman&#39;s term refers to the activity of buying and selling over the Internet. Many young entrepreneurs and individual Islamic businesses have a website set up to catch up to technology and to advertise or promote their products. However, young entrepreneurs do not employ an e-commerce solution. This paper aims to develop simplicity to create an e-commerce store to allow and to sell products over the Internet. In addition, young entrepreneurship development from an Islamic perspective. The proposed solution includes extracting the product information available to the user and then set up a generic secure e-commerce prototype aim to store information from existing non-e-commerce website selling products. The prototype designed in this provides standard features of a common online store, shopping cart and payment solutions. A mobile version of the online store is also designed for further easing the process of purchasing products for the customer as mobile computing is on the rise and people are getting more and more reliable on their smartphone to perform various tasks. This paper emphasises the need for young entrepreneurs to understand digitalisation as an integral part of the dynamic business sustainability nexus and the new global business equation. The proposed tool is helpful for the government, policymaker, potential young entrepreneurs and others existing entrepreneurs of Muslim countries, Islamic scholars and academicians.

Framing Twitter Public Sentiment on Nigerian Government COVID-19 Palliatives Distribution Using Machine Learning

Sustainability, 2021

Sustainable development plays a vital role in information and communication technology. In times ... more Sustainable development plays a vital role in information and communication technology. In times of pandemics such as COVID-19, vulnerable people need help to survive. This help includes the distribution of relief packages and materials by the government with the primary objective of lessening the economic and psychological effects on the citizens affected by disasters such as the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there has not been an efficient way to monitor public funds’ accountability and transparency, especially in developing countries such as Nigeria. The understanding of public emotions by the government on distributed palliatives is important as it would indicate the reach and impact of the distribution exercise. Although several studies on English emotion classification have been conducted, these studies are not portable to a wider inclusive Nigerian case. This is because Informal Nigerian English (Pidgin), which Nigerians widely speak, has quite a different vocabulary from Stand...

Government subsidy, strategic profitability and its impact on financial performance: empirical evidence from Indonesia

Investment Management and Financial Innovations, 2017

This paper examines the moderating impact of capital structure on the relationship between govern... more This paper examines the moderating impact of capital structure on the relationship between government subsidy, strategic profitability and financial strength of state-owned enterprises in Indonesia. A purposive sampling is used and data were collected from seven state-owned enterprises over the period of 2005 to 2016. The empirical evidence provided by this paper indicates that government subsidy has a significant negative impact on the financial strength, which means that the state-owned enterprises are difficult to manage the company independently if the government continues to provide subsidies or additional capital. This study also found that strategic profitability has a significant positive impact on the financial strength, which means there are opportunities for management to perform profitability practice of earnings management as strategic to enhance the level of financial strength of the company. However, capital structure is strengthening the relations of ‘government subs...

Bridging and bonding: having a Muslim diversity on corporate boards and firm performance

Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the demographic diversity at top-level management and its impac... more PurposeThis paper aims to examine the demographic diversity at top-level management and its impact on the performance of Malaysian-listed companies. In addition, Muslim diversity on corporate boards is examined. Design/methodology/approachAlthough many organisations aspire to be socially diverse, diversity’s consequences for organisational performance remain unclear. This study specifies the whole distinct mechanism and measures it independently, bridging as the demographic diversity among the board of directors (BODs) and bonding as the firm’s financial performance. To maintain the homogeneity factor, the empirical analysis has been confined to 12 fully fledged sectors and 529 Malaysian listed firms out of 798 firms selected on the basis of judgmental sampling during the period of 2013. The paper applies the correlation matrix and linear regression model to justify this phenomenon. FindingsThe empirical findings suggest that gender diversity (Muslim and Non-Muslim women) is positiv...

Contextualizing comprehensive board diversity and firm financial performance: Integrating market, management and shareholder’s perspective

Journal of Management & Organization, 2018

The study investigates demographic diversity, cognitive diversity and internal diversity within I... more The study investigates demographic diversity, cognitive diversity and internal diversity within Islam among top-level management of firms and their impacts on the financial performance of Malaysian-listed companies. In addition, Muslim and non-Muslim women and Islamic religious diversity on corporate boards are investigated. Even though numerous organisations desire to be socially diverse, the significance of diversity for organisational performance remains uncertain. Are profitable companies inclined to improve board diversity or do other characteristics of the company contribute to firm performance? Does the participation of Muslim and non-Muslim women on corporate boards affect firm performance? Does internal diversity within Islam affect firm performance? Data from 330 Malaysian-listed companies in eleven full fledged sectors were used for the period from 2009 to 2013. This study employed econometrics methodology from panel data analysis to fill the research gap in the current m...

Exploring the effects of corporate governance and human governance on management commentary disclosure

Social Responsibility Journal, 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of corporate governance and huma... more PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of corporate governance and human governance on management commentary disclosure among Malaysian Public Listed in the Main Market, Bursa Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachThe annual reports of 150 companies listed on the main market, Bursa Malaysia, for the year ended 2014, are examined to analyze the company’s management commentary disclosure using content analysis. A management commentary disclosure index was developed based on the five elements that had been established by the Malaysian Accounting Standards Board (MASB) in Practices of Management Commentary’s framework. The study considers four corporate governance mechanisms such as board composition, board size, board’s education and ownership structure. Structural equation modeling (SEM -PLS), partial least squares (PLS) and SmartPLS software were used to measure the impact of corporate governance and human capital on management commentary disclosure.FindingsTh...

Diversity on Corporate Boards and Firm Performance: An Empirical Evidence from Malaysia

American Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2017

This study examines the relationship between gender diversity among corporate board and firms’ fi... more This study examines the relationship between gender diversity among corporate board and firms’ financial performance using 100 non-financial companies in Malaysia. This study uses data from 2009 to 2013. Return on equity measures the financial performance. Gender diversity measured by the number of females on board. This study incorporates descriptive statistics, correlation testing, and regression analysis. However, the results of gender diversity have a positive impact on performance (ROE).

Does Corporate Diversity Really Matter in the Plantation Sector? Empirical Evidence from a World Islamic Leading Country and Market Reaction

International Journal of Financial Studies, 2017

The paper examines demographic and cognitive diversity at top-level management and its impact on ... more The paper examines demographic and cognitive diversity at top-level management and its impact on the performance of Malaysian-listed companies (Plantation and Energy Sectors). Although many organisations aspire to be socially diverse, diversity's consequences for organisational performance remain unclear. Do profitable firms tend to enhance board diversity or other attributes of the firm that contribute towards the firm's financial performance? This study specifies the whole distinct mechanism and measures it independently; bridging as the demographic and cognitive diversity among the board of directors (BODs) and bonding as the firm's financial performance. To maintain the homogeneity factor, empirical analysis is confined to two fully-fledged sectors and 125 Malaysian listed firms out of 798 firms selected on the basis of judgmental sampling during the period of 2009 to 2013. The paper applies econometrics methodology on panel data analysis and the correlation matrix to justify this phenomenon. The paper attempts to fill the gap in the existing literature, discuss the empirically diverse corporate boards with the interaction approach and its impact on firm performance (a) gender diversity and foreign participation (b) gender diversity and ethnic diversity. The empirical findings suggest that both demographic and cognitive diversity are significant predictors of a firm's financial performance. Hence, the companies specifically belonging to plantation and energy sectors are more responsible for promoting diversity among top-level management.

Demographic diversity and firm value: A review on large companies using panel data approach

2015 International Symposium on Technology Management and Emerging Technologies (ISTMET), 2015

This paper examines the demographic diversity at top-level management and its impact on firm perf... more This paper examines the demographic diversity at top-level management and its impact on firm performance. The paper focuses on Upper-echelon theory, which explains board characteristics and firm performance. Theoretical framework is specially designed using concepts, measures and models. Relevant hypotheses are developed to test diversity impact with the use of appropriate variables and measures. A total sample of large 60 top listed companies are considered based on their market capitalization. This empirical work uses BODs attributes and financial data, which are gathered over the period 2009 to 2013. This study incorporates econometrics methodology on panel data analysis, which is used rigorously for hypothesis testing. The results indicate that demographic diversity at board level does have a relationship with market value.

Application of Six-Sigma for Process Improvement in Manufacturing Industries: A Case Study-FORTHCOMING

International Business Management

This is an era of quality management and quality is a parameter for the selection of a product or... more This is an era of quality management and quality is a parameter for the selection of a product or service because the customer wants a defects free product or service. Six Sigma is a quality improvement approach that aims to reduce the number of defects up to 3.4 parts per million. In the last three decades, it helped several companies to enhance the capability of their processes and to increase the level of quality of their product or service. This case-study based research deals with application of DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control) methodology of Six Sigma to reduce the machine downtime for process improvement. The tools and techniques used during the analysis are Process Mapping (SIPOC Diagram), Process Flow Chart, Process Capability Analysis, Histogram, Pareto Chart, Pie Chart, Cause and Effect Diagram, Brainstorming, Affinity Diagram and ANOVA. The results of this study show that sigma value has improved from 2.79 Sigma to 2.85 Sigma. This study also highlit...

Gender Diversity on Boards and Market Performance: An Empirical Investigation on Malaysian Listed Companies

The lack of women participation on boards becomes an important issue recently, which in turn rele... more The lack of women participation on boards becomes an important issue recently, which in turn relects gender diversity in the top management. This study attempts to examine the efect of gender diversity among corporate boards on market value. Theoretical framework is specially designed using concepts, measures and models. A total sample of large 565 companies is considered based on their market capitalization. The largest sectors are trading/services, inance and industrial products. This study incorporates descriptive statistics, ANOVA, correlation testing and regression analysis. The results indicate that women participation does have a relationship with increasing market value.