Euripides, Phoenissae 469 and a Consular Date

• --....je: ,.....-,-, .......... r(, n f.,-"/ 1i' (\) 11I ',,/1 1ClC ( r.,'T ! 1 ')(1' 1;) r I' , -~;:, /. ,,' t ,r J TI )' T ( ' ~" , Beiträge zur Alten Geschichte, Papyrologie und Epigraphik TYCHE Beiträge zur Alten Geschichte, Papyrologie und Epigraphik Band 19 2004 HOL % HAU 5 E N Herausgegeben von: Gerhard Dobesch, Bemhard Palme, Peter Siewert und Ekkehard Weber Gemeinsam mit: Wolfgang Hameter und Hans Taeuber Unter Beteiligung von: Reinhold Bichler, Herbert Graßl, Sigrid Jalkotzy und Ingomar Weiler Redaktion: Franziska Beutler, Sandra Hodecek, Georg Rehrenböck und Patrick Sänger Zuschriften und Manuskripte erbeten an: Redaktion TYCHE, c/o Institut für Alte Geschichte und Altertumskunde, Papyrologie und Epigraphik, Universität Wien, Dr. Karl Lueger-Ring 1, A-lOlO Wien. Beiträge in deutscher, englischer, französischer, italienischer und lateinischer Sprache werden angenommen. Bei der Redaktion einlangende wissenschaftliche Werke werden angezeigt. Auslieferung: Holzhausen Verlag GmbH, Holzhausenplatz ], A-] 140 Wien maggoschitz@holzhausen .at Gedruckt auf holz- und säurefreiem Papier. Umschlag: IG U2 2127 (Ausschnitt) mit freundlicher Genehmigung des Epigraphischen Museums in Athen, Inv.-Nr. 8490, und P.Vindob.Barbara 8. © 2005 by Holzhausen Verlag GmbH, Wien Bibliografische Information Der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Intemet über http://clnb.dclb.de abrufbar Eigentümer und Verleger: Holzhausen Verlag GmbH, Holzhausenplatz ], A-1140 Wien Herausgeber: Gerhard Dobesch, Bernhard Palme, Peter Siewert und Ekkehard Weber, c/o Institut für Alte Geschichte und Altertumskunde, Papyrologie und Epigraphik, Universität Wien, Dr. Kar! Lueger-Ring 1, A-lOIO Wien. e-mail: hans.taeuber@univie.ac.atoderBernhard.Palme@univie.ac.at Hersteller: Holzhausen Druck & Medien GmbH, Holzhausenplatz 1, A-1140 Wien Verlagsort: Wien. - Herstellungsort: Wien. - Printed in Austria. ISBN 3-900518-03-3 Alle Rechte vorbehalten INHALTS VERZEICHNIS Hans Ta eu b er (Wien): Schriftenverzeichnis Peter Siewert Stamatios Bus ses (Bari): Euripides, Phoenissae 469 and a Consular Date (Tafel 1) ........... . ................................... Livia C a pp 0 n i (San Marino) : Petizione tolemaica contro furto e violenza (Tafel 2) ......... . ............. ... . ...... . ... ... . ...... Gerhard D 0 b e s c h (Wien): Einige Beobachtungen zu Politik und Tod des Haeduers Diviciacus und seines Bruders Dumnorix ............. Armin Ei c h (Passau), Peter E ich (Köln): Thesen zur Genese des Verlautbarungsstils der spätantiken kaiserlichen Zentrale. . . . . . . . . . . . Peter K 0 s (Ljublana): The coin legend V-O·KK = Caesar's Voccio? (Tafeln 3-4) ........................... .... ................ . Fritz Mit t hof (Wien): Neue Papyrus urkunden zur annona militaris (Tafeln 5-7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Victor Par k er (Christ Church, NZ): Two Notes on Early Athenian History .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Robert Roll i n ger (Innsbruck): Cambodunum verSllS Augusta Vindelicum: Zur Frage des Statthaltersitzes der Provinz Raetien im 1. Jh. n. Chr................................. ......... ............. Jacek R z e p k a (Warszawa): Philip II of Macedon and 'The Garrison in Naupactus'. ARe-Interpretation of Theopompus FGrHist 115 F 235 .. Marta S 0 r d i (Milano): Le staseis di Turi e la guerra deI Peloponneso . . Jean-Yves S t ras s er (Confolens): Inscriptions grecques et latines en l'honneur de pantomimes (Tafeln 8-9) .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Patrick Ta n s e y (Sydney): The Consuls of 22 B.C. and the fasti of the Late Empire. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Christi an Wall n er (Graz): Der Agon Minervae: eine Dokumentation. 213 223 Franziska B eu t 1 er, Vera Hof man n, Ekkehard Web er (Wien): Annona Epigraphica Austriaca ................................. 237 Bemerkungen zu Papyri XVII «Korl'. Tyche> 505-521) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 Buchbesprechungen .. .... ... .... . ............... . .......... .. ... 263 9 15 19 75 105 111 131 149 157 167 175 Reinhold B ich 1 er, Robert R 0 I I i n ger, Herodot. Hildesheim u.a. 2000 (P. Siewert: 263) - Susanne Fun k e, Aiakidenmythos lind epeirotisches Königtum . Der Weg einer hellenischen Monarchie. Stuttgart 2000 (P. Siewert: 264) - Hilmar K 1 i n kot t, Die Satrapienregister der Alexander· und Diadochmzeit. Stuttgart 2000 (P. Sänger: 265) Rebecca Kr a wie c, Shenoute and the WOlllen 0/ the White Monastery. Egyptian Monasti· cism in. Late An.tiquity. Oxford , New York 2002 (H. Förster: 267) - Gustav Adolf IV Inhaltsverzeichnis L eh man n, Demostehenes von Athen. Ein Leben für die Freiheit. München 2003 (0. Schmitt: 268) - Dieter M e I t e n s, Selinus I. Die Stadt und ihre Mauern. Rom 2003 (A. Sokolicek: 269) - Helmut Me y e I, Peter R. Fra n k e, J. S c h ä fe I, Hausschweine in der griechisch-römischen Antike. Eine morphologische und kulturhistorische Studie. Oldenburg 2004 (G. Dobesch: 271) - Annapaola Mo S c a, Aga Benacensis. Carta archeologica di Riva dei Garda e di Arco. Trento 2003 (M. Pedrazzi: 273) - Sigrid MI at s c he k, Der Briefwechsel des Paulinus VOll Nola. Kommunikation und soziale Kontakte zwischen christlichen Intellektuellen. Göttingen 2002 (M. Zelzer: 274) - Meret S t rot h man n, Augustus - Vater der republica. Zur Funktion der drei Begriffe restitutio - saeculum - pater patriae im augusteischen Principat. Stuttgart 2000 (G. Dobesch: 276) - Christoph U I f (Hrsg.), Ideologie - Sport - Außenseiter. Aktuelle Aspekte einer Beschäftigung mit der antiken Gesellschaft. Innsbruck 2000 (P. Siewert: 279) - Terry W i I fon g, Women of lerne. Lives in a Coptic Town in Late Antique Egypt. Ann Abor 2002 (H. Förster: 281) Indices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 Eingelangte Bücher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 Tafeln 1- 9 STAMATIOS BUSSES Euripides, Phoenissae 469 and a Consular Date 6.5 x 10.3 cm P.Heid. Inv. G 1744 Provenance unknown 112 or 222 or 236 A.D. Tafel 1 Rectangular fragment of an extensively worm-eaten papyrus sheet. It is broken off on three sides except the upper margin, where aspace of 2.2 cm is left unwritten. Text is written in two columns, the width and the height of which are unknown. The left column is written in greyish ink and contains the right part of a documentary text divided into three parts by spaces of 1.3 cm (= I. 6 and 10). Both spaces bear indiscemible traces of ink. The right column is written by another hand in darker ink and thicker pen; aseries of the letters 0,10,1; is preserved. Both texts are written along the fibres and the back is blank. In between the columns there is another line (1.22), written perpendicularly downwards and containing verse 469 of Euripides' Phoenissae. The writing of the documentary text indicates a professional scribe and it may be compared to W. Schubart, Papyri Graecae Berolinenses, Bonnae 1911, Tab. 22b or to E. Boswinkel, P. J. Sijpesteijn, Greek Papyri, Ostraca and Mummy Labels, Amsterdam 1968, Nr. 20. It can be assigned to the 2nd cent. A.D. The second text is written by a slow, unskilled hand and shows features wh ich can be attributed to a schoolboy: the writing is off the line, alphas have the epigraphical form and the A in the word a1tAOUC; is written in shaky handwriting. It can also be assigned to the 2nd cent. A.D. by comparison to P.Mert. II 54 (Tab. in ed.pr.). Col. II Col. I 1 2 3 l.H. 22 [[- [[- 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 vacat 2.H.? vacat - - ]C?"~1J xnpoypa<pov - - ]~a ~o ycvollEvOV e1tt U1tu]'trov Atl't?KPU'tOPOC; 'A<ppt]mvou 1tpO E1t'ta • • 2.H. [ - ol1vapiro]v ~ ~ uaaaei(rov) t [- - -] . v e1tt U1t~rov [ - 'A<pp]tKavou 1tPO vacat vacat l.H. [- - - ] ~poC; 't~v 12 2.H . l3 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 ~a downwards: a1tAOUC; 6 llu8oC; 't1lC; aA118dac; if[<pu - - - ] 22. tllC ex tllV pap. [~[- - ~[- - ~[- - ~[- - ~[- - ~[- - ~[- - ~[- - [- - -] -] -] -] -] -] -] -] - ] -] - - - 10 Stamatios Busses The hand of the Euripides text, the series of letters in alphabeticalorder at the end of the second column and the maxim character of the verse evidently point to a school exercise of an elementary level. The particular series of letters alludes to an alphabeticalor - unlikely - a mathematical exercise. The possibility of having a complete Addition (1+1, 1+2, 1+3 ... 1+9,2+2 ... 2+9, up to 9+9, as in MPER NS XV 150151, Tab. 69, pt cent. A.D.) must be ruled out. Five lines would be necessary for a complete addition and here there are only four, if epsilon stands for a number. An improbable example of mathematical exercise with multiplications of numbers arranged in four rows separated by a horizontalline can be found in MPER NS XV 157 (Tab. 72) from 9110 th cent. A .D . The alphabetl, Sententiae (like these in CGFP 107) or list of words or names 2 organized in sets of four 3 starting with an identical letter could possibly provide an explanation for this exercise. The combination of alphabetical exercises with verses is not rare 4 and is indicative of the common practice by Greek teachers to combine the alphabet with maxims. It is not unusual for documentary texts to be reused as school exercise materials. There exist papyri which bear documentary and school texts on the same side6 and this also applies to Euripides 7 . Euripides is one of the most renowned ancient writers 8 , indeed the best known among the tragedians 9 and Phoenissae one of his most popular plays, also among teachers lO . Due to its maxim character, the verse in question has often been lifted by I would like to express my thanks to Dieter Hagedorn for his invaluable suggestions, the staff of the Heidelberg and the Viennese collection and Amphilochios Papathomas for the corrections to the text. I would also like to thank Georg Schmelz who had made a first transcription to the papyrus and Sandra Hodecek for her precious help. I Writing exercises like P.Oxy. 11 285 (= R. Cribiore, Writing, Teachers, and Students in Graeco-Roman Egypt, Atlanta 1996 [= ASP 36] Cat. Nr. 131, Photo XVI, 1'( cent. A.D.). 2 Like those in F. Maltomini, C. Römer, Noch einmal 'Ad Demonicum' auf einer Schultafel, ZPE 75 (1988) 297-300 (= Cribiore NI. 308) or P.Genova 11 53 (= Cribiore Nr. 100). 3 For the "raggruppamento in tetradi" see P.Genova 11 10 fn. I. 4 BKT V.2 XVII no. 6, I s1 cent. AD. (= Cribiore Z.C. Nr. 182, Photo XIX) Troades 8769; SB XX 14654 + 14655, sententia; W. Brunsch, OrientaJia Suecana 31-32 (1982-83) 38-39 no . 6 = G. Nachtergael, Une tablette scoZaire du British Museum, CdE 73 (1998) 324-326 = SB XXIV 16071. 5 F. G. Kenyon, MeZ. Weil, p. 243-248 = P.Lit.Lond. 138; P.Oxy . LX 4026 = PCG 08 13; P.Mil.Vogl. VI 263 (cf. the discussion there about reusing papyri for school texts). 1h 6 MPER NS XV 14, Tab. 4 (= Cribiore l.c. NI. 7, 4-5 cent. A.D.); MPER NS XV 13, 1h Tab. 3 (= Cribiore l.c. NI. 10, 5 cent. AD.); P. J. Sijpesteijn, Hermeneus 42 (1971) 255 no. 2, Plate, non vidi (= Cribiore l.c. NI. 25, 6th cent. A.D.). 7 MPER NS III 32 (= Cribiore l.c. Nr. 192); P.Mert. 11 54 (= Cribiore l.c. Nr. 282). Both documents come from the 2nd cent. A.D. nd 8 In the LDAB (see fn. 13) Euripides in the 2 cent. A.D . with 75 papyri is placed second in the list of authors in the papyri found after Homer (787), and third in the 3rd cent. with 37 papyri after Homer (641) and Hesiod (43). 9 Cribiore l.c . p. 49 . LO J. M. Bremer, The Popularity of Euripides' Phoenissae in Late Antiquity, Actes du VIIe Congres de la F.I.E.C., Vol. I, Budapest 1984,281-288, mainly 284; R. Cribiore, The Grammarian's Choice: The Popularity of Euripides, Phoenissae in Hellenistic and Roman Education, in: Yun Lee Too (ed.) Education in Greek and Roman Antiquity, Brill 2001, 241259, mainly 248-250. Euripides, Phoenissae 469 and a Consular Date 11 ancient writers and sometimes it is attributable to Euripides 11, other times it is not 12 . Despite this fact no other papyrological evidence reports verse 469 13 . The papyrus does not ofter variants to the textual tradition. Too little survives as to the nature of the documentary text, the dating, or the provenance to be determined. Any attempt to come to absolute conc1usions is impeded by the fragmentary nature of the papyrus, so we are limited to mere conjectures here. The layout suggests that it is a conc1usive part of a document (inc1uding the date, the sum of money involved and c10sing formulas) or extracts from various documents. The mentioning of the word xnpoypa<pov makes it even more difficult to decide, given the variant forms of construction of the particular document, especially during the Roman period l4 . Nevertheless, the denarii and assaria point to a military milieu 15 or a private document that has been written outside the borders of Egypt, transported to Egypt or re-written in that country16. 11 Alex. Aphr., in Metaph. 818, 18 (Hayduck); Jul., Ad Herac. 9, 34 (Rochefort); Stob., Anth. 3. 11, 1, 2 (Wachsmuth, Hense); Ammon., in Porph. 49, 14 (Busse); David, in Porph. 126, 13 (Busse); Schol. Aeschin. 3. 50,4 (Schultz). 12 Sext. Emp., adv. Math. 3.104,4; 7. 50, 3 (Mutschmann, Mau); Did. Caec., de Trin. (/ib. 3) 39, 781, 28 (MPG 39); Epiph., Haer. 2. 509, 19 (Holl, GCS 31); Jo. Philop., in Arist. cat. 13.l, 37, 15 (Busse); Elias, in Porph. 54, 6 (Busse); Michael, in Nicom. ix, 516,4 (Heylbutt); Apostolius, 3. 62, 1 (von Leutsch); Schol. (vet.) Plat. Resp. 576c, 2 (Greene). 13 A collective catalogue of papyri containing Phoenissae can be found in P.Oxy. LXVII p. 12-14. In order to assist the reader I put here the numbers of the LDAB (W. Clarysse et al. , The Leuven Database of Ancient Books, http://ldab.arts.kuleuven.ac.be/) followed by the corresponding numbers in Mertens-Pack 3 (M.-H. Marganne et al., La base de donnees experimental Mertens-Pack 3 en ligne, http://promethee .philo .ulg .ac .be/ cedopal/index.htm): 0529 = 0227 + 0425; 0894 = 0417 + 0420.21; 0907 = 0414.2; 0911 = 0424; 0919 = 0422; 0921 = 0423; 0923 = 420.01; 0925 = 0453; 0933 = 0415.01; 0934 = 0417.11; 0935 = 0426.01; 0946 = 0420; 0948 = 0421; 0950 = 0414.1; 0951 = 0420.2; 0952 = 0426.1; 0962 = 0417.2; 0984 = 0420.1; 0989 = 0419.01; 0998 = 0425.l; 1001 = 0418; 1002 = 0419; 1006 = 0415; 1013 = 0417.1; 1022 = 0416; 1050 = Pack 1934; 1051 = 0426; 1054 = Pack 2642; 9905 = 0425.0l. P.Heid. Inv. G 1744 is Nr. 0923 = 420.0l. 14 See H. 1. Wolff, Das Recht der griechischen Papyri Ägyptens in der Zeit der Ptolemaeer und des Prinzipats II, München 1978, 111-112; M. Amelotti, L. Migliardi Zingale, Lvyypacpr" XElpoypacpov - testatio, chirographum. Osservazioni in tema di tipologie documentali, in: G. Nenci, G. Thür (edd.), Symposion 1988. Vorträge zur griechischen und hellenistischen Rechtsgeschichte, Köln, Wien 1990, 302. 15 A contract between two soldiers is probable. In this respect P.Heid. Inv. G. 1744 bears similarities to P.Fouad 45 = ChLA XLII 1207 = CPL 189 = C.EpistLat. 155, a loan of 50 denarii from 153 A.D. The text is bilingual and, as the editor notes, le corps de l'acte est ecrit en latin, mais le mode de redaction reste grec puisque l'acte est etabli, selon [aforme personnelle, au nom du debiteur, comme dans le Xczpoypacpov. This document contains the main elements of P.Heid., i.e. consular dUling , denarii , and date after Ca lellt/al!. 16 8. Christiansen, On De.l1.orii and Olller Coill-1'erms in rhe Papyri, ZPE 54 (1984) 278ff. reports two other kinds of documents mentioning denarii: a) Jewish tax receipts on ostraca, b) official documents (e.g. imperial laws) using denarii as a reckoning unit and accounting device. Both these cases have to be ruled out because the character of cheirographon contradicts them. The latter also observes that private documents mentioning denarii were, as a rule, drawn up outside Egypt (278-279, 282, 284) or subsequently 12 Stamatios Busses The dating formula after consuls 17, of whom the first was an emperor, contains the twice mentioned (1.4-5 and 8-9) co gnomen ending in -tKuv6<;18. The cognomen 'Aq>ptKUv6<; - fitting for the papyrus - indicates fOUf consulships: a) Traianus and T. Sextius Africanus 19 in 112 A.D., b) emperor Elagabal or emperor Severus Alexander and Gordianus (the later emperor Gordianus 1.) as consul in about 222 AD.20, for which the consulship of Gordianus is uncertain, c) emperor Severus Alexander and the later emperor Gordianus 11. as consul, at anytime and if Gordianus has served as consul under Severus Alexander21 and d) emperor Maximinus Thrax and consul M. Pupienius Africanus in 236 A.D.22. The same difficulty in arriving at solid conclusions applies also to the provenance of the papyrus: although it cannot be excluded that the document was written in Egypt, being attributable to a military environment (accounts, contracts) that uses denarii as a reckoning unit and an accounting device, two elements strongly suggest that the document was drawn up outside the confines of Egypt23 : The papyrus is dated after consuls and mentions Roman money. Dating with consuls before the reform of Diocletian is a general characteristic of non-Egyptian papyri 24 and it is safe to assurne brought to Egypt (285). - Typical characteristics of cheirographa originating from provinces of the Roman Empire other than Egypt, and known to date are the loss of the letterform and having the dating formula at the beginning of the document, not the case on this papyrus (Wolff, Recht [no 14] 110, Amelotti, Migliardi Zingale, l:vyypa<pq [no 14] 304). 17 "Distinctly rare before the third century A.D.", as W. J. Tait, A Fragment of a Table of Consuls from Tebtunis, PapCongr XIV, London 1975,303 conc1udes. 18 See comm. 1.5,9. 19 A. Degrassi, I Fasti Consolari dell'Impero Romano. Dal 30 avanti Christo al 6/3 dopo Cristo, Roma 1952, 33. 20 See P. M. M. Leunissen, Konsuln und Konsulare in der Zeit von Commodus bis Severus Alexander (180-236 n.Chr.). Prosopographische Untersuchungen zur senatorischen Elite im römischen Kaiserreich, Amsterdam 1989, 180-181, 369. 21 D. Kienast, Römische Kaisertabelle, Darmstadt 21990, 190; Leunissen, Konsuln (n. 20) 188, 296. 22 Degrassi, Fasti (n. 19) 65, PDura 117, col. i. 23 No information is found in the Heidelberg collection as to the provenance of the papyrus nor can the palaeography provide any evidence. E. Crisci's (Scrivere greco fuori d'Egitto, Ricerche sui manoscritti greco-orientali di origine non egiziana dal IV secolo a.C. all'VIII d.C., [Pap.Flor. 27], Firenze 1996) observations pertinent to non-Egyptian palaeographical features cannot be considered indisputable because it can be argued that a) palaeography can serve only as rough proof and not empirical fact, b) papyri from Egypt also have the same palaeographical features and c) the term non-Egyptian refers to a vast area. In any case, should these characteristics see 21-23 for Syria, 25 for Lycia, 23-24 for Pamphylia, 51ff. for the northern part of the Arabian province, 144ff. for Mesopotamia, especially for the present papyrus Fig. 51-66 (Tav. 12), 113-126, Tav. 21-22 be valid, they are also found in this papyrus. A catalogue of papyri from the Near Eastern provinces is provided by H. M. Cotton, W. E. H. Cockle, F. G. B. Millar, The Papyrology of the Roman Near East: A Survey, JRS 85 (1995) 214-235. 24 Dating after consuls before the Dioc1etian reform is typical for papyri written outside of Egypt, see e.g. in P.Dura 25,26,29,30-32 and P.Babatha 5, 11, 12, 14-16, 17-23, 25-27,31 or in P.Murabba'fit II 114 = SB X 10304 and in BGU III 913. For cases like P.Oxy. XLII 3054 (document drawn up in Bostra, capital of the Arabian province, see P.Oxy. LIV p. xviii), SB XIV 11589 (a Syrian XElptO"'tlJr; is involved, see the discussion of Euripides, Phoenissae 469 and a Consular Date 13 that denarii did not circulate in Egypt before 296 25 . Even rarer is the combination of consular dating with Roman money, which is found only in Latin26 or Greek papyri that have been written without the borders of Egypt before Dioc1etian' s reform 27 . Notwithstanding the weak evidence, the hypothesis I am inc1ined to accept is that the papyrus came from a military camp and later on, having lost its legal value, was recyc1ed as writing material for a school exercise. 1. It is difficult to decide if the traces of ink correspond to the letter e, written by the second hand. It is rather improbable, due to its position, that its function is the numbering of a column, (ZPE 88 [1991], Com. "Upper margin" p. 171; P.oslo II11l5, Com. on numeration of columns p. 169) in case that the papyrus contains extracts of different documents. : The reading is difficult even under magnification. The scribe wrote one letter 2. -]q~lJ above the other. There exists the possibility of reading crtll which points to the formula Öll11ocrtrocrat ltapa tip apXtÖtKacrtf] as in SB I 4651, 4653 and P .Grenf. II 71 Co!. 1, directly followed by the word XEtp6YPa<pov. All these documents from the third century AD. describe the demosiosis of eheirographon (Wolff, Recht [no 14] 112; O. Montevecchi, La papirologia, Torino 1973, 153, 198). It is also possible to read ] tOV, which points to the Kyria-Klausel (Wolff, l.e. 108) under the form of KUPtOV tO xe{p6ypa<pov, as for example in P.Gen. 35; P.Hamb. I 32; BGU I 50, 69, 272; PDiog. 27; P.Flor. 162; CPR I 194; P.Oxy. III 507; PSI XII 1250. :r 3. The ending -Ka followed by t6 implies averb. A verb ending -KatO, leaving yev6llevov without an article, seem less probable. The word yev611evov may be instead of ypacpEv for the common documentary formula: UltAOUV / llovax6v / Ötcrcrov yev611evov. 4-5. il1ta}tOJv AUtOKpatOpoc;: The reading -]tOJv in line 4 allows only the phrase Eltl. ll1tatOJv. The tiular~ of the persons involved must be taken without the characteristic formula tou Kupiou lJllroV. In case of the consulship of the emperor Traianus with the consul T. Sextius Africanus the longest possible titulature to be supplernented will be: Eltl. ll1ta.tOJv AUtOKpatOpOC; Kaicrapoc; NEpoua Tpai:avou kEßacrtOU repllavtKou LlaKtKOU rlap9tKOU KaI. Titou ke~ · tiou 'AcpptKaVou (± 74 characters, P. Bureth, Les titulatures imperiales dans les papyrus, les ostraea et les inscriptions d'Egypte [30 a.C.-284 p.C.], Bruxelles 1964,46-54). For the emperor Elagabal and the consul Gordianus the titulature will be: Eltl. il1tatOJv AUt0KpatOpOC; Kaicrapoc; MapKou AupllAiou 'AvtOJvi- C. Gallazzi, Per un'unifieazione di P.Strasb. inv. 1234 e P.Strasb. inv . 1238, ZPE 22 [1976] 72-73), SB IV 7366 (cm6cpacrtc; of the emperors Severus and Caracalla, expected to be under Roman dating. See also 1. H. Oliver, Greek Constitutions of Early Roman Emperors from Inseriptions and Papyri, Philadelphia 1989,267-469, Nr. 243) and P.Hamb. I 39 BB (receipt from soldiers) which come from Egypt, the specific circumstances of drafting have to be taken into consideration . 25 Christiansen, Denarii (n. 16) 278. 26 E.g. PLond. II 229 p. xxi (24. May 166); ChLA I 12 (7. Oct. after 167); P.Grenf. II 108 (7. Oct. 167); BGU VII 1655 Co!. III (3. June 169). Greek translation of the Latin text with mention of sestertii; P.Mich. VII 451 (206 A.D.). 27 E.g. P.Babatha 37 (Maoza, 131 A.D.); P .Turner 22 (Side, 142 AD.); P .Murabba'iit II 114 = SB X 10304 (Murabba'at, 1717 A.D .); BGU III 913 (Myra, 206 AD .); P.Dura 32 (Dura Europos, 254 AD.). 14 Stamatios Busses VO'U EUcrEßOUC; Eu't'Uxouc; LEßacr'tOu Kat MapKo'U 'Av'tCovivo'U fopOtavoU Prollavou LEIl1tproVtavou 'A<pptKaVou (± 134 characters; Bureth I.c. 107). For Severus Alexander with Gordianus 1. or Gordianus H. (as father and son have the same titulature) it will be: f1tt \l1ta'trov Au'tOKpa'topoc; Kaicrapoc; 9tau IlqaAo'U 'Av'trovivo'U EUcrEßOUC; 'UtOU, 9tau LE1t'ttllio'U Lta'Ul1Po'U EUcrEßOUC; 'Utrovou, MapKo'U AUPllAio'U Lta'Ul1Po'U 'AAE;avopo'U EUcrEßOUC; Eu't'UxouC; LEßacr'tOu apxtEpEroC; Ilqicr'tO'U 01lllapXtKilc; f;o'Ucriac; \l1ta'tO'U 1ta'tpoc; 1ta'tpiooc; Kat MapKo'U 'Av'trovtvo'U fopOtavou Prollavou LEIl1tProVtaVOU 'A<pptKaVou (± 267 characters; Leunissen, Konsuln [no 20] 110). For Maximinus Thrax and consul M. Pupienus Africanus the titulature will be: f1tl una'trov Au'tOKpa'tOpoc; Kaicrapoc; fa'{o'U 'Io'UAto'U OUl1p0'U Mai;wivo'U EucrEßOUC; Eu't'UxouC; LEßacr'tOu Kat MapKO'U ITo'U1ttllVOU 'A<pptKaVou (± 81 characters, Bureth I.C. 110-111). The Gentilicium Pupienius - as given by Degrassi, Fasti (n. 19). 65 - has no other testimonies: M. Peachin, Roman Imperial Titulature and Chronology, AD. 235-284, Amsterdam 1990, 152-156. Although the aforementioned titulatures, being the longest possible, presuppose a considerable width for the papyrus, it is rather uncommon that the complete titulatures are written out in full in the document. 5,9. For cognomina or gentilicia in -tKaVoc; see H. Solin, O. Salomies, Repertorium nominum gentilium et cognominum Latinorum, Hildesheim, Zürich, New York, 1988,455. For the possibility that this ending refers to a cognomen, as implied by its position in the papyrus, see 1. Kajanto, The Latin Cognomina, Helsinki 1965, 19. -tKaVoc; (1.5, 9) as a cognomen of an emperor or a consul leaves only two possibilities: 'A<pptKaVoc; (PIR2 I, S.V.; Degrassi, Fasti [no 19] 242) and faAAtKaVoc; (R. S. Bagnall, A. Cameron, S. R. Schwartz, K. A. Worp, Consuls of the Later Roman Empire, Atlanta 1987,714,721; PIR 2 IV, S.V.; Degrassi l.c. 253; see also Tait, Table of Consuls [no 17] 304: 1.150 ty] crK['U]AAay[- , mutilated form of M. Gavius Squilla Gallicanus. The consul Ovinius Gallicanus (cos. '317 and 330; Degrassi l.c. 79, 80 and Bagnall et al. I.c. 168, 194) can be ruled out, because his consulship was always with other consuls, not with an emperor. 5. ITpo E1t'ta points to dating after the Roman calendar, followed by the name of the month after line 5 (e.g. P.Oxy. XLII 3018,10: 1tpO E1t'ta Eiorov ßEKEvßpirov; P.Babatha 16,9: 1tpO 'tEcrcraprov vrovvrov ßEKEIlßpirov; P.Oxy. I 43 Col. V: 1tPO 'tEcrcraprov KaAEVOrov !lJEßpapirov). The same is repeated in line 9. 7. The sum of 67 denarii and 10 assaria equals to 270 dr. 3 ob. (the parity of 1:4 is not always secure, see P. Cugusi, CEL II, Comment. 13,7 and 72, 6. During the 2 nd cent. AD. the sum corresponds to living expenses of one man per year, cf. H.-J. Drexhage, Preise, Mieten/ Pachten, Kosten und Löhne im römischen Ägypten, St. Katharinen 1991,453. 11. - ] 1tPOC; 't~v 'tta: If the reading of the papyrus is - ] npoc; 't~v 1ta-, we can assurne 1tpOC; 't~. 1tucrav 1ticr'ttv Kat ßEßairocrlY and the similar (e.g. BGU XII 2180; the formul~ P.Amh. II 95; P.BerILeihg. 21; P.Ant. I 42). Nevertheless, an examination under magnification shows the beginning of a vertical line above the horizontal stroke of what is supposed to be a 1t, which does not allow the reading na. In case of reading 'tta, we can complete the word as 'ttau'tllv = 'tau'tllv (P.Mich. XIII 667, 48) or 'ttau'tllv = 'tOtau'tllV (F. Th. Gignac, A Grammar of the Greek Papyri of the Roman and Byzantine Periods, I: Phonology, Milano 1976,272), which offers no possible solutions. Facolta di Lingue Universita degli studi di Bad Via Garruba no. 6 1-70122 Bari Stamatios Busses Tafell zu Busses, S. 9ff. (P.Heid. Inv. G 1744)