Cyber warfare

2021

Persistent disregard for the effects of Cyber Warfare will bring great concern to all. Hackers and governments alike should understand the barriers their ways take. Governments use Cyber Warfare to provide strategic advantage over other countries, to protect themselves from enemies or to harm their opponents. Hackers use Cyber Warfare to obtain personal information, commit crimes, or express sensitive and beneficial intelligence. While both approaches may offer ethical use, the same can be said for another wide range. Knowing and understanding these devices will not only strengthen the ability to detect and counteract these attacks but also provide the means to expose malicious government programs, as the effect of Cyber Warfare can be far worse than the aftermath of a normal war. This paper includes the concept of ethics and the reasons that led to the use of information technology in military warfare, the consequences of using cyber warfare on civilians, legitimacy of cyber warfar...

This article aims to show how science and technology are used in cyber warfare as one of the weapons of modern warfare and what to do to use it solely for the good of humanity.

International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2020

https://www.ijert.org/study-on-cyber-warfare-during-2001-2019 https://www.ijert.org/research/study-on-cyber-warfare-during-2001-2019-IJERTCONV8IS05041.pdf The paper defines that cyber Warfare s a vast topic with various subtopics receiving attention from the research community. It's a new type of warfare, merely a new weapon that is merged with the traditional conflict. In this generation of mankind, the arrival and the global expansion of the internet is being proved as the fastest and the most powerful technological revolution. Today we are in the situation where we have to decide which governing laws apply to cyber warfare and how much it really applied. Cyber warfare. During research it seemed critical to understand the current situation and the boundaries that are crossed and cyber warfare.

Cyber security has becoming significant for the whole national security with every passing day and major reason of is the cyber terrorism which was started as minor level has not reached to the state level where states are involved in this type of terrorism for securing own national interest and damaging others. Cyber terrorism is much safer, low cost and easily operate able from any part of the globe which make it more lethal and destructive. In paper the history of cyber terrorism and the major operations conducted by states against other states and non-state actors have been discussed keeping and advocating the increasing significance in international politics. Cyber terrorism has made its place in terrorism quite rapidly and make the security issues more complex and hard to tackle and to adopt a strong counter cyber terrorism policy and mechanism is highly necessary for every state for its own security.

2011

This report addresses arguably the most serious end of the spectrum of security challenges posed by and within cyber space. It places cyber warfare in the context of national strategy to identify its essential characteristics as a strategic security phenomenon.

Question The emergence of cyber warfare poses some significant challenges in the application of international Humanitarian Law (IHL). The treaty and customary rules of IHL were primarily designed to apply to kinetic warfare. Critically examine the extent to which the rules of IHL address the challenges arising from cyber warfare.

Technology now forms an essential part of every country's critical infrastructure and is therefore, a major national security concern. This concern combined with the complexity of cyberspace and political agendas, has caused a misrepresentation of the cyber-threat. Although the motivation of cyber-attacks has only been associated with criminal behavior, espionage and even terrorism; current Administrations and the media would have the country believe that a cyber-war is upon us. This paper demonstrates that cyber-war is certainly a misnomer. To date there has been an inability to acquire any substantial, irrefutable evidence of cyber-warfare; only speculations based on historical information, rumors, propaganda and misinterpretation or misrepresentation of facts. Current international legal framework and interpretations indicate that what has been termed cyber-warfare does not match the criteria for war. While the dispute over the term cyber-war and what it represents will definitely continue, there is consensus on the reality of cyber-weapons and cyber-attacks.

2023

'Dinámicas sociales y roles entre mujeres' aims to revaluate the importance of women as active and powerful social agents in the definition of ancient cultures, their contribution to the economic and social development of the community and to the position, reputation, and prestige of their families. By engaging new theoretical and methodological frameworks from anthropological and gender studies, developed in the last decade, this book compiles an unparalleled set of papers with a well-defined common goal: to deepen the idea of women as key economic and cultural actors in the maintenance and development of ancient Oriental societies. The book derives from an international conference held on 11-12 March 2021 at the University of Alcalá (UAH), in Alcalá de Henares (Madrid, Spain), completed by further articles received from scholars from different institutions and disciplines. Overall, the contributions aim to critique previous positions and methods and to propose new avenues of research and approaches in a series of case studies. Furthermore, the theoretical and interpretative frameworks they develop will have relevance for other women's historical studies as well as for related disciplines such as anthropology, philosophy, political science and gender studies in their interdisciplinary approach.