Digital Scholarly Editions and Canonical Citations

De Gruyter eBooks, 2019

Cataloging and Citing Greek and Latin Authors and Works illustrates not only how Classicists have built upon larger standards and data models such as the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR, allowing us to represent different versions of a text) and the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) Guidelines for XML encoding of source texts (representing the logical structure of sources) but also highlights some major contributions from Classics. Alison Babeu, Digital Librarian at Perseus, describes a new form of catalog for Greek and Latin works that exploits the FRBR data model to represent the many versions of our sourcesincluding translations. Christopher Blackwell and Neel Smith built on FRBR to develop the Canonical Text Services (CTS) data model as part of the CITE Architecture. CTS provides an explicit framework within which we can address any substring in any version of a text, allowing us to create annotations that can be maintained for years and even for generations. This addressesat least within the limited space of textual dataa problem that has plagued hypertext systems since the 1970s and that still afflicts the World Wide Web. Those who read these papers years from now will surely find that many of the URLs in the citations no longer function but all of the CTS citations should be usablewhether we remain with this data model or replace it with something more expressive. Computer Scientists Jochen Tiepmar and Gerhard Heyer show how they were able to develop a CTS server that could scale to more than a billion words, thus establishing the practical nature of the CTS protocol. If there were a Nobel Prize for Classics, my nominations would go to Blackwell and Smith for CITE/CTS and to Bruce Robertson, whose paper on Optical Character Recognition opens the section on Data Entry, Collection, and Analysis for Classical Philology. Robertson has worked a decade, with funding and without, on the absolutely essential problem of converting images of print Greek into machine readable text. In this effort, he has mastered a wide range of techniques drawn from areas such as computer human interaction, statistical analysis, and machine learning. We can now acquire billions of words of Ancient Greek from printed sources and not just from multiple editions of individual works (allowing us not only to trace the development of our texts over time but also to identify quotations of Greek texts in articles and books, thus allowing us to see which passages are studied by different scholarly communities at different times). He has enabled fundamental new work on Greek. Meanwhile the papers by Tauber, Burns, and Coffee are on representing characters, on a pipeline for textual analysis of Classical languages and on a system that detects where one text alludes towithout extensively quotinganother text. At its base, philology depends upon the editions which provide information about our source texts, including variant readings, a proposed reconstruction of the original, and reasoning behind decisions made in analyzing the text.

Proceedings of the 2009 Workshop on Text and Citation Analysis for Scholarly Digital Libraries - NLPIR4DL '09, 2009

Scholars of Classics cite ancient texts by using abridged citations called canonical references. In the scholarly digital library, canonical references create a complex textile of links between ancient and modern sources reflecting the deep hypertextual nature of texts in this field. This paper aims to demonstrate the suitability of Conditional Random Fields (CRF) for extracting this particular kind of reference from unstructured texts in order to enhance the capabilities of navigating and aggregating scholarly electronic resources. In particular, we developed a parser which recognizes word level n-grams of a text as being canonical references by using a CRF model trained with both positive and negative examples.

… of the 2009 Workshop on Text …, 2009

Scholars of Classics cite ancient texts by using abridged citations called canonical references. In the scholarly digital library, canonical references create a complex tex-tile of links between ancient and modern sources reflecting the deep hypertextual nature of texts in ...

M. Berti (ed.), Digital Classical Philology. Ancient Greek and Latin in the Digital Revolution, Berlin and Boston (De Gruyter), 2019

This paper describes how the digital revolution is changing the way scholars access, analyze, and represent historical fragmentary texts, with a focus on traces of quotations and text reuses of ancient Greek and Latin sources. The contribution presents two different projects: 1) the Digital Fragmenta Historicorum Graecorum (DFHG), which is a digital collection of ancient Greek fragmentary historians enriched with functionalities for access-ing and analyzing their texts; 2) the Digital Athenaeus, which provides experimental tools for reading the text of the Deipnosophists of Athenaeus of Naucratis and getting information about citations of authors and works that are preserved in it.

Analecta Romana Instituti Danici, 2021

This talk discusses three key methodological aspects of a possible model for a digital critical edition of Priscian's Ars grammatica: 1. the glossae found in manuscripts and their relationship with the manuscript text; 2. the presence of Greek text and its importance for the recensio and the construction of a stemma codicum; 3. literary quotations from classical works. Such research is connected with the project of a new edition of the Ars, initiated by Michela Rosellini with her 2015 edition of the second part of the XVIII book of the work. 1. Glossae. Their inclusion in the edition poses specific modelling challenges, since they bear a complex relationship with Priscian's text: a glossa lives in a manuscript's page, so it refers to the text of that specific witness, not to the abstract text proposed by the editor, and as such it must be modelled in the edition. This can be achieved in the TEI XML encoding by linking each glossa to the manuscript it belongs to, and to the specific manuscript reading it comments upon. 2. Greek text. As Rosellini pointed out, while contamination is very common in Priscian's manuscripts, it is much less frequent for the Greek portions of the text, so the latter become key for the recensio. In the proposed edition model, Greek passages will be encoded on two layers, i.e. with both a normalized and a palaeographic transcription. As a consequence, not only "substantial" readings, but also "palaeographic" and "orthographic" variants will be recorded for those textual portions, thus providing scholars of Priscian's text with additional philological evidence. 3. Literary quotations. They will be marked with formal (machine-readable and processable) citations of their sources through the newly-developed Distributed Texts Services (DTS) protocol.

ISKO-Maghreb ‘2013 Proceedings, 2013

The lack of segmentation by pages and lines creates severe problems with scholarly citation of digital documents - in spite of all advantages of digital texts Not only citation, but the whole editorial work of identifying, comparing, manipulating and annotating text make use of reference to distinctive parts of text – and also the programs that support such tasks. The paper propagates to base reference in digital texts entirely on a structure of meaningful entities like sentences or words. Based on such a structure most annotational markup can be handled “stand-off”. I refer to an implementation of my own and to “Watson”, a very ambitious project of annotation. Using it a computer won in Jeopardy, a prominent US Quiz-Show.

Editing involves making decisions which are practical on the surface, but have underlying hermeneutic and theoretical implications (cf. e.g. Machan 1994: 2-5). When the aim is to create digital editions which encode a wide range of manuscript-related phenomena into standardised XML markup, the challenge to editorial principles is significant. The issue is further complicated by the heterogeneous target audience: historians and linguists can have widely differing assumptions about what constitutes data and how it should be presented. Consequently, it is necessary to outline the underlying theoretical orientations of the DECL project, and to place them in the context of theory and bibliographical practice within the field.

Manuscript Studies: A Journal of the Schoenberg Institute for Manuscript Studies, 2016

We describe a hierarchical approach to modeling text that allows machine-actionable canonical citation of text at many levels of specificity. This model address the problem of overlapping or mutually exclusive analyses. In turn, this flexibility in citation allows rich linking of textual transcriptions and other data to regions-of-interest on digital images, of particular value to codicological and paleographic study. Our examples are from work on Byzantine manuscripts containing Greek epic poetry and scholarly commentary, but our approach can apply to any image-based project in documenting books, manuscripts, inscriptions or other text-bearing surfaces.

CARMEN Working Papers 3, 2022

Research in the humanities is, of course, contemporary in its questions and in its use of technologies. It is our desire as well as our duty to make use of the facilities of our age, to offer keys to the past, and to meet the needs and interests of the users. We thus saw the need to revise our methodologies and to apply an innovative digital approach to the study of Latin epigraphic verse. This approach has allowed us to make our studies and editions as a whole available to the research community and a broader public interested in Roman history and poetry. At the moment, we focus on epigraphic poetry from Hispania, Britannia, and partly from Gaul, although we have an eye on gradually completing a digital corpus of inscriptions in verse encompassing the Roman world as a whole.

Revista Temas Sociológicos, 2024

Our era is characterized by a significant conflict between populism and anti-populism, both politically and culturally. Populist groups and leaders often portray themselves as the true voices of the common people, gaining electoral support or even taking power by framing society as a battle between the ordinary people and the elite, challenging the political and economic establishment. Conversely, parties within the liberal political spectrum counteract the rise of populism by articulating a strong anti-populist discourse, sometimes successfully dominating the political arena. However, despite the increase in studies on populism, there are not many publications regarding anti-populism. This article seeks to examine the anti-populist discourse in Argentina and Greece, two countries with many similarities in political, economic, and cultural aspects. By analyzing the key ideas of anti-populist discourse, we aim to highlight the common anti-populist logic marked by typical paths of modernization, which not only opposes populism but also frequently disregards or opposes specific social groups, such as minorities.