3. BİLSEL INTERNATIONAL AHLAT SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES CONGRESS, 08/09 JUNE, 2024
CONGRESS ID
CONGRESS TITLE
3. BİLSEL INTERNATIONAL AHLAT SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES CONGRESS
DATE and PLACE
08/09 JUNE, 2024
BİTLİS/TÜRKİYE
GENERAL COORDINATOR
Dr. Bahar ALTUNOK
EDITOR
Dr. Nurten Ebru ÖZDEMİR
ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
Chairman of the Organizing Committee
Dr. Nurten Ebru ÖZDEMİR
University Academician Representative
Prof. Dr. Aitkul MAKHAYEVA/Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University
Doç. Dr. Adem DOĞAN/Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi
Doç. Dr. Fatih KOÇYİĞİT/Dicle Üniversitesi
Doç. Dr. Semra AY/Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi
Dr. Ayten CANTAŞ BAĞDAŞ/Pamukkale Üniversitesi
Dr. Derya KARATAŞ/Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi-Türkiye
Dr. İbrahim PINARCI/Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi
Dr. Merdin DANIŞMAZ/Kırşehir Ahi Evran Üniversitesi, Türkiye
Dr. Şermin KOÇYİĞİT/Dicle Üniversitesi
Members
Professor Geoffrey Mitchell
Prof. Dr. Hassan ZARIOUH
Associate Professor Abdelkarim BOUA
Professor Laura DIACONU MAXIM
Doç. Dr. Gökçe CEREV
Doç. Dr. Kader DAĞCI KIRANŞAN
Doç. Dr. Mehmet Veysi BABAYİĞİT
Associate Professor Mohammad Jafar Chamankar
Doç. Dr. Murat DÜZGÜN
Doç. Dr. Mehmet ILKIM
Doç. Dr. Pelin AKSEN
Dr. Bala Subramani Gattu Linga
Dr. Bentahar Mohammed
Dr. Kardina Engelina Siregar
Dr. Mansoor Ahmed
Dr. Moses Adeolu AGOI
Dr. Murat KIRANŞAN
Dr. Sándor Földvári
Dr. Yılmaz Ulvi UZUN
Öğr. Gör. Murat ÇELİK
ORGANIZATION
BİLSEL
https://bilselkongreleri.com
All rights of this book belong to ASTANA PUBLICATIONS.
Authors are responsible both ethically and juridically
Release Date: 24 June 2024
Bu kitabın tüm hakları ASTANA YAYINLARI yayınevine aittir.
Kitap ticari bir kar amacı gütmemektedir.
Yayın Tarihi: 24 Haziran 2024
ISBN: 978-625-6501-86-7
I
3. BİLSEL INTERNATIONAL AHLAT SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES CONGRESS, 08/09 JUNE, 2024
SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE
Doç. Dr. Özkan AÇIŞLI
Atatürk Üniversitesi-Türkiye
Doç. Dr. Pelin AKSEN
Kırıkkale Üniversitesi-Türkiye
Doç. Dr. Ümit AYATA
Bayburt Üniversitesi-Türkiye
Doç. Dr. Yavuz Selim Kafkasyalı
Kafkas Üniversitesi-Türkiye
Dr. Anitha R.
Bharathi Women’s College-India
Dr. Ayşe ŞALLI
Karabük Üniversitesi-Türkiye
Dr. Belkacem BELABBAS
Université Ibn Khaldoun - Tıaret-Algerıe
Dr. Bentahar Mohammed
University Moulay Tahar of Saida- Algeria
Dr. Binyam Zigta
Wachemo University-Ethiopia
Dr. Brahim Meziani
University of Djillali Bounaama-Algeria
Dr. Fuat TÜRK
Kırıkkale Üniversitesi-Türkiye
Dr. Göksel ULAY
Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi-Türkiye
Dr. Hamid GADOURI
Khemis Miliana University-Algeria
Dr. İbrahim PINARCI
Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi
Dr. Irina-Ana DROBOT
Technical University of Civil Engineering BucharestRomania
Dr. Kardina Engelina Siregar,
Islamic University State of Sultan Syarif Kasim RiauIndonesia
Dr. Mirela KAPO
New York University-Albania
Dr. Moses Adeolu AGOI
Tai Solarin University of Education-Nigeria
Dr. Mansoor Ahmed
Government College University Faisalabad- Pakistan
Dr. Murat GENÇ
Atatürk Üniversitesi-Türkiye
Dr. Murat KIRANŞAN
Gümüşhane Üniversitesi-Türkiye
Dr. Musa ÇAKIR
Siirt Üniversitesi-Türkiye
Dr. Safa BEJOAUI
University of Tunis El Manar-Tunisia
Dr. Sándor Földvári
Debrecen University, Hungary
Dr. Vidya Padmakumar
Bangalore University-India
Dr. Yılmaz Ulvi UZUN
Bitlis
Eren
Üniversitesi
Türkiye
Professor Geoffrey Mitchell
Polytechnic Institute of Leiria Centro Empresarial da
Marinha Grande Rua de Portugal
Prof. Dr. Hassan ZARIOUH
Mohammed I University, Oujda Morocco
Professor Laura DIACONU MAXIM
Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi- Romania
Prof. Dr. Lindita DURMISHI
Aleksander Xhuvani University, Elbasan-Albania
Prof. Dr. Margherita Mori
University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila-Italy
Prof.Dr. Nana Jincharadze
European University-Georgia
Prof. Dr. Natalia Shchukina
Tiraspol Shevchenko State University-Republic of Moldova
Prof. Dr. Razika Ihaddadene
Med Boudiaf University-Algeria
Prof. Dr. Sadhna Jain
University of Delhi-India
Prof. Dr. Süleyman GEZER
Hitit Üniversitesi-Türkiye
Prof. Dr. Tursun Xazretali
Ahmet Yesevi Üniversitesi-Kazakistan
Prof. Dr. Yusuf ÖZKIR
Medipol Üniversitesi -Türkiye
Prof. Dr. Zariouh Hassan
Mohamed I University, Maroc
Doç. Dr. Abdulkerim DİLER
Atatürk Üniversitesi-Türkiye
Associate Professor Abdelkarim BOUA
Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University- Moroc
Doç. Dr. Akın KIRBAŞ
Atatürk Üniversitesi-Türkiye
Doç. Dr. Ayhan KARAKAŞ
Bartın Üniversitesi-Türkiye
Doç. Dr. Gökçe CEREV
Kocaeli Üniversitesi-Türkiye
Doç. Dr. H. Burçin HENDEN ŞOLT
Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi-Türkiye
Doç. Dr. Kader DAĞCI KIRANŞAN
Atatürk Üniversitesi-Türkiye
Doç. Dr. Mehmet ILKIM
İnönü Üniversitesi-Türkiye
Associate Professor Mohammad Jafar Chamankar
Urmia University- Iran
Doç. Dr. Murat DÜZGÜN
İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi-Türkiye
Doç. Dr. Murat TASTANBEKOV
"Aziret Sultan" Müzesi,
Ahmet Yesevi Üniversitesi- Kazakistan
Doç. Dr. Nurlan Baigabylov
L.n. Gumilyov Eurasian National University-Kazakhstan
Doç. Dr. Özge TEMİZ
Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi
II
3. BİLSEL INTERNATIONAL AHLAT SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES CONGRESS, 08/09 JUNE, 2024
3. BİLSEL INTERNATIONAL AHLAT
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES CONGRESS
08-09 JUNE-2024
BİTLİS/TÜRKİYE
CONGRESS PROGRAM
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3. BİLSEL INTERNATIONAL AHLAT SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES CONGRESS, 08/09 JUNE, 2024
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IV
3. BİLSEL INTERNATIONAL AHLAT SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES CONGRESS
ENFORCEMENT OF IMMIGRATION AND IMPLEMENTATION: A NARRATIVE OF NATIONS
POLICIES
Ananda Majumdar
(0000-0003-3045-0056) - ORCID | Connecting Research and Researchers
Ananda Majumdar | University of Alberta - Academia.edu
anandamajumdar2@gmail.com
Abstracts: Definitions nations are characterized by immigration policies, a procedure that can enter, who must
leave, and who qualifies for membership, which is central to nation-state sovereignty. In the United States,
immigrants are welcome, but it has also been observed that they are inferior based on classification, such as the
poor class of the immigrants; they are undesirable and racially lower in the society or community. The American
immigration policy thus shows its commencement. Decision-makers such as political leaders are worried about
undocumented immigrants, who burden the U.S. public resources and increase crimes. Lawmakers, therefore, are
trying to implement various penalties through lawful adjustment. Every state of the United States set up an
admission criterion and established a state immigration board to regulate passengers at the port. The initiative has
been taken due to the federal government's need for more capability to handle newcomers. The federal and local
governments of the United States had a long struggle over the issue of immigration policies, newcomers, and the
role of regional and national police over the issue. Federally, a naturalization law had been passed, but it did not
regulate the eviction of foreigners. Local-based laws have been created to control immigration, and conflicts have
been raised every time between the local and federal governments; after all, the management of immigration
control is in the national hands, but local authorities have tried to manage immigration policies in their territories.
Several lawful and unlawful arrests by the local police occurred, which is why issues continue to increase. The
paper aims to understand the problems of U.S. regional and federal government immigration policies. The outcome
is to know clearly about the control of immigration policies and its regulations both locally and federally. The
methodology was based on the constant reading of articles and a documentary analysis. The feature question is how
immigration policy has been accepted by both federal and local government and their police system to control
immigration.
Keywords: Migration, Forceful Migration, Immigration, Emigration, Unlawful Migration Versus Lawful
Migration, Homeland Security, Department of Justice, Narcotics and Irregular Migration, Mobilization of
International Partnership, Strength Border Security, Citizenship and Immigration Canada, Canada Border Service
Agency, Immigration India and South Asian Illegal Migration to India, Biometrics, Refugee Reformation, Privacy
Act. Southern Asia.
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3. BİLSEL INTERNATIONAL AHLAT SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES CONGRESS
Introduction: The current 1Biden-Harris administration of the United States has taken decisive action to strengthen
the border and its security. This is a sustained effort by the administration to exercise its full authority for law
enforcement and impose consequences for irregular migration, including entering the United States unlawfully.
2
Homeland Security thus takes steps to leverage existing resources within its boundary coordination with federal
and international partners for a meaningful impact.
3
Homeland Security has taken actions to strengthen
immigration laws and deter irregular migration, including its recording system about individuals' data. 4DHS has
responded to the government's response to irregular migration, increasing the number of agents and officers on the
southwest borders to over 24000, adding more support personnel from across the department, and securing the first
significant increase of Border Patrol agents. 5Homeland security bolstered the technical developments along with
the border by deploying surveillance towers and non-intrusive inspection systems at ports of entry to detect
narcotics and other contraband more actively. It has implemented significant infrastructure and process
improvements to enhance the ability to deploy consequences for unlawful entry at the border. 6Since 2021, DHS
has taken facilities, such as constructing many facilities, modernizing processing systems, supporting transportation
systems, and creating a fair process for removing people. As a result, an estimated 740,000 7 people have been
removed from the United States within a fair system and method. 8In 2023, DHS implemented the 'Circumvention
of Lawful Pathways' rule to discourage irregular immigration and used the lawful pathways by placing a
commonsense condition on asylum ineligibility for certain noncitizens who fail to pursue the safe, orderly and
lawful process for entry into the United States or seeking protection in another country through which they
travelled. 9USCIS has revised guidance for asylum officers to consider whether an asylum seeker could reasonably
1 fact sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen
St
Partnerships—paragraph 1 .
Border Security, Reduce Irregular Migration, and Mobilize International
2
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular Migration, and Mobilize International Partnerships—
paragraph 2nd.
3
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular Migration, and Mobilize International Partnerships.
Strengthening and Expanding Enforcement of Consequences. Paragraph 1 st.
4
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular Migration, and Mobilize International Partnerships.
Strengthening and Expanding Enforcement of Consequences. Paragraph 1 st.
5
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular Migration, and Mobilize International Partnerships.
Strengthening and Expanding Enforcement of Consequences. Paragraph 2 nd.
6
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular Migration, and Mobilize International Partnerships.
Strengthening and Expanding Enforcement of Consequences. Paragraph 3 rd.
7
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular Migration, and Mobilize International Partnerships.
Strengthening and Expanding Enforcement of Consequences. Paragraph 3 rd.
8
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular Migration, and Mobilize International Partnerships.
Strengthening and Expanding Enforcement of Consequences. Paragraph 4 th.
9
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular Migration, and Mobilize International Partnerships.
Strengthening and Expanding Enforcement of Consequences. Paragraph 6 th.
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3. BİLSEL INTERNATIONAL AHLAT SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES CONGRESS
claim future persecution in all credible fear cases. 1The Department of Justice prioritizes prosecution involving
smugglers and increased penalties for the most prolific and dangerous human smugglers. 2It has announced the
'Anti-Smuggling Reward' initiative to offer financial rewards for information leading to the identification, location,
arrest or conviction of high-priority human smuggling targets. Homeland Security also worked with many
3
international partners throughout the hemisphere to stem extracontinental migration through increased use of
transit visas and passenger vetting. 4The administration acted from partner nations to expand lawful pathways,
address the root causes of irregular migration, and reduce the flows of migrants through Darien and Central
America and Mexico.
Literature Review: internationally, Homeland Security and the other migration departments of the United States
have taken steps such as coordination with the 5Mexican Government on continued enforcement efforts to include
their independent decision to accept certain non-Mexicans being returned and removed to Mexico from the United
States. It has continued the Lod Angeles Declaration6 on Migration and Protection alongside 22 countries across
the hemisphere, including a second anniversary ministerial in 7Guatemala to reaffirm shared responsibility for
reducing and managing irregular migration. 8DHS (Homeland Security) has negotiated worldwide to conduct
additional removal flights, with several flights doubling or trailing for some countries. Every week, DHS conducts
dozens of removal flights worldwide across the Western hemisphere. DHS has partnered with the Department of
State and partner countries to impose transit visa requirements for specific nationalities and sanction charter
airlines that knowingly bring migrants to the Western hemispheres who arrive at the southwest border. Through
1
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular Migration, and Mobilize International Partnerships.
Strengthening and Expanding Enforcement of Consequences. Paragraph 9 th.
2
Fact Sheet: DHS's Key Achievements in Strengthening Border Security, Reducing Irregular Migration, and Mobilizing International
Partnerships. Strengthening and Expanding Enforcement of Consequences. Paragraph 9 th.
3
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular Migration, and Mobilize International Partnerships.
Mobilizing International Partnerships and Bolstering Cooperation. Paragraph 1 st.
4
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular Migration, and Mobilize International Partnerships.
Mobilizing International Partnerships and Bolstering Cooperation. Paragraph 1 st.
5
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular Migration, and Mobilize International Partnerships. They
are mobilizing International Partnerships and Strengthening Cooperation—paragraph 1st.
6
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular Migration and Mobilize International Partnerships. They are
mobilizing International Partnerships and Bolstering Cooperation—Paragraph 2nd.
7
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular Migration and Mobilize International Partnerships. They are
mobilizing International Partnerships and Bolstering Cooperation—Paragraph 2nd.
8
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular Migration and Mobilize International Partnerships. They are
mobilizing International Partnerships and Bolstering Cooperation—Paragraph 3rd.
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3. BİLSEL INTERNATIONAL AHLAT SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES CONGRESS
collaborations such as 1'Joint Task Force Alpha' and targeted operations such as 2'Operation Plaza Spike and other
high-impact efforts, it has worked with Mexico and other partners in Central America and across the hemisphere to
destroy and dismantle smuggling operations at every level. 3An estimated 18000 smugglers throughout the region
have been arrested, and thousands here in the United States have been prosecuted under federal law. Even though
irregular migration, smuggling, and human trafficking continue across the world. Therefore, migration is a
dangerous issue, just like other global issues, which has also been focused on by the Canadian Immigration
program and has taken many initiatives for refugee claimants, asylum claimants, student travellers, and permanent
emigrants to Canada. Emigration and migration issues in the Indian subcontinent have been indicated differently.
Because of the population explosion, people have migrated regionally from country to country, especially from the
neighbourhood of India to Indian territories.
Methodology: The paper has been assumed through subordinate data sources, including academic articles,
websites, etc. The description of sources follows the essay's writing method, reading, gathering in-depth insights on
topics, exploring ideas, summarizing, interpreting, and mainly expressing them in words (documentary analysis
through a qualitative approach). The paper discussed the immigration policies implemented by both Homeland
Security in the United States and Citizenship & Immigration Canada for the betterment of the migration policies,
rescuing irregular immigrants, human trafficking, smuggling, etc. It has been a problem in the Western hemisphere
for illegal immigration from the South, especially from Central and South American countries. It was not the
people's fault, but they were influenced by the smugglers for illegal immigration and faced problems with
homeland security. For the betterment of the refugee problem, reducing unlawful migration and creating better
rational policies, both Homeland Security and Citizenship and Immigration Canada took initiatives to escape the
Western hemispheres from migration problems. Many people from developing countries come to Canada as
tourists under tourist visas. Then they apply for political asylum for a permanent stay, which is a wrong idea and
dream for them. Political asylum is only possible if their original countries are war-affected. Without strong and
proper documentation for the reason of political asylum, they were finally deported, making their travelling record
worse. They may be banned as well. Therese is all through the falsified agents and smugglers who let them
1
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular Migration and Mobilize International Partnerships. They are
mobilizing International Partnerships and Bolstering Cooperation—Paragraph 7th.
2
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular Migration and Mobilize International Partnerships. They are
mobilizing International Partnerships and Bolstering Cooperation—Paragraph 7th.
3
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular Migration and Mobilize International Partnerships. They are
mobilizing International Partnerships and Bolstering Cooperation—Paragraph 7th.
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3. BİLSEL INTERNATIONAL AHLAT SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES CONGRESS
understand all fraudulent policies and rules. Therefore, this paper has discussed steps that Homeland Security and
Canada have taken for lawful immigration through permanent residency, which can be done quickly. The programs
and policies of the United States and Canada have been expressed for better communication and coordination for
the immigration departments and for reducing illegal immigration.
Discussion: Homeland Security has taken steps like partnering with the 1Department of State for the establishment
of 2'Safe Mobility Offices throughout the region for the expansion to access lawful pathways such as the 3U.S.
Refugee Admissions Program (USRAP) and others in the United States and partnered countries such as 4Canada,
and Spain. Therefore, people can take safe journeys to the southwest border. 5Over 10,000 refugees have arrived in
the United States through this initiative thus far. 6Home security established country-specific parole processes for
certain nationals of Cuba, Haiti, Nicaragua, and Venezuela (CHNV). 7Throughout the end of April 2024, an
estimated 435,000 CHNV nationals with a U.S.-based supporter had been screened, vetted and received advanced
travel authorization for a lawful arrival to the United States. 8It has expanded H-2 non-immigrant visa programs
and has nearly 450,000 H-2 visas, the highest ever, to ensure individuals seeking economic opportunities can
pursue these visas instead of taking irregular journeys to the U.S. border. 9Homeland Security expanded the
capacity at ports of entry by more than 4x using CBP, one mobile application that allows noncitizens to schedule an
appointment to present for the inspection. 10Since January 2023, through the end of April 2024, more than 591,000
individuals have successfully planned to present at ports of entry using CBP instead of risking their lives by
1
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular
Expanded Lawful Pathways and Processes. Paragraph. 1 st.
2
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular
Expanded Lawful Pathways and Processes. Paragraph. 1 st.
3
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular
Expanded Lawful Pathways and Processes. Paragraph 1 st.
4
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular
Expanded Lawful Pathways and Processes. Paragraph 1 st.
5
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular
Expanded Lawful Pathways and Processes. Paragraph 1 st.
6
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular
Expanded Lawful Pathways and Processes. Paragraph 2 nd.
7
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular
Expanded Lawful Pathways and Processes. Paragraph 2 nd.
8
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular
Expanded Lawful Pathways and Processes. Paragraph 3 rd.
9
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular
Expanded Lawful Pathways and Processes. Paragraph 4 th.
10
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular
Expanded Lawful Pathways and Processes. Paragraph 4 th.
1300
Migration and Mobilize International Partnerships.
Migration and Mobilize International Partnerships.
Migration and Mobilize International Partnerships.
Migration and Mobilize International Partnerships.
Migration and Mobilize International Partnerships.
Migration and Mobilize International Partnerships.
Migration and Mobilize International Partnerships.
Migration and Mobilize International Partnerships.
Migration and Mobilize International Partnerships.
Migration and Mobilize International Partnerships.
3. BİLSEL INTERNATIONAL AHLAT SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES CONGRESS
crossing illegally in the hands of smugglers. Homeland Security has implemented a new 1family reunification
parole process that has allowed thousands of nationals of Colombia, El-Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and
Ecuador, whole family members are American citizens or lawful permanent residents and who are the beneficiaries
of an approved family-based petition, to travel to the United States. It was an initiative for the family reunification
parole processes, making it possible for the petitioners from Cuba and Haiti. Throughout this, coordination between
Homeland Security, the Department of Justice, and private agencies, southwest border management has been
tightened by the U.S. Customs and Immigration. It has thus secured and increased 2Border Patrol staffing in over a
decade with 300 additional Agents added in Fiscal Year 2023 and funding Fiscal Year 2024 that would raise that to
as many as 2000 total new agents—deployed hundreds of personnel, support contractors, health providers, and
wrap-around services at 11 soft-sided facilities. 3That also included over 2000 non-uniform and contract personnel
to return agents to the front-line duties in the past two years. 4U.S. Customs and Immigration Enforcement (ICE)
modernized its systems to allow for increased removals and returns after May 2023. 5A shared activity shave has
been opened with non-profit and local communities to receive noncitizens. 6Public Safety Canada provides federal
policy leadership and coordination on various immigration and border issues to ensure that those policies and
programs help to facilitate the flow of legitimate trade and travel and ensure that safety and security are obtained.
7
The Government of Canada works to improve the visa processes and modernize programs by centralizing more of
its overseas processing in Canada. Overseas visa screening is a key tool in preventing the entry of individuals who
threaten Canadians' safety and security and maintaining the integrity of the immigration and refugee systems.
Canada has specific requirements for who can and cannot enter Canada and the type of identification they need.
8
The Canadian Border Services Agency (CBSA) is vigilant in determining the admissibility of individuals by
1
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular Migration and Mobilize International Partnerships.
Expanded Lawful Pathways and Processes. Paragraph 5 th.
2
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular Migration and Mobilize International Partnerships. Our
Dedicated Workforce: The Backbone of Our Security. Paragraph 1 st.
3
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular Migration and Mobilize International Partnerships. Our
Dedicated Workforce: The Backbone of Our Security. Paragraph
1st.
4
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular Migration and Mobilize International Partnerships. Global
Collaboration: A Key Strategy in Reducing Irregular Migration. Paragraph 2nd
5
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular Migration and Mobilize International Partnerships. Global
Collaboration: A Key Strategy in Reducing Irregular Migration. Paragraph 2nd
6
Immigration Enforcement. Paragraph 1st.
7
Immigration Enforcement. Admissibility to Canada. Paragraph 1st.
8
Immigration Enforcement. Admissibility to Canada. Paragraph 2nd.
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3. BİLSEL INTERNATIONAL AHLAT SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES CONGRESS
verifying and identifying them and checking for violations of Canadian law. The CBSA also manages the 1'wanted
by CBSA program' to enlist the public's help in identifying individuals to execute the warrants for their removal.
2
Citizenship and Immigration Canada, in consultation with CBSA and other federal partners, launched a review of
the 3Immigration and Refugee Protection Act in 2010 regarding inadmissibility and related provisions to ensure
that immigration and border officials continue to have the tools necessary to maintain the integrity of Canada's
immigration system. In this context, 4'The Faster Removal of Foreign Criminals Act' has made for the removal of
dangerous foreign criminals and makes it harder for those who pose a risk to Canadians to come to the country
while removing barriers for genuine visitors. The government also manages the 5'War Crimes programs' that seek
to deny war criminals and officials from designated regimes haven in Canada through visa screening, exclusion
from the refugee process, citizens revocation, removal from Canada, criminal investigations and prosecutions. 6In
2013, travellers, students, and cooks from certain visa-required countries and territories were now required to
provide their fingerprints and photos taken before arriving in Canada. When the visa holder arrives at the port of
entry, the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) uses the information to verify that the visa holder is the person
to whom the visa was issued and to determine if they are admissible to Canada. Using 7biometrics strengthens the
integrity of Canada's immigration policy by helping prevent known criminals, failed refugee claims and those
deported in the past from using different identities to obtain visas. 8Biometrics also make legitimate travel easier by
readily confirming identity. Privatization protection is a primary concern for the Government of Canada.
Applicants' Personal information will be used, retained, shared and disposed of according to Canada's privacy
legislation. 9On December 15, 2012, the changes to the immigration and refugee protection system under the
Protecting Canada's Immigration System Act (Bill C-31)10 and the
11
Balanced Refugee Reform Act were
implemented. 12Canada introduces a major reformation to its refugee status determination system to deliver faster
decisions and remove unsuccessful refugee claimants. These reformations include measures to strengthen the
1
Immigration Enforcement. Admissibility to Canada. Paragraph 2nd.
Immigration Enforcement. Admissibility to Canada. Paragraph 3rd.
3
Immigration Enforcement. Admissibility to Canada. Paragraph 3rd.
4
Immigration Enforcement. Admissibility to Canada. Paragraph 4th.
5
Immigration Enforcement. Admissibility to Canada. Paragraph 5th.
6
Immigration Enforcement. Biometrics in Immigration. Paragraph 1st.
7
Immigration Enforcement. Biometrics in Immigration. Paragraph 1st.
8
Immigration Enforcement. Biometrics in Immigration. Paragraph 2nd.
9
Immigration Enforcement. Refugee Reform. Paragraph 1st.
10
Immigration Enforcement. Refugee Reform. Paragraph 1st.
11
Immigration Enforcement. Refugee Reform. Paragraph 1st.
12
Immigration Enforcement. Refugee Reform. Paragraph 2nd.
2
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immigration system by reducing identity fraud using biometric data such as fingerprints and photos in the
1
Temporary Resident Program. The new legislation also has taken initiatives to address irregular arrivals and
smuggling. The Balances 2Refugee Reform Act and the 3Protecting Canada's asylum system included enduring
fairness, protecting genuine refugees and upholding Canada's humanitarian tradition. Migration in the Indian
subcontinent is different. 4People from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, The Islamic Republic of Iran,
Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka have been shaped by major migratory movements in the sub-region and
globally. 5International labour migration has been spared throughout this region as a major labour supplier. The
number of displaced persons and the population of refugees has also increased. The sub-region has been seriously
affected by the pandemic. India accounts for most of both sub-region's infections and deaths, followed by the
Islamic Republic of Iran with nearly 62.6 million cases. It has also been affected in Pakistan and Bangladesh, with
an estimated 7845,833 and 769,160. In most countries, testing has been shallow, raising questions about the
available data's reliability. Migration has been done for many reasons, such as major political events. 8After the
independence of India in 1947, about five million Hindus and Sikhs left Pakistan for India, and about six million
Muslims moved to Pakistan from India. decolonization also triggered large flows from India to the United
Kingdom. After that, many issues have occurred in Southern Asian countries due to the displacement of people.
9
By mid-year 2020, an estimated 13.9 million international migrants resided in the sub-region. Of these, the vast
majority, an estimated 10.9 million, were from within the sub-region. 10Nearly 43.4 million people live in the subregion, with the most emigrants globally.
11
By the end of 2019, southern Asian countries had hosted nearly 3.6
million refugees and asylum seekers. Irregular migration has occurred within southern Asian countries through
smuggling. There are no reliable figures or data, but due to the facilitation of land borders between countries, it has
been easier to migrate to each country.
1
Immigration Enforcement. Refugee Reform. Paragraph 2nd.
2
Immigration Enforcement. Refugee Reform. Paragraph 3rd.
3
Immigration Enforcement. Refugee Reform. Paragraph 3rd.
4
Migration Data in Southern Asia. Paragraph 1st.
5
Migration data in Southern Asia. Past and Present Trends in Migration. Labour Migration. Paragraph 1st.
6
Migration data in Southern Asia. Recent Trends. COVID-19. Paragraph 1st.
7
Migration data in Southern Asia. Recent Trends. COVID-19. Paragraph 1st.
8
Migration data in Southern Asia. Past and Present Trends in Migration. Major Political Events. Paragraph 1st.
9
Migration data in Southern Asia. Recent Trends. Paragraph 3rd.
10
Migration data in Southern Asia. Recent Trends. Paragraph 3rd.
11
Migration data in Southern Asia. Recent Trends. Paragraph 3rd.
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3. BİLSEL INTERNATIONAL AHLAT SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES CONGRESS
Conclusion: The feature question is how immigration policy has been accepted by both federal and local
government and their police system to control immigration. It has been done through coordination, cooperation,
and networking. The United States and Canada have been great examples of the enforcement system in their
immigration program. Millions of people are coming to Canada and the United States, and information about
migrations is needed. Similarly, migration policy has been observed in developing countries in another way. In
southern Asian countries, migration has occurred due to displaced migrants, political issues, natural calamities,
poverty, labour migrants, etc. Therefore, enforcement initiatives have been taken in other areas by South Asian
countries, mainly through India as a regional power and economically advantaged countries in the rest of South
Asian countries. Therefore, enforcement initiatives have been taken in developed countries like the United States
Department of Homeland Security, Citizenship and Immigration Canada, and British Immigration because of
millions of migrants yearly.
On the other hand, it has been taken differently in Southern Asia, especially by India over overseas citizens. The
networking has been made both federal and local, as well as non-governmental services for information about the
locality, the information of illegal people, and so on. It is, therefore, an extensive communication process between
local, regional, and federal departments for the betterment of the system of immigration, as well as for immigrants.
In Canada, the migraine system is evaluated yearly based on occupation demand. Student immigration has changed
a lot as well. Many provincial programs have been paused due to housing and employment problems in the country
and provinces. Immigration has been affected. Therefore, the scenario of the migration policies has been taken
through various ways to regrade its demand, which is citizens' demand due to the security of their everyday lives. A
combined networking process has been crafted for such steps and announcements, benefiting citizens and
immigrants. Intergovernmental activities, including global cooperation between governments such as the Canadian
and the Mexican governments, non-governmental collaboration, and Indian collaboration with South and Southeast
Asian countries, have been possible for implementing the enforcement globally. Therefore, it has not only been
surrendering within countries but also being the border for the arrests of illegal migrants and smugglers. The
development of South Sudan and North Sudan has increased due to many global crises, such as the migration crisis.
COVID-19 was a disaster for more illegal migration for the livelihood due to poverty in developing countries.
Therefore, border security forces worked hard to control this illegal migration, as well as unlawful migrants inside
the countries.
References:
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular Migration, and Mobilize International
Partnerships
|
Homeland
Security.
(2024,
June
4).
Www.dhs.gov.
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3. BİLSEL INTERNATIONAL AHLAT SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES CONGRESS
https://www.dhs.gov/news/2024/06/04/fact-sheet-dhs-continues-strengthen-border-security-reduceirregular-migration-and
ICE. (2016). ICE. Ice.gov. https://www.ice.gov/
Immigration
Enforcement.
(2018,
December
21).
Www.publicsafety.gc.ca.
https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/brdr-strtgs/mmgrtn-nfrcmnt-en.aspx
Immigration, R. and C. C. (2017, November 29). Immigration and citizenship enforcement and violations.
Www.canada.ca. https://www.canada.ca/en/services/immigration-citizenship/enforcement-violations.html
India's immigrant crackdown leaves nearly 2 million in limbo. (2020, February 22). PBS NewsHour.
https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/indias-immigrant-crackdown-leaves-nearly-2-million-stateless
Migration data in Southern Asia. (n.d.). Migration Data Portal. https://www.migrationdataportal.org/regional-dataoverview/southern-Asia
Figure 1: enforcement and migration cartoon - Search Images (bing.com)
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