There are various means and methods available in the construction industry for the erection of br... more There are various means and methods available in the construction industry for the erection of bridges. The Cantilever Method is the most widely used erection method for the construction of the cable stayed brid analysis, the geometrical and boundary changes as well as the material properties changes must be considered. However, considerable stresses are produced due to the construction loads in the continuous structure. To determi forces, the initial equilibrium state for dead load at the final stage must be determined first. However, in order to obtain the desired cable force which satisfies the suitable range of displacement and member forces, the enginee numerous trial & error procedures. To find the cable pretension loads, the unit load method is used in this study. For verification, the Finite Element software (Midas Civil) is used to determine the cable forces using the functio Also the construction stage analysis for the cable stayed bridge is explained using software. Vario...
International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering, 2012
The development of a linear numerical model of flat-plate to predict shear stress distribution ar... more The development of a linear numerical model of flat-plate to predict shear stress distribution around slab column connection is presented in this paper. An attempt is made to model the slab, flexural reinforcement and shear reinforcement using three dimensional solid elements. The proposed finite element model has been proved to be capable of simulating the shear behavior of slab-column connection and to be suitable for analysis of structural performance of flat plate structures. Numerical results obtained from this model have good agreement with the available results of other researcher's numerical model with one dimensional rebar element.
IS: 800 code is the basic code for general construction in steel structures and the prime documen... more IS: 800 code is the basic code for general construction in steel structures and the prime document for any structural design and has influence on many other codes governing the design of other special steel structures. IS:8001984,furnished provisions, for designing the structures, mainly, by "Working Stress Method". Realizing the necessity to update the standard to the state of the art of the steel construction technology and economy, the current revision of the standard (IS:8002007) was undertaken. Earlier codes are silent in respect of design with respect to fatigue, corrosion, earthquake and durability etc, whereas in the present code careful revisions have been incorporated. In particular new code has advocated the design aspects with respect to fatigue, corrosion, earthquake and durability etc which place predominant role because of rattling forces created due to earthquake. The new code furnishes provisions, for designing the structures, mainly, by "Limit State Method of Design". An attempt here is made to explain the basic differences in the IS codes-old (IS:8001984) 4 and revised(IS:8002007).To reinforce the effect of the additional parameters included in the revised version, a steel elevated water tank is designed, using both the codes separately, and a conclusion is arrived at based on the sizes f the designed members. (For brevity the detailed design calculation are not given here.)An elevated water tank has been chosen because the structure involves the design of all type of members-struts, ties, columns, base plates and girder.
International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering
Portland cement is a highly energy intensive material. Therefore, considerable effort is being ma... more Portland cement is a highly energy intensive material. Therefore, considerable effort is being made to find substitutes for partial replacement of cement in concrete. This paper reports the results from experimental studies on the compressive strength and resistance to chloride ion penetration of concrete containing ternary blends of Portland cement, silica fume (SF) and wide range of fly ash (FA) Class C fly ash is used in this study in various proportions (i.e.) 30%, 40% and 50% and that of silica fume by 6% and 10% by weight of cement. The mix proportions of concrete had constant water binder ratios of 0.4 and super plasticizer was added based on the required degree of workability. The concrete specimens were cured on normal moist curing under normal room temperature. The compressive strength was determined at various ages and the resistance to chloride-ion penetration was measured at different ages up to 90 days. The results indicate that the concrete made with these proportions...
This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation carried out to evaluate the comp... more This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation carried out to evaluate the compressive strength of High Strength Concrete. High Strength Concrete is made by partial replacement of cement by fly ash (FA) and silica fume (SF). In this study the Class C fly ash used in various proportions 30%, 40% and 50% and that of silica fume by 6% and 10% by weight of cement. The mix proportions of concrete had a constant water binder ratio of 0.4 and super plasticizer was added based on the required degree of workability. The total binder content was 450 kg/m 3. The concrete specimens were cured on normal moist curing under normal atmospheric temperature. The compressive strength was determined at various ages up to 90 days. The results indicate the concrete made with these proportions generally show excellent fresh and hardened properties since the combination is somewhat synergistic. The addition of silica fume shows a early strength gaining property and that of fly ash shows a...
This study was aimed to minimize the use of natural river sand which is being used for several ye... more This study was aimed to minimize the use of natural river sand which is being used for several years in construction, and to utilize bottom ash from thermal power station as a partial replacement (30%, 60%, 100%) for fine aggregate. An experimental investigation has been carried out to find the compressive strength of the replaced eco-friendly green concrete with different curing methods. An equation recommended by ACI committee for conventional concrete was used to predict 56, 90 and 180 days compressive strength from 28 days compressive strength of the eco-friendly green (bottom ash) concrete that resulted with the difference between the experimental and predicted compressive strength to ± 12%. To minimize the percentage of difference, an empirical relationship was developed between the compressive strength of accelerated curing and normal curing (28, 56, 90, 180 days). It is concluded that empirical relationship predicts later age compressive strength with the minimum percentage ...
It is well known that concrete is characterized by its high compressive strength, yet its brittle... more It is well known that concrete is characterized by its high compressive strength, yet its brittle mode of failure is considered as a drawback of high strength concrete when it is subjected to impact and dynamic loads. This study aims to investigate the impact resistance of fibre reinforced concrete (FRC), incorporated with steel fibres at various dosages. For this, a drop weight test was performed on the 28 days cured plain and fibre reinforced concrete samples as per the testing procedure recommended by ACI committee 544. Crimped and hooked end steel fibre of length 50 mm and an aspect ratio equal to 50 was added to concrete in different proportions i.e. 0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% with water cement ratio of 0.42. From the test results, it was proved that the (FRC) was effective under the impact loads thus improving the impact resistance. Also, the reduction of strength under impact load in each specimen for every three blows was determined by ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) test. Furt...
Microbially induced concrete has emerged as an important area of research for high performance co... more Microbially induced concrete has emerged as an important area of research for high performance construction. This study examines the compressive strength, water absorption, Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) and rapid chloride permeability test (RCPT) of concrete that are influenced by bacteria isolated from three different places (cement, urea godown and dry activated sludge dumped soil). These isolated bacterial strains were characterized by morphological, biochemical and molecular techniques as Bacillus sp. These bacteria were used in the concentration (106cells/ml) for making bacterial concrete mixtures. The experimental investigation was carried out to evaluate the influence of bacteria for 7, 14 and 28 days study. The compressive strength of concrete showed an increase of about 23.8 %, 23% and 15.3 % as compared to control concrete at 28 days. Similarly, water absorption rate decreased to 3.1 % to 3.8% water by its weight which is less than control 4.2%. The UPV values of the bac...
This paper gives a review on artificial aggregates made out of various waste materials. In the cu... more This paper gives a review on artificial aggregates made out of various waste materials. In the current scenario, the disposal problem of industrial by-products like fly ash, paper pulp etc., has become an environmental issue due to the pollution caused. Further, shortage of land to fill these materials also adds up to this issue. Artificial aggregate can be made out of these materials that are considered waste and pollutants of environment. On the other side, shortage of natural aggregates in the growing infrastructure industry, creates problem of depleting natural resources which builds the need for artificial aggregates. Consequently, the production of artificial aggregates solves two problems, conserves environment from pollution and prevents natural resource from depletion, thereby giving way to sustainable development. This paper mainly throws light on the manufacturing process, properties and strength aspects and applicability of these categories of aggregates in civil enginee...
The effective utilisation of waste materials of thermal power stations such as fly ash and bottom... more The effective utilisation of waste materials of thermal power stations such as fly ash and bottom ash as partial replacement to cement and fine aggregate in concrete reduce disposal problems. In this study the bottom ash is used to replace the natural river sand upto 100% and thus it reduces the usage of river sand and reuse bottom ash in concrete which is ecofriendly and can be called Green concrete. The most important governing factor that determines the age of concrete structure is durability. Bottom ash is used as fine aggregate (30%, 60% and 100%) in concrete to reduce its environmental pollution (air, land and water) and to conserve natural river sand which is exploited for construction. This green concrete containing bottom ash is designed for 30 MPa with fixed water to binder ratio and slump value; and is evaluated for heat of hydration, compressive strength, and modulus of elasticity. Long term drying shrinkage was evaluated for 365 days and an empirical relationship was de...
This research paper presents the effects of using supplementary cementitious materials in binary ... more This research paper presents the effects of using supplementary cementitious materials in binary and ternary blends of concrete incorporating fly ash and silica fume. A total of 12 concrete mixtures were designed having a total binder content of 400 kg/m 3 and water binder ratio of 0.4. Portland cement was replaced by fly ash at levels of 30%, 40% and 50%, silica fume at levels of 6% and 10% by weight. The compressive strength test were conducted on test specimens cured under different types of curing systems like accelerated curing, warm water curing along with normal curing were done and the results were compared. Based on the experimental results, polynomial regression models and coefficients were developed between standard compressive strength and early strength attained by accelerated curing and warm water curing at 28-90 days.
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences, 2014
Three types of shear stud arrangement, respectively featuring an orthogonal, a radial and a criti... more Three types of shear stud arrangement, respectively featuring an orthogonal, a radial and a critical perimeter pattern, were evaluated numerically. A numerical investigation was conducted using the finite element software ABAQUS to evaluate their ability to resist punching shear in a flat plate. The finite element analysis here is an application of the nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete structures using three-dimensional solid finite elements. The nonlinear characteristics of concrete were achieved by employing the concrete damaged plasticity model in the finite element program. Transverse shear stress was evaluated using finite element analysis in terms of shear stress distribution for flat plate with and without shear stud reinforcement. The model predicted that shear studs placed along the critical perimeter are more effective compared to orthogonal and radial patterns.
International Journal of Structural Engineering, 2015
The waste and by–products from industries, thermal plants, and recycled materials have been used ... more The waste and by–products from industries, thermal plants, and recycled materials have been used historically in cement, concrete and other constructional activities. By–products such as fly ash, bottom ash, silica fume, etc., gains its utilisation owing to their physical, chemical and engineering properties when used either by processing or directly on concrete. This paper was aimed in making concrete green and durable by utilisation of bottom ash as sand replacement material in concrete that can conserve river sand from exploitation and also prevents environmental pollution caused by bottom ash which is dumped in the form of slurry as ash ponds. Bottom ash is replaced for river sand for 30%, 60%, and 100% in concrete. The strength and durability of concrete was evaluated to find its potential application in concrete. Experimental results show that 30% bottom ash can beneficially be added to the concrete to produce 40–50 MPa without affecting the strength. The durability of bottom ash exhibited superior and better performance than reference concrete.
Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP or CRP) is a light-weight and high strength composite mater... more Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP or CRP) is a light-weight and high strength composite material. Epoxy is the most commonly used as the associated bonding agent. CFRP is gaining more importance in the research field due to the emerging use in construction field mainly for strengthening of the structural elements as well as for repair and rehabilitation. Hence, detailed understanding on the interfacial behavior of the structural element- epoxy- CFRP is essential. The information available related to the interfacial behaviour of epoxy-CFRP is scarce. The CFRP- epoxy interface region is found to be the weakest region in the matrix. This study is focused on the bonding between the interfaces of epoxy- CFRP composites. A 2D micro-level Finite- Element (FE) model of transverse fibre bundle along with epoxy has been created by using the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software, ABAQUS. FEA has been conducted to understand the interfacial behavior between the matrix and their effects on strength and stiffness. The effects of tensile and thermal stresses on the matrix are analyzed. The thermal stress is predominant at high temperature, which is compressive in nature. Micro-mechanical simulation is widely carried out to understand the interfacial behavior of CFRP/concrete. There are various problems when it comes to interface of CFRP/concrete. From the failures and the test concerned to CFRP, it is found that the major factors need to be considered are concrete delamination due to the moisture penetration and high temperature effect, fracture, stress concentration due to environmental factors, external loading etc., Hence, micro-mechanical simulation will give us a clear understanding of the interface when compared to mesoscale. They can also be used for verifying the test results. The von mises stresses and the stress patterns in the different axis of direction obtained from FEA will help us to predict the stress concentration. CFRP strengthening of the structural elements is an emerging topic in the field of repair and rehabilitation. The use of CFRP has increased rapidly in the present applications and researches. Some of the current FRP applications are low pressure pipes, diesel storage tanks, lube tanks, and utility tanks, walkway gratings, stair steps, and handrails, cable ladders and trays, fire protection panels and sections of accommodation modules, buoys and float, strengthening of
Strength and drying shrinkage of green concrete The authors' reply Dear Sir, Thank you for se... more Strength and drying shrinkage of green concrete The authors' reply Dear Sir, Thank you for sending the queries. The following replies are given for your reference. 1. All the parameters given in the IS code are covered in ASTM also. Further, some parameters which are required for experimental work, are not covered in Indian standard (Ex.: drying shrinkage is available in AS). Hence ASTM and AS standards are followed in this experimental work. 2. Figure 1 shows the size of both bottom ash and sand that varies from 75 microns to 4.75 mm. But the major particle size distribution of bottom ash is in the range between 150 to 600 microns (Figure 1) and hence the fineness modulus is 1.78 (Table 2). Further this fineness modulus was taken into account and the concrete mix was designed to achieve good strength by utilizing the waste material from thermal power plant effectively.. I have two queries in this work Why the author's used ASTM codes for specification instead of Indian Code...
One of the main problems in our country is migration to major cities which is resulting in reduct... more One of the main problems in our country is migration to major cities which is resulting in reduction of land for occupation in cities. In regard to this, there is an increase in construction of multi-storied residential buildings. So there is a need for fast analysis of simple structures. This paper aims at developing a software tool for performing the static and dynamic analysis of regular and simple multi-storied structures. The tool shall provides a user friendly GUI for the calculation of shear force and bending moments of the beams and frames of a structure, dynamic response at each floor level to assess the amount of damage the building can undergo and finally to check whether the building is susceptible to earthquakes occurred in the past. Usual input parameters are structural dimensions, type of loads, type of structure, purpose of structure and location. This tool is will help architects and engineers during design of earthquake resistant structures.
The tremendous improvement in the civilization and industrialization brought us many fruitful ben... more The tremendous improvement in the civilization and industrialization brought us many fruitful benefits through science and technology for the mankind but on the other hand it resulted in the alarming situation such as global warming. The high emission of CO2 from cement industry, waste products from the thermal plants for the generation of electric power to meet the demand of growing population resulted in the production of tonnes of fly ash, bottom ash and boiler slag which causes environmental pollution. The cement and construction industries have utilized enough natural materials (fine and coarse aggregates) from the earth, as a result there is a scarcity of raw materials for cement and construction industries and price of these materials are increased. Global warming, tonnes of waste materials, scarcity of raw materials (fine and coarse aggregates) made researchers and scientists to think of reducing CO2 emission from cement industries and effective utilization of waste material...
One of the main problems in our country is migration to major cities which is resulting in reduct... more One of the main problems in our country is migration to major cities which is resulting in reduction of land for occupation in cities. In regard to this, there is an increase in construction of multi-storied residential buildings. Major cities in India come under the seismic zone III, which to prone to damage due to earthquakes. So there is a need for fast analysis of simple structures . This paper aims at developing a software tool for performing the static and dynamic analysis of regular and simple multi-storied structures. The analysis procedure is based on IS 1893:2002 Part I, Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures. The tool shall provides a user friendly GUI for the calculation of shear force and bending moments of the beams and frames of a structure, dynamic response at each floor level to assess the amount of damage the building can undergo and finally to check whether the building is susceptible to earthquakes occurred in the past. Usual input parameters are ...
In this study, an empirical relationship between the impact energy and compressive strength is de... more In this study, an empirical relationship between the impact energy and compressive strength is developed using regression analysis. For this, simple, practical, and economical drop weight test was performed on fiber reinforced concrete which was based on the testing procedure recommended by ACI committee 544. Crimped steel fiber of 50 mm length and an aspect ratio of 50 was used as the reinforcing material in four different volume fractions such as 0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% with water cement ratio of 0.42. The test results indicated that increasing volume fraction of fiber increased the impact resistance of concrete specimen. It is also found that the empirical relationship obtained from the regression analysis is accurate and preferable to evaluate the impact energy by using compressive strength of fiber reinforced concrete thus eliminating the drop weight test. Introduction Different guidelines have been suggested by various impact test methods
There are various means and methods available in the construction industry for the erection of br... more There are various means and methods available in the construction industry for the erection of bridges. The Cantilever Method is the most widely used erection method for the construction of the cable stayed brid analysis, the geometrical and boundary changes as well as the material properties changes must be considered. However, considerable stresses are produced due to the construction loads in the continuous structure. To determi forces, the initial equilibrium state for dead load at the final stage must be determined first. However, in order to obtain the desired cable force which satisfies the suitable range of displacement and member forces, the enginee numerous trial & error procedures. To find the cable pretension loads, the unit load method is used in this study. For verification, the Finite Element software (Midas Civil) is used to determine the cable forces using the functio Also the construction stage analysis for the cable stayed bridge is explained using software. Vario...
International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering, 2012
The development of a linear numerical model of flat-plate to predict shear stress distribution ar... more The development of a linear numerical model of flat-plate to predict shear stress distribution around slab column connection is presented in this paper. An attempt is made to model the slab, flexural reinforcement and shear reinforcement using three dimensional solid elements. The proposed finite element model has been proved to be capable of simulating the shear behavior of slab-column connection and to be suitable for analysis of structural performance of flat plate structures. Numerical results obtained from this model have good agreement with the available results of other researcher's numerical model with one dimensional rebar element.
IS: 800 code is the basic code for general construction in steel structures and the prime documen... more IS: 800 code is the basic code for general construction in steel structures and the prime document for any structural design and has influence on many other codes governing the design of other special steel structures. IS:8001984,furnished provisions, for designing the structures, mainly, by "Working Stress Method". Realizing the necessity to update the standard to the state of the art of the steel construction technology and economy, the current revision of the standard (IS:8002007) was undertaken. Earlier codes are silent in respect of design with respect to fatigue, corrosion, earthquake and durability etc, whereas in the present code careful revisions have been incorporated. In particular new code has advocated the design aspects with respect to fatigue, corrosion, earthquake and durability etc which place predominant role because of rattling forces created due to earthquake. The new code furnishes provisions, for designing the structures, mainly, by "Limit State Method of Design". An attempt here is made to explain the basic differences in the IS codes-old (IS:8001984) 4 and revised(IS:8002007).To reinforce the effect of the additional parameters included in the revised version, a steel elevated water tank is designed, using both the codes separately, and a conclusion is arrived at based on the sizes f the designed members. (For brevity the detailed design calculation are not given here.)An elevated water tank has been chosen because the structure involves the design of all type of members-struts, ties, columns, base plates and girder.
International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering
Portland cement is a highly energy intensive material. Therefore, considerable effort is being ma... more Portland cement is a highly energy intensive material. Therefore, considerable effort is being made to find substitutes for partial replacement of cement in concrete. This paper reports the results from experimental studies on the compressive strength and resistance to chloride ion penetration of concrete containing ternary blends of Portland cement, silica fume (SF) and wide range of fly ash (FA) Class C fly ash is used in this study in various proportions (i.e.) 30%, 40% and 50% and that of silica fume by 6% and 10% by weight of cement. The mix proportions of concrete had constant water binder ratios of 0.4 and super plasticizer was added based on the required degree of workability. The concrete specimens were cured on normal moist curing under normal room temperature. The compressive strength was determined at various ages and the resistance to chloride-ion penetration was measured at different ages up to 90 days. The results indicate that the concrete made with these proportions...
This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation carried out to evaluate the comp... more This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation carried out to evaluate the compressive strength of High Strength Concrete. High Strength Concrete is made by partial replacement of cement by fly ash (FA) and silica fume (SF). In this study the Class C fly ash used in various proportions 30%, 40% and 50% and that of silica fume by 6% and 10% by weight of cement. The mix proportions of concrete had a constant water binder ratio of 0.4 and super plasticizer was added based on the required degree of workability. The total binder content was 450 kg/m 3. The concrete specimens were cured on normal moist curing under normal atmospheric temperature. The compressive strength was determined at various ages up to 90 days. The results indicate the concrete made with these proportions generally show excellent fresh and hardened properties since the combination is somewhat synergistic. The addition of silica fume shows a early strength gaining property and that of fly ash shows a...
This study was aimed to minimize the use of natural river sand which is being used for several ye... more This study was aimed to minimize the use of natural river sand which is being used for several years in construction, and to utilize bottom ash from thermal power station as a partial replacement (30%, 60%, 100%) for fine aggregate. An experimental investigation has been carried out to find the compressive strength of the replaced eco-friendly green concrete with different curing methods. An equation recommended by ACI committee for conventional concrete was used to predict 56, 90 and 180 days compressive strength from 28 days compressive strength of the eco-friendly green (bottom ash) concrete that resulted with the difference between the experimental and predicted compressive strength to ± 12%. To minimize the percentage of difference, an empirical relationship was developed between the compressive strength of accelerated curing and normal curing (28, 56, 90, 180 days). It is concluded that empirical relationship predicts later age compressive strength with the minimum percentage ...
It is well known that concrete is characterized by its high compressive strength, yet its brittle... more It is well known that concrete is characterized by its high compressive strength, yet its brittle mode of failure is considered as a drawback of high strength concrete when it is subjected to impact and dynamic loads. This study aims to investigate the impact resistance of fibre reinforced concrete (FRC), incorporated with steel fibres at various dosages. For this, a drop weight test was performed on the 28 days cured plain and fibre reinforced concrete samples as per the testing procedure recommended by ACI committee 544. Crimped and hooked end steel fibre of length 50 mm and an aspect ratio equal to 50 was added to concrete in different proportions i.e. 0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% with water cement ratio of 0.42. From the test results, it was proved that the (FRC) was effective under the impact loads thus improving the impact resistance. Also, the reduction of strength under impact load in each specimen for every three blows was determined by ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) test. Furt...
Microbially induced concrete has emerged as an important area of research for high performance co... more Microbially induced concrete has emerged as an important area of research for high performance construction. This study examines the compressive strength, water absorption, Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) and rapid chloride permeability test (RCPT) of concrete that are influenced by bacteria isolated from three different places (cement, urea godown and dry activated sludge dumped soil). These isolated bacterial strains were characterized by morphological, biochemical and molecular techniques as Bacillus sp. These bacteria were used in the concentration (106cells/ml) for making bacterial concrete mixtures. The experimental investigation was carried out to evaluate the influence of bacteria for 7, 14 and 28 days study. The compressive strength of concrete showed an increase of about 23.8 %, 23% and 15.3 % as compared to control concrete at 28 days. Similarly, water absorption rate decreased to 3.1 % to 3.8% water by its weight which is less than control 4.2%. The UPV values of the bac...
This paper gives a review on artificial aggregates made out of various waste materials. In the cu... more This paper gives a review on artificial aggregates made out of various waste materials. In the current scenario, the disposal problem of industrial by-products like fly ash, paper pulp etc., has become an environmental issue due to the pollution caused. Further, shortage of land to fill these materials also adds up to this issue. Artificial aggregate can be made out of these materials that are considered waste and pollutants of environment. On the other side, shortage of natural aggregates in the growing infrastructure industry, creates problem of depleting natural resources which builds the need for artificial aggregates. Consequently, the production of artificial aggregates solves two problems, conserves environment from pollution and prevents natural resource from depletion, thereby giving way to sustainable development. This paper mainly throws light on the manufacturing process, properties and strength aspects and applicability of these categories of aggregates in civil enginee...
The effective utilisation of waste materials of thermal power stations such as fly ash and bottom... more The effective utilisation of waste materials of thermal power stations such as fly ash and bottom ash as partial replacement to cement and fine aggregate in concrete reduce disposal problems. In this study the bottom ash is used to replace the natural river sand upto 100% and thus it reduces the usage of river sand and reuse bottom ash in concrete which is ecofriendly and can be called Green concrete. The most important governing factor that determines the age of concrete structure is durability. Bottom ash is used as fine aggregate (30%, 60% and 100%) in concrete to reduce its environmental pollution (air, land and water) and to conserve natural river sand which is exploited for construction. This green concrete containing bottom ash is designed for 30 MPa with fixed water to binder ratio and slump value; and is evaluated for heat of hydration, compressive strength, and modulus of elasticity. Long term drying shrinkage was evaluated for 365 days and an empirical relationship was de...
This research paper presents the effects of using supplementary cementitious materials in binary ... more This research paper presents the effects of using supplementary cementitious materials in binary and ternary blends of concrete incorporating fly ash and silica fume. A total of 12 concrete mixtures were designed having a total binder content of 400 kg/m 3 and water binder ratio of 0.4. Portland cement was replaced by fly ash at levels of 30%, 40% and 50%, silica fume at levels of 6% and 10% by weight. The compressive strength test were conducted on test specimens cured under different types of curing systems like accelerated curing, warm water curing along with normal curing were done and the results were compared. Based on the experimental results, polynomial regression models and coefficients were developed between standard compressive strength and early strength attained by accelerated curing and warm water curing at 28-90 days.
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences, 2014
Three types of shear stud arrangement, respectively featuring an orthogonal, a radial and a criti... more Three types of shear stud arrangement, respectively featuring an orthogonal, a radial and a critical perimeter pattern, were evaluated numerically. A numerical investigation was conducted using the finite element software ABAQUS to evaluate their ability to resist punching shear in a flat plate. The finite element analysis here is an application of the nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete structures using three-dimensional solid finite elements. The nonlinear characteristics of concrete were achieved by employing the concrete damaged plasticity model in the finite element program. Transverse shear stress was evaluated using finite element analysis in terms of shear stress distribution for flat plate with and without shear stud reinforcement. The model predicted that shear studs placed along the critical perimeter are more effective compared to orthogonal and radial patterns.
International Journal of Structural Engineering, 2015
The waste and by–products from industries, thermal plants, and recycled materials have been used ... more The waste and by–products from industries, thermal plants, and recycled materials have been used historically in cement, concrete and other constructional activities. By–products such as fly ash, bottom ash, silica fume, etc., gains its utilisation owing to their physical, chemical and engineering properties when used either by processing or directly on concrete. This paper was aimed in making concrete green and durable by utilisation of bottom ash as sand replacement material in concrete that can conserve river sand from exploitation and also prevents environmental pollution caused by bottom ash which is dumped in the form of slurry as ash ponds. Bottom ash is replaced for river sand for 30%, 60%, and 100% in concrete. The strength and durability of concrete was evaluated to find its potential application in concrete. Experimental results show that 30% bottom ash can beneficially be added to the concrete to produce 40–50 MPa without affecting the strength. The durability of bottom ash exhibited superior and better performance than reference concrete.
Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP or CRP) is a light-weight and high strength composite mater... more Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP or CRP) is a light-weight and high strength composite material. Epoxy is the most commonly used as the associated bonding agent. CFRP is gaining more importance in the research field due to the emerging use in construction field mainly for strengthening of the structural elements as well as for repair and rehabilitation. Hence, detailed understanding on the interfacial behavior of the structural element- epoxy- CFRP is essential. The information available related to the interfacial behaviour of epoxy-CFRP is scarce. The CFRP- epoxy interface region is found to be the weakest region in the matrix. This study is focused on the bonding between the interfaces of epoxy- CFRP composites. A 2D micro-level Finite- Element (FE) model of transverse fibre bundle along with epoxy has been created by using the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software, ABAQUS. FEA has been conducted to understand the interfacial behavior between the matrix and their effects on strength and stiffness. The effects of tensile and thermal stresses on the matrix are analyzed. The thermal stress is predominant at high temperature, which is compressive in nature. Micro-mechanical simulation is widely carried out to understand the interfacial behavior of CFRP/concrete. There are various problems when it comes to interface of CFRP/concrete. From the failures and the test concerned to CFRP, it is found that the major factors need to be considered are concrete delamination due to the moisture penetration and high temperature effect, fracture, stress concentration due to environmental factors, external loading etc., Hence, micro-mechanical simulation will give us a clear understanding of the interface when compared to mesoscale. They can also be used for verifying the test results. The von mises stresses and the stress patterns in the different axis of direction obtained from FEA will help us to predict the stress concentration. CFRP strengthening of the structural elements is an emerging topic in the field of repair and rehabilitation. The use of CFRP has increased rapidly in the present applications and researches. Some of the current FRP applications are low pressure pipes, diesel storage tanks, lube tanks, and utility tanks, walkway gratings, stair steps, and handrails, cable ladders and trays, fire protection panels and sections of accommodation modules, buoys and float, strengthening of
Strength and drying shrinkage of green concrete The authors' reply Dear Sir, Thank you for se... more Strength and drying shrinkage of green concrete The authors' reply Dear Sir, Thank you for sending the queries. The following replies are given for your reference. 1. All the parameters given in the IS code are covered in ASTM also. Further, some parameters which are required for experimental work, are not covered in Indian standard (Ex.: drying shrinkage is available in AS). Hence ASTM and AS standards are followed in this experimental work. 2. Figure 1 shows the size of both bottom ash and sand that varies from 75 microns to 4.75 mm. But the major particle size distribution of bottom ash is in the range between 150 to 600 microns (Figure 1) and hence the fineness modulus is 1.78 (Table 2). Further this fineness modulus was taken into account and the concrete mix was designed to achieve good strength by utilizing the waste material from thermal power plant effectively.. I have two queries in this work Why the author's used ASTM codes for specification instead of Indian Code...
One of the main problems in our country is migration to major cities which is resulting in reduct... more One of the main problems in our country is migration to major cities which is resulting in reduction of land for occupation in cities. In regard to this, there is an increase in construction of multi-storied residential buildings. So there is a need for fast analysis of simple structures. This paper aims at developing a software tool for performing the static and dynamic analysis of regular and simple multi-storied structures. The tool shall provides a user friendly GUI for the calculation of shear force and bending moments of the beams and frames of a structure, dynamic response at each floor level to assess the amount of damage the building can undergo and finally to check whether the building is susceptible to earthquakes occurred in the past. Usual input parameters are structural dimensions, type of loads, type of structure, purpose of structure and location. This tool is will help architects and engineers during design of earthquake resistant structures.
The tremendous improvement in the civilization and industrialization brought us many fruitful ben... more The tremendous improvement in the civilization and industrialization brought us many fruitful benefits through science and technology for the mankind but on the other hand it resulted in the alarming situation such as global warming. The high emission of CO2 from cement industry, waste products from the thermal plants for the generation of electric power to meet the demand of growing population resulted in the production of tonnes of fly ash, bottom ash and boiler slag which causes environmental pollution. The cement and construction industries have utilized enough natural materials (fine and coarse aggregates) from the earth, as a result there is a scarcity of raw materials for cement and construction industries and price of these materials are increased. Global warming, tonnes of waste materials, scarcity of raw materials (fine and coarse aggregates) made researchers and scientists to think of reducing CO2 emission from cement industries and effective utilization of waste material...
One of the main problems in our country is migration to major cities which is resulting in reduct... more One of the main problems in our country is migration to major cities which is resulting in reduction of land for occupation in cities. In regard to this, there is an increase in construction of multi-storied residential buildings. Major cities in India come under the seismic zone III, which to prone to damage due to earthquakes. So there is a need for fast analysis of simple structures . This paper aims at developing a software tool for performing the static and dynamic analysis of regular and simple multi-storied structures. The analysis procedure is based on IS 1893:2002 Part I, Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures. The tool shall provides a user friendly GUI for the calculation of shear force and bending moments of the beams and frames of a structure, dynamic response at each floor level to assess the amount of damage the building can undergo and finally to check whether the building is susceptible to earthquakes occurred in the past. Usual input parameters are ...
In this study, an empirical relationship between the impact energy and compressive strength is de... more In this study, an empirical relationship between the impact energy and compressive strength is developed using regression analysis. For this, simple, practical, and economical drop weight test was performed on fiber reinforced concrete which was based on the testing procedure recommended by ACI committee 544. Crimped steel fiber of 50 mm length and an aspect ratio of 50 was used as the reinforcing material in four different volume fractions such as 0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% with water cement ratio of 0.42. The test results indicated that increasing volume fraction of fiber increased the impact resistance of concrete specimen. It is also found that the empirical relationship obtained from the regression analysis is accurate and preferable to evaluate the impact energy by using compressive strength of fiber reinforced concrete thus eliminating the drop weight test. Introduction Different guidelines have been suggested by various impact test methods
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Papers by Mohan Ganesh