Recently, the culture of the giant freshwater prawn,Macrobrachium rosenbergii is growing in India... more Recently, the culture of the giant freshwater prawn,Macrobrachium rosenbergii is growing in India and also West Bengalinspecific, owing to its comparatively fast growth rate, great market, and export demand. The currentresearch on parasitic diseases in freshwater prawns has got less consideration compared topenaeid prawns. The present study on Macrobrachium rosenbergii from coastal West Bengalencountered 14 species of parasites. Among the protozoan parasites, Zoothamniumsp., Epistylissp., Vorticellasp,and a suctorian Acinetasp., the most commonly observed were ciliate infections which occurred as epibiont on gills and appendages of the host.The invasion of peritrich ciliate infestations in prawnscan affect normal physiological behavior like respiration, feeding, growth, and even the survival rate. In the currentstudy, parasitic infections were pragmaticduring the year (2022-23), we also concentrated on some physical parameters like pH, Temperature (˚C), and salinity (ppt), variations of these parameters will affect the larval growth rate and survival rate in hatchery system.Developing the right kind of intervention andmanagement practice can prevent the adverse impact of diseases and assist poor farmers in sustainableproduction.
Daphnia magna, a freshwater zooplankton organism, is a sustainable alternative to Artemia nauplii... more Daphnia magna, a freshwater zooplankton organism, is a sustainable alternative to Artemia nauplii for feeding fish larvae. Artemia nauplii have been used as a traditional live food source for juvenile fishes in aquaculture due to their high nutritional value and availability. However, concerns regarding the sustainability, cost, and environmental influence of Artemia nauplii cultivation have prompted the search for alternative live-food sources. Daphnia magna, with its inherent nutritional composition, ease of cultivation, and potential for mass production, holds promise as a viable alternative. Though there were slight differences in the adjacent alignment of Daphnia magna and Artemia nauplii. The relative examination of data on two individual live feeds showed that at the end of the 21-day experiment, that means survival rate of the juveniles of Pterophyllum scalare was high in Daphnia magna as compared to Artemia nauplii as a food source. Survival rates were achieved 85%-95% in three experiments with Daphnia magna as food compared to 74%-79% with Artemia nauplii. The highest values (5.44 %, 5.65 %, and 5.80%) in particular growth rates were also obtained in three different experiments where the Daphnia magna is used as fed. The cost of production of Daphnia magna as food per gram is much less compared to that of Artemia nauplii.
... of antibiotics and disinfectants in the freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) farms of... more ... of antibiotics and disinfectants in the freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) farms of north and south 24 Parganas districts of West Bengal Monjit Paul 1 , Mukti Chanda 1 , Joydev Maity 2 , Supriya Sen Gupta 1 , Bidhan Chandra Patra 3 , Gadadhar Dash 4 1 Department ...
... Ornamental fish goldfish,Carassius auratusand related parasites in three districts of West Be... more ... Ornamental fish goldfish,Carassius auratusand related parasites in three districts of West Bengal, India Mukti Chanda 1 , Monjit Paul 1 , Joydev Maity 2 , Gadadhar Dash 3 , Supriya Sen Gupta 1 , Bidhan Chandra Patra 4 1 Department of Industrial Fish and Fisheries, Asutosh ...
... Histopathological changes in Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings to various acclimation tempe... more ... Histopathological changes in Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings to various acclimation temperatures Gadadhar Dash 1 , Prathistha Yonzone 1 , Mukti Chanda 2 , Monjit Paul 2 1 Department of Fish Pathology, Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Fishery Sciences ...
Abstract Wetlands are the most important ecosystems for the organisms in Animal Kingdom (includin... more Abstract Wetlands are the most important ecosystems for the organisms in Animal Kingdom (including human beings) and Plant Kingdom. There are about hundred species of flora in and around Indian Wetlands. They include Sagittaria montividensis, Cryptocoryne ciliata, ...
Wetlands are the most important ecosystems for the organisms in Animal Kingdom (including human b... more Wetlands are the most important ecosystems for the organisms in Animal Kingdom (including human beings) and Plant Kingdom. There are about hundred species of flora in and around Indian Wetlands. They include Sagittaria montividensis, Cryptocoryne ciliata, Cyperus spp., Acrostichum aureum, Ipomoea aquatica, etc. They are also the habitats of several mammals like the marsh mongoose, small Indian mongoose, palm civet and the small Indian civet. Endangered species like the Indian mud turtle have also been found in the wetlands. Certain species of birds also visit the wetlands. Prominent ones are grebe, coot, darter, shag, cormorant, teals, egrets, jacanas, snipes, tern, eagle, sand piper, gulls, rails and kingfishers. The wetlands are important for production of foods and human safety. The East Kolkata wetlands with their garbage farms and fishponds have provided the city with three facilities, i.e., food, sanitation and livelihood. They also provide ecological security to the city of Kolkata. Over the past few years, wetlands have come under severe threat. With the population explosion, some of the largest fish farms have been converted from pisiculture to paddy cultivation. Industries also empty their wastewater effluent without treatment to the channels flowing eastward and these ultimately land up in the wetlands. This has caused substantial amount of deposits of metal in the canal sludge and made the wastewater incapable for the consumption by the fishes and the plants grown in the wetland. Nevertheless, due to urbanization or human interference, the wetland and its unique ecosystem biodiversity are in danger. After Ramsar Convention, 1971, different acts have been passed in India for conservation of wetlands, along with conducting general awareness program for the local people by the government, conducting different programs, management of wetlands, and research by the government, NGOs and other institutions.
Keywords: Biodiversity hotspots, East Kolkata wetlands, management of wetlands, problems of wetlands, wetlands in India, wetland conservation.
Background: Histopathological changes induced by a rise in the acclimation temperature in advance... more Background: Histopathological changes induced by a rise in the acclimation temperature in advanced Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings were studied to understand their adaptive ability to thermal changes. The histopathological changes in relation to the thermal changes have been widely used as bioparameters in the evaluation of fish health. Materials and Methods: The six experimental temperatures that the fishes were exposed to were 32, 34, 36, 38, and 40ºC for a period of 30 days each. The fishes kept at an ambient temperature of 29.31.5ºC were used as control. The major organs studied were gills, liver, kidney, and heart. No specific alterations were observed at control, 32, and 34ºC. The organs were sampled at the end of 30 days exposure and histopathological changes of different organs were examined. Result and discussion: Different organs (gill, liver. Kidney and heart) show different histopathological changes in higher temperatures. However, adaptive and degenerative changes were found to occur at the higher temperatures of 36, 38, and 40ºC. Conclusions: Changes of temperature can be tolerated by the fishes and it brings about adaptive physiological changes to compensate the effects of temperature. Significance: The study was helpful; to understand the adaptive mechanisms used by fishes with changes of environmental temperatures.
The lucrative business of ornamental fish culture in West Bengal (Mainly in three districts-Howra... more The lucrative business of ornamental fish culture in West Bengal (Mainly in three districts-Howrah, North and South 24 Parganas) are facing loses due to the invasion of different ecto- and endo-parasites. The present study shows that the ornamental fish (Goldfish - Carassius auratus) are mainly affected with ecto-parasites like Ichthyophthirius sp., Dactylogyrus sp., Gyrodactylus sp., Argulus sp. and endo-parasites like Procamallanus sp. and Cucullanus sp. The intensity of infection is high in case of Ichthyophthirius sp. and the intensity of the infection is high in summer months when the temperature is high or moderately high. In cooler months the intensity of the infection is lower as because the parasites are unable to breed or scarcity of food particles.
The freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) farms and hatcheries of north and south 24 Parga... more The freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) farms and hatcheries of north and south 24 Parganas districts in West Bengal were surveyed for the details of antibiotics and disinfectants used for controlling the prawn diseases and pathogens. During the survey, 4antibiotics and four 4disinfectants were found to be used commonly by the farmers during a 12-month period of study. The chemicals used in the culture systems as antibiotics or disinfectants for the culture water, tanks, other utensils, and others have serious health hazards for both the cultured prawns and human beings. The study also indicates no herbal medicines, and probiotics are being used in prawn farms.
The occurrence of different freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) parasites, found during ... more The occurrence of different freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) parasites, found during the period from April to August 2007, was investigated in different freshwater wetlands of north and south 24 Parganas districts of West Bengal state in India. Eleven parasites – Zoothamnium, Epistylis, Gregarina, Amphileptus, Dileptus, Myxobolus, Chilodonella, Balladyna, Gozia, Rhabdochona, Indocucullanus, Procamallanus and Cucullanus – were found after examining 1,000 specimens of Macrobrachium rosenbergii of different-sized groups. The highest prevalence of the parasites was recorded in the size group of 81–85 mm and 136–140 mm. The intensity of ectoparasitic infection was observed to be high with an increase in size. The gills and the surface of the body were mostly infected. Endoparasites were found in the intestinal part, and mostly due to poor raw foods given to the prawns as their diets. The parasites get more shelter and space for them. The highest intensity of those parasites was found in the month of August due to favourable autumnal conditions, with little rain and favourable breeding time of the parasites. Stressed and weak prawns are more vulnerable to infestation under adverse environmental conditions.
Recently, the culture of the giant freshwater prawn,Macrobrachium rosenbergii is growing in India... more Recently, the culture of the giant freshwater prawn,Macrobrachium rosenbergii is growing in India and also West Bengalinspecific, owing to its comparatively fast growth rate, great market, and export demand. The currentresearch on parasitic diseases in freshwater prawns has got less consideration compared topenaeid prawns. The present study on Macrobrachium rosenbergii from coastal West Bengalencountered 14 species of parasites. Among the protozoan parasites, Zoothamniumsp., Epistylissp., Vorticellasp,and a suctorian Acinetasp., the most commonly observed were ciliate infections which occurred as epibiont on gills and appendages of the host.The invasion of peritrich ciliate infestations in prawnscan affect normal physiological behavior like respiration, feeding, growth, and even the survival rate. In the currentstudy, parasitic infections were pragmaticduring the year (2022-23), we also concentrated on some physical parameters like pH, Temperature (˚C), and salinity (ppt), variations of these parameters will affect the larval growth rate and survival rate in hatchery system.Developing the right kind of intervention andmanagement practice can prevent the adverse impact of diseases and assist poor farmers in sustainableproduction.
Daphnia magna, a freshwater zooplankton organism, is a sustainable alternative to Artemia nauplii... more Daphnia magna, a freshwater zooplankton organism, is a sustainable alternative to Artemia nauplii for feeding fish larvae. Artemia nauplii have been used as a traditional live food source for juvenile fishes in aquaculture due to their high nutritional value and availability. However, concerns regarding the sustainability, cost, and environmental influence of Artemia nauplii cultivation have prompted the search for alternative live-food sources. Daphnia magna, with its inherent nutritional composition, ease of cultivation, and potential for mass production, holds promise as a viable alternative. Though there were slight differences in the adjacent alignment of Daphnia magna and Artemia nauplii. The relative examination of data on two individual live feeds showed that at the end of the 21-day experiment, that means survival rate of the juveniles of Pterophyllum scalare was high in Daphnia magna as compared to Artemia nauplii as a food source. Survival rates were achieved 85%-95% in three experiments with Daphnia magna as food compared to 74%-79% with Artemia nauplii. The highest values (5.44 %, 5.65 %, and 5.80%) in particular growth rates were also obtained in three different experiments where the Daphnia magna is used as fed. The cost of production of Daphnia magna as food per gram is much less compared to that of Artemia nauplii.
... of antibiotics and disinfectants in the freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) farms of... more ... of antibiotics and disinfectants in the freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) farms of north and south 24 Parganas districts of West Bengal Monjit Paul 1 , Mukti Chanda 1 , Joydev Maity 2 , Supriya Sen Gupta 1 , Bidhan Chandra Patra 3 , Gadadhar Dash 4 1 Department ...
... Ornamental fish goldfish,Carassius auratusand related parasites in three districts of West Be... more ... Ornamental fish goldfish,Carassius auratusand related parasites in three districts of West Bengal, India Mukti Chanda 1 , Monjit Paul 1 , Joydev Maity 2 , Gadadhar Dash 3 , Supriya Sen Gupta 1 , Bidhan Chandra Patra 4 1 Department of Industrial Fish and Fisheries, Asutosh ...
... Histopathological changes in Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings to various acclimation tempe... more ... Histopathological changes in Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings to various acclimation temperatures Gadadhar Dash 1 , Prathistha Yonzone 1 , Mukti Chanda 2 , Monjit Paul 2 1 Department of Fish Pathology, Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Fishery Sciences ...
Abstract Wetlands are the most important ecosystems for the organisms in Animal Kingdom (includin... more Abstract Wetlands are the most important ecosystems for the organisms in Animal Kingdom (including human beings) and Plant Kingdom. There are about hundred species of flora in and around Indian Wetlands. They include Sagittaria montividensis, Cryptocoryne ciliata, ...
Wetlands are the most important ecosystems for the organisms in Animal Kingdom (including human b... more Wetlands are the most important ecosystems for the organisms in Animal Kingdom (including human beings) and Plant Kingdom. There are about hundred species of flora in and around Indian Wetlands. They include Sagittaria montividensis, Cryptocoryne ciliata, Cyperus spp., Acrostichum aureum, Ipomoea aquatica, etc. They are also the habitats of several mammals like the marsh mongoose, small Indian mongoose, palm civet and the small Indian civet. Endangered species like the Indian mud turtle have also been found in the wetlands. Certain species of birds also visit the wetlands. Prominent ones are grebe, coot, darter, shag, cormorant, teals, egrets, jacanas, snipes, tern, eagle, sand piper, gulls, rails and kingfishers. The wetlands are important for production of foods and human safety. The East Kolkata wetlands with their garbage farms and fishponds have provided the city with three facilities, i.e., food, sanitation and livelihood. They also provide ecological security to the city of Kolkata. Over the past few years, wetlands have come under severe threat. With the population explosion, some of the largest fish farms have been converted from pisiculture to paddy cultivation. Industries also empty their wastewater effluent without treatment to the channels flowing eastward and these ultimately land up in the wetlands. This has caused substantial amount of deposits of metal in the canal sludge and made the wastewater incapable for the consumption by the fishes and the plants grown in the wetland. Nevertheless, due to urbanization or human interference, the wetland and its unique ecosystem biodiversity are in danger. After Ramsar Convention, 1971, different acts have been passed in India for conservation of wetlands, along with conducting general awareness program for the local people by the government, conducting different programs, management of wetlands, and research by the government, NGOs and other institutions.
Keywords: Biodiversity hotspots, East Kolkata wetlands, management of wetlands, problems of wetlands, wetlands in India, wetland conservation.
Background: Histopathological changes induced by a rise in the acclimation temperature in advance... more Background: Histopathological changes induced by a rise in the acclimation temperature in advanced Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings were studied to understand their adaptive ability to thermal changes. The histopathological changes in relation to the thermal changes have been widely used as bioparameters in the evaluation of fish health. Materials and Methods: The six experimental temperatures that the fishes were exposed to were 32, 34, 36, 38, and 40ºC for a period of 30 days each. The fishes kept at an ambient temperature of 29.31.5ºC were used as control. The major organs studied were gills, liver, kidney, and heart. No specific alterations were observed at control, 32, and 34ºC. The organs were sampled at the end of 30 days exposure and histopathological changes of different organs were examined. Result and discussion: Different organs (gill, liver. Kidney and heart) show different histopathological changes in higher temperatures. However, adaptive and degenerative changes were found to occur at the higher temperatures of 36, 38, and 40ºC. Conclusions: Changes of temperature can be tolerated by the fishes and it brings about adaptive physiological changes to compensate the effects of temperature. Significance: The study was helpful; to understand the adaptive mechanisms used by fishes with changes of environmental temperatures.
The lucrative business of ornamental fish culture in West Bengal (Mainly in three districts-Howra... more The lucrative business of ornamental fish culture in West Bengal (Mainly in three districts-Howrah, North and South 24 Parganas) are facing loses due to the invasion of different ecto- and endo-parasites. The present study shows that the ornamental fish (Goldfish - Carassius auratus) are mainly affected with ecto-parasites like Ichthyophthirius sp., Dactylogyrus sp., Gyrodactylus sp., Argulus sp. and endo-parasites like Procamallanus sp. and Cucullanus sp. The intensity of infection is high in case of Ichthyophthirius sp. and the intensity of the infection is high in summer months when the temperature is high or moderately high. In cooler months the intensity of the infection is lower as because the parasites are unable to breed or scarcity of food particles.
The freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) farms and hatcheries of north and south 24 Parga... more The freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) farms and hatcheries of north and south 24 Parganas districts in West Bengal were surveyed for the details of antibiotics and disinfectants used for controlling the prawn diseases and pathogens. During the survey, 4antibiotics and four 4disinfectants were found to be used commonly by the farmers during a 12-month period of study. The chemicals used in the culture systems as antibiotics or disinfectants for the culture water, tanks, other utensils, and others have serious health hazards for both the cultured prawns and human beings. The study also indicates no herbal medicines, and probiotics are being used in prawn farms.
The occurrence of different freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) parasites, found during ... more The occurrence of different freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) parasites, found during the period from April to August 2007, was investigated in different freshwater wetlands of north and south 24 Parganas districts of West Bengal state in India. Eleven parasites – Zoothamnium, Epistylis, Gregarina, Amphileptus, Dileptus, Myxobolus, Chilodonella, Balladyna, Gozia, Rhabdochona, Indocucullanus, Procamallanus and Cucullanus – were found after examining 1,000 specimens of Macrobrachium rosenbergii of different-sized groups. The highest prevalence of the parasites was recorded in the size group of 81–85 mm and 136–140 mm. The intensity of ectoparasitic infection was observed to be high with an increase in size. The gills and the surface of the body were mostly infected. Endoparasites were found in the intestinal part, and mostly due to poor raw foods given to the prawns as their diets. The parasites get more shelter and space for them. The highest intensity of those parasites was found in the month of August due to favourable autumnal conditions, with little rain and favourable breeding time of the parasites. Stressed and weak prawns are more vulnerable to infestation under adverse environmental conditions.
Fishes and other aquatic organisms are invariable living components of water bodies. These organi... more Fishes and other aquatic organisms are invariable living components of water bodies. These organisms are important food resource and good indicators of the ecological health of the waters they inhabit. However, the rich biodiversity of the freshwater fish and other organisms of the Indian region has been rapidly dwindling because of increasing degradation of inland water. Out of a total of 2,500 species of fish in India, 930 are in fresh waters and belong to 326 genera, 99 families and 20 orders (Talwar and Jhingran 1991). However, current study deals with the checklist of fishes and non-fish found in West Bengal with their vernacular (Bengali names). List of the fishes and non-fish organisms found in West Bengal is as follows:
What is Bio Systematics? Biological systematics is the study of the diversification of living for... more What is Bio Systematics? Biological systematics is the study of the diversification of living forms, both past and present, and the relationships among living things through time. Relationships are visualized as evolutionary trees (synonyms: cladograms, phylogenetic trees, phylogenies). Phylogenies have two components: branching order (showing group relationships) and branch length (showing amount of evolution). Phylogenetic trees of species and higher taxa are used to study the evolution of traits (e.g., anatomical or molecular characteristics) and the distribution of organisms (biogeography). Systematics, in other words, is used to understand the evolutionary history of life on Earth.
Uploads
Papers by MONJIT PAUL
Keywords: Biodiversity hotspots, East Kolkata wetlands, management of wetlands, problems of wetlands, wetlands in India, wetland conservation.
tlands, wetlands in India, wetland conservation
districts in West Bengal were surveyed for the details of antibiotics and disinfectants used for controlling the
prawn diseases and pathogens. During the survey, 4antibiotics and four 4disinfectants were found to be used
commonly by the farmers during a 12-month period of study. The chemicals used in the culture systems as
antibiotics or disinfectants for the culture water, tanks, other utensils, and others have serious health hazards
for both the cultured prawns and human beings. The study also indicates no herbal medicines, and probiotics
are being used in prawn farms.
from April to August 2007, was investigated in different freshwater wetlands of north and south 24 Parganas
districts of West Bengal state in India. Eleven parasites – Zoothamnium, Epistylis, Gregarina, Amphileptus,
Dileptus, Myxobolus, Chilodonella, Balladyna, Gozia, Rhabdochona, Indocucullanus, Procamallanus and
Cucullanus – were found after examining 1,000 specimens of Macrobrachium rosenbergii of different-sized
groups. The highest prevalence of the parasites was recorded in the size group of 81–85 mm and 136–140
mm. The intensity of ectoparasitic infection was observed to be high with an increase in size. The gills and
the surface of the body were mostly infected. Endoparasites were found in the intestinal part, and mostly due
to poor raw foods given to the prawns as their diets. The parasites get more shelter and space for them. The
highest intensity of those parasites was found in the month of August due to favourable autumnal conditions,
with little rain and favourable breeding time of the parasites. Stressed and weak prawns are more vulnerable
to infestation under adverse environmental conditions.
Keywords: Biodiversity hotspots, East Kolkata wetlands, management of wetlands, problems of wetlands, wetlands in India, wetland conservation.
tlands, wetlands in India, wetland conservation
districts in West Bengal were surveyed for the details of antibiotics and disinfectants used for controlling the
prawn diseases and pathogens. During the survey, 4antibiotics and four 4disinfectants were found to be used
commonly by the farmers during a 12-month period of study. The chemicals used in the culture systems as
antibiotics or disinfectants for the culture water, tanks, other utensils, and others have serious health hazards
for both the cultured prawns and human beings. The study also indicates no herbal medicines, and probiotics
are being used in prawn farms.
from April to August 2007, was investigated in different freshwater wetlands of north and south 24 Parganas
districts of West Bengal state in India. Eleven parasites – Zoothamnium, Epistylis, Gregarina, Amphileptus,
Dileptus, Myxobolus, Chilodonella, Balladyna, Gozia, Rhabdochona, Indocucullanus, Procamallanus and
Cucullanus – were found after examining 1,000 specimens of Macrobrachium rosenbergii of different-sized
groups. The highest prevalence of the parasites was recorded in the size group of 81–85 mm and 136–140
mm. The intensity of ectoparasitic infection was observed to be high with an increase in size. The gills and
the surface of the body were mostly infected. Endoparasites were found in the intestinal part, and mostly due
to poor raw foods given to the prawns as their diets. The parasites get more shelter and space for them. The
highest intensity of those parasites was found in the month of August due to favourable autumnal conditions,
with little rain and favourable breeding time of the parasites. Stressed and weak prawns are more vulnerable
to infestation under adverse environmental conditions.