the department of economics, thiruvalluvar University, serkkadu, vellore, tamil nadu
8. GLOBALIZATION AND ITS IMPACT IN INDIA –
A STUDY
Dr.G.YOGANANDHAM, Associate Professor, Department of Economics,
Thiruvalluvar University, Serkadu Vellore.
S.SAMPATH, Ph.D. Research Scholar, Department of Economics Thiruvalluvar,
University Serkadu Vellore.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
G
lobalization is the most widely
debated and discussed phenomenon
in all over the world. The world opinion is
divided on what constitute globalization
and whether the globalization is good
or bad? Handful of scholars’ perceived
globalization as the only way to make
the hunger free and prosperous. On the
contrary evidences shows that poverty,
both absolute and relative has increased
in the countries where these policies
are implemented. The various world
bank reports supports those evidences.
This has raised the serious doubt about
achieving the millennium development
goals, more particularly the first goals to
‘eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
by the year 2015.
Globalization whether good or bad almost
every nation state is bound to become a
part of a global economy. Some thinkers
called it a ‘new world order’. In this so
called new world order which does not
exists today in its fullest form, what
will be the stats of welfare and where
would the poor go?. The privatization
and liberalization of the Indian economy
has shaken the very social fabric of
the Indian society. The caste system in
Indian which is based on the principle
inequality whether those inequalities
(social and economical) are going to
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diminished or perpetuated further in
the period of globalization? Are they
be able to compete with the changing
scenario? What will happen with their
occupation? Are they able to get quality
education? What changes globalization
has brought into their lifestyles? Do they
have new skills so as to get the benefits
of globalization? Is there any social and
occupation mobility among them in view
of globalization or are they stagnated?
Etc. needs to be answered if they have to
become a citizen of a global communitydreamed as a knowledge society.
The neobuddhist in India are the most
vulnerable group assumed to be severely
affected by the policies of globalization.
The earlier state policies of protective and
positive led a microscopic section of that
population to come up from the vicious
cycle of poverty and discrimination. Few
of them were on the verge of coming out
of age old social and economics slavery.
The sudden changed in the role of the
state as a facilitator of economy has
long-term implications for the poor and
disadvantages section like neobuddhist
in India. Dr.b.r.ambekar and his legacy to
uplift rhea poor has suffered a set back.
Akola district which comes under the
vidarbha region in Maharashtra, even if,
comically and industrially the district is
relatively backward as compared to the
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other districts, on political front it has
always been referred as a model of dalit
Bahaman politics. The district came into
liomelighr recently in connection with
series of farmers suicides. There were
some organized protests against the log
by the delist based political parties and
some social organization reported in the
news papers. Akola being a native district
of the researcher, had added advantage
in understanding the various dimensions
and the issues pertaining to the problem
under study. Keeping this in mind the
study was undertaken with the following
objectives.
GLOBALIZATION
The
team
globalization
means
international integration.
►
Opening up of world trade,
development of advanced means of
communication, internationalization of
financial markets, growing importance
of MNC’s, population migrations and
more generally increased mobility of
persons, goods, capital, data and ideas.
►
It is a process through which the
diverse world is unified In to a single
society.
►
Economic impact of globalization
in India
►
Multilateral
agreements
in
trade, taking on such new agendas as
environments and socials conditions
►
New multilateral agreements
for service, intellectual properties
communication, and more binding on
nation governments than any previous
agreements.
►
Market
economic
policies
spreading around the world, with greater
privatization and liberalization than in
earlier decades.
►
Growing global markets in
services. Peoples can now execute trade
services globally – from medical advice
software writing to data processing that
could never really be traded before.
INDIA’S PROBLEM WITH GLOBALIZATION
►
some section of people in India,
basically poor and very, tribal groups,
they did not feel the heat of globalization
at all. They remain poor & poorest as
they were.
►
Increased gap between rich and
poor fuels potential terrorist reaction.
►
Ethical responsibility of business
has been diminished.
►
Youth group of India leaving their
studies very early and joining call centers
to earn easy money thereby losing their
social life after getting habituated with
monotonous word.
►
High growth but problem of
unemployment.
►
Multi party rule, hence political
ideology
intervenes
globalization
(reservation, labor law reforms).
►
Price hike of every daily usable
commodities.
IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATIONS ON
AGRICULTURE IN INDIA
►
Agriculture acquires 17% of India’s
GDP in 2008.
►
60% of population still depends on
agriculture for their livelihood.
►
Occupied
43%
of
India’s
geographical areas.
►
Agriculture scientists are applying
new technologies and instrumental in
growing crops.
►
Different state governments of
India are taking initiative to literate the
farmers.
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the department of economics, thiruvalluvar University, serkkadu, vellore, tamil nadu
TECHNOLOGICAL
&
CULTURAL
IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION IN
INDIA
►
Telecommunication and software
industries are booming in India.
►
Entertainment sector in India
has a worldwide marker. Bollywood
movies are distributed and accepted
worldwide. big international companies
(Walt disney,20th century fox, Columbia
pictures) are investing on this sector.
►
Famous international branda
(Armani, Gucci, nike, omega etc. )are
investing in the Indian market with
changing of fashion statements of
Indians.
TECHNOLOGICAL
&
CULTURAL
IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION IN
INDIA.
►
Access to television grew from 20%
of the urban population (1991) to 90%
of the urban population (2009). Even in
the rural areas satellite television has a
grown up marker.
►
In the cities internet facility is
everywhere . extension of internet
facilities even to rural areas.
►
Global foods chain /restaurants
has already found a huge market in the
urban areas of India.
►
Lavish multiplex movie halls, big
shopping malls and high rise residential
are seen in every cities.
GLOBALIZATION’S INDIRECT EFFECTS
In their excellent review of the literature
on the PHH and PHE, Copeland and Taylor
(2004) Credit some of the recent success
in uncovering impacts of globalization
on the environment to the pairing of
theory and empirics. In the early 1990s,
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researchers identified that globalization
is likely to impact the environment
through three principle channels, scale,
and technique effects
The composition effect measures changes
in emission arising from the change in a
country’s industrial composition following
trade liberalization. If, for example,
liberalization induces an eonimy,s service
sector to expand and its heavy industry
to contract, the country’s total emissions
will likely fall since the expanding sector
is less emission intensive.Following
resource reallocation within countries,
a second indirect environmental effect
from liberalization is the scale effect;
more efficient allocation of resources
within countries shifts out the global
production possibilities frontier , raising
the size of the industry pollution base,
resulting in greater global emissions other
things being equal. Finally, the technique
effect refers to the plethora of channels
through which trade liberalization
impacts’ the rate at which industry and
households pollute. These channels
include changes in the stringency of
environmental regulation in response to
income growth or the political climate
surrounding regulation; the technique
effect also includes technology transfer
facilitated by trade.
CONCLUSION
Flowing with globalization ,India is
shining in nearly every prospects. India
is getting a global recognition and
slowly moving towards to become a
major economics and political strength.
Though the development is progressing
rapidly ,still many basic problems like
rural poverty, corruption and political
instability remained unsolved.
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It was indicated in the paper that it is
important to differentiate to differentiate
the concept of globalization from
internationalization and regionalization.
Li was also indicated that globalization
hade some specific effects on the
economies of the developing countries
of Africa. It was indicated that under
certain circumstances globalization can
lead to higer unemployment and an
increasing sleekness in the distribution
of income between development of the
respective countries.
2) Antle, J.M. and G. Heidebrink (1995),
“Environment
and
Development.
Theory and International Evidence”
Economic Development and Cultural
Change,43,pp.603-625.
3) Website :
Reserve bank or India,
Ministry of finance & commerce, India
Indian chamber of commerce
IBFF
IFFCO
IBN
Google images.
REFERENCES
1)Aitken, b.j. and a.e Harrison (1999),
“do domestic firms benefit from foreign
investment? Evidence from Venezuela”,
economic development and cultural
change , 43 , pp603-625
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Dr. G. YOGANANDHAM