XVI. Yüzyılda Ermeni Göçlerine Dair Bir Değerlendirme

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Journal of Turkish Studies, 2014

Konya Ticaret Odası Konya Kitabı XVII - Geçmişten Günümüze Göçler, Cilt 1, 2019

XV-XVI. CENTURY AKŞEHİR MIGRATIONS ABSTRACT The phenomenon of migration that started with the existence of human beings has formed in Akşehir and its environs in 15-16th century is based on two main characters: mass and individual. Individual migrations have also been manifested in four sub-groups: city to city, city to village, village to city, and village to village. Since arrivals, departures and settlements of nomadic groups take place in the countryside within or outside of the sanjak, their movements were also evaluated in the last two groups. The first mass exodus was made by exile to Trabzon, Istanbul and Rumelia after 1466, the second one was made to Cyprus in 1572 with the same method. While in the first one, the establishment of Ottoman domination in the region and the acceleration of the Ottomanization process were requested, in the second, it was aimed to strengthen the island of Cyprus with secure elements and to turn it into a homeland as soon as possible. These two waves of migration were essentially imperative and it had a character from the inside out. Individual migrations were more prevalent than mass migrations and could be followed at any period between 1466-1584. In this period with the movements of nomadic groups, migrants came forward from the village to the city and from the village to the village. Nomadics are seen as either excluding groups, which are members of different administrative and economic units, or retail settlements in various villages, while land is the center of the journey from village to town and from village to village. All of the settlers in Akşehir are landless peasants with the status of caba and bennak. Also, people who immigrated from village to village are those who cannot find land or want to cultivate more land where they live. From this point of view, it can be said that mass migrations in Akşehir are carried out by state force and individual migrations are done by people’s own will. While in the first, the priorities of the central government came to fore, in the other, it is seen that the concerns such as the livelihoods of individuals and a better future are highlighted. Since such issues as livelihood, security and a better future constitute the most natural expectations of every human being, such migration movements have been seen in every period and it will continue to seen. Keywords: Peasant, Nomadic, Land, Settlement, Exile

turkishstudies.net

2019

RUMELIA KADISHIPS IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 16TH CENTURY ABSTRACT Subprovinces (kaza) as juridical and administrative departments in the Ottoman State have been divided into two main groups named mevleviyet and kasaba kadiships according to their population, place and the type of income of their kadis. Important districts (sanjak) and subprovinces in Anatolia, the Balkans and Arabian geography like Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem, Uskudar, Eyub, Galata, Thessaloniki, Aleppo, Bagdad, and especially Bursa, Edirne and Istanbul, the former capitals of the Ottoman State have been defined as mevleviyet kadiships. Personnel affairs like assignment, promotion, dismissal of kadis who were assigned to these groups of subprovinces have been carried out by the seyhulislam as from the second half of the XVIth century. Subprovinces besides from mevleviyet kadiships has been referred to as kasaba kadiships. Personnel affairs of kadis assigned to these subprovinces have been conducted by the kadiasker (military judge) departments headed by the Anatolian and Rumelia kadiaskers. This study deals with the kasaba kadiships at the Balkan Peninsula, western coasts of the Black Sea and the islands in the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean which were under the authority of the Rumelia kadiaskership within the Ottoman subprovince organisation. The status of Rumelia kadiships in these regions shall be enlightened based on information in a journal at Suleymaniye Library, Esad Efendi, no. 3384. Besides, changes in time of said subprovinces will be examined by comparing information of said manuscript with the data of three works on the ranges of Rumelia kadiships made in different times. In this frame this study shall enlighten the development processes of subprovinces which are considered the most important department of the provincial organisation of the Ottoman State. Keywords: XVIth century, Subprovince, Kadi, Rumelia, Ottoman

1071 Malazgirt savaşı sonrası Türklerin Anadolu'ya girmesi ile birlikte Türkleri durdurmak amacı ile 1096 yılında başlayan haçlı seferleri kesintisiz olarak yüzlerce yıl devam etti. 1096'dan günümüze uzanan süreçte Avrupalı devletler Türklere karşı birçok alanda ittifaklar kurdular. Bu ittifaklar genelde Anadolu'dan Türkleri atmak ve Türklerin egemenliğinde yaşayan Hristiyanları özgürleştirmek temelinde olmuştur. Bu çalışmamızda Ermeni milliyetçiliğinin oluşmasında ve gelişmesinde önemli bir paya sahip olan haçlı ittifakları ve Hristiyan birliği projeleri ile bunların Ermeniler üzerinde etkileri üzerinde durulacaktır. Çalışmamızın ana malzemesini Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivinde bulunan arşiv kayıtları oluşturmaktadır.