Moses - what does archeology say?

The existence Moses as well as the Exodus is a crucial question because, according to the Bible, the character related to that famous event forms the basis of the Passover which meant the Promised Land for Jews and later the Paradise for Christians. However, according to most Egyptologists, there is absolutely no evidence of Moses and the Exodus in Egyptian documents, which leads them to conclude that the whole biblical story is a myth written for gullible people. However, according to Egyptian accounts the last king of the 15th dynasty named Apopi, “very pretty”, which was Moses’ birth name (Ex 2:2), reigned 40 years in Egypt (1613-1573) and met Seqenenre Taa, 40 years later, the last pharaoh of the 17th dynasty who died in May 1533 BCE in dramatic and unclear circumstances (Ps 136:15). The state of his mummy proves that his body received severe injuries and remained abandoned for several days before being mummified. The eldest son of Seqenenre Taa, Ahmose Sapaïr, who was crown prince died in a dramatic and unexplained way shortly before his father (Ex 12:29). Prince Kamose, Seqenenre Taa's brother, assured interim of authority for 3 years and threatened attack the former pharaoh Apopi, new prince of Retenu (Palestine) who took the name Moses, according to Manetho, an Egyptian priest and historian. In the stele of the Tempest, Kamose also blames Apopi for all the disasters that come to fall upon Egypt, which caused many deaths. Ironically, those who believe Egyptologists are actually the real gullible ones. https://www.lulu.com/shop/gerard-gertoux/moses-and-the-exodus-chronological-historical-and-archaeological-evidence/paperback/product-1pyeqjj6.html

2015

Barbara Shaw: With gratitude I thank you for the excellent way in which you refined my texts, enhancing the major points of the argument to match the audience for which the study was intended and checking my work for errors. Reverend Jacqui Rivas: For encouraging me to embark on this journey of academia, taking me personally to the university to enrol for my first degree, it has been a long road since then. Rachel Gooding: Mom, you have imposed on me a thirst for knowledge. Whilst my subject matter is far removed from your interests, you have always been a 'listening ear' empathising with me as I have tried to balance my commitments to family, work and study. Cuan Vine: My long suffering husband, without whose financial support I would never have travelled to all the exotic destinations that have become second home to me. Thank you for believing in me. Nicole Vine and Dylan Vine: My children who have often wondered how it is possible to spend so much time at the computer in my pursuit of Akhenaten and Moses. I thank you both for your understanding. My sister, Jocelyn Jones: Thank you for your words of encouragement and always believing in me in whatever challenges I have embarked upon in life. My brother, Malcolm Gooding: Thank you for your wishes of support. To Deborah Fletcher: I thank you and value your friendship and moral support. To my nieces, nephews, family and friends: I thank you all for your support.

Harvard Theological Review, 2022

The question of how to approach the Hebrew Bible as a source for the histories we write of ancient Israel continues to divide scholars. This study responds to such concerns by pursuing an approach informed by a historicized view of knowledge, eras in which they are realized. What this line of research encourages, I argue, are historical investigations into the underlying modes of knowing that would have contributed to the stories told in the biblical writings. Since knowledge about the past is itself historical, this study contends that it is necessary to situate such claims in time, examining the normative assumptions of an era that establish the parameters by which this knowledge is organized and granted credibility. The epistemic conditions that gave rise to the stories recounted in the Hebrew Bible are as much an object of historical interest, on this view, as the stories themselves for assessments of what evidence they might offer. * I am indebted to Elaine James, Paul Kurtz, Andrew Tobolowsky, Ian Wilson, and two anonymous reviewers of this journal for their incisive readings and comments. 1 Michel Foucault, Les mots et les choses: Une archéologie des sciences humaines (Paris: Gallimard, 1966) 221.

Contrary to popular belief, the Jewish religion is quite similar to other monotheistic religions, like Christianity and Islam. What will be discussed in this paper is the Jewish historical account of Moses, and how an influential man made a remarkable impact on Jewish history.

Encyclopedia of the Bible Online