Kingdom of Qocho

The Kingdom of Qocho, (Chinese: 回鶻高昌; pinyin: Huíhú Gāochāng; literally: "Uyghur Gaochang", Mongolian ᠦᠶᠭᠦᠷ Uihur "id.") also called the Idiqut state ("Holy Wealth, Glory"), was a Uyghur state created during 856–866 and based in Qocho (modern Gaochang, also called Qara-Khoja, near modern Turpan); Jimsar County; Hami City; and Kucha. Qocho served as its winter capital with Beshbalik the summer capital. This Uyghur Kingdom played a vital role in the Turkification of Xinjiang in Northwest China.

Alans were recruited into the Mongol forces with one unit called "Right Alan Guard" which was combined with "recently surrendered" soldiers, Mongols, and Chinese soldiers stationed in the area of the former Kingdom of Qocho and in Besh Balikh the Mongols established a Chinese military colony led by Chinese general Qi Kongzhi (Ch'i Kung-chih).

Chinese, Turkic, Tokharian, and Iranian peoples were assimilated into the Uyghur Kingdom of Qocho. Chinese were among the population of Qocho.

The Tang Chinese reign over Qocho and Turfan and the Buddhist religion left a lasting legacy upon the Buddhist Uyghur Kingdom of Qocho with the Tang presented names remaining on the more than 50 Buddhist temples with Emperor Tang Taizong's edicts stored in the "Imperial Writings Tower " and Chinese dictionaries like Jingyun, Yuian, Tang yun, and da zang jing (Buddhist scriptures) stored inside the Buddhist temples and Persian monks also maintained a Manichaean temple in the Kingdom, the Persian Hudud al-'Alam uses the name "Chinese town" to call Qocho, the capital of the Uyghur kingdom.