Teori Pemasaran, Menuju Ke Teori Umum Pemasaran

Tunggal Mandiri, 2009

Risty Iloponu, 2020

Dalam organisasi, baik organisasi non-laba maupun perusahaan, yang mempunyai beberapa jenjang manajerial, peran pemasaran untuk masing-masing jenjang pasti berbeda. Sebuah perusahaan yang besar misalnya, mempunyai tiga jenjang manajerial, yaitu manajemen puncak,manajemen madya dan manajemen operasional. Konsep Pemasaran Kemasyarakatan berprinsip bahwa tugas organisasi adalah menentukan kebuthan, keinginan dan minat sasran pasar serta menyampaikan kepuasan yang diinginkan secara lebih efektif dan efisien dibandingkan dengan pesaing dalam suatu cara yang dapat melestarikan atau meningkatkan kesejahteraan konsumen maupun masyarakat.Konsep inti pemasaran tidak kaku dan cenderung bisa menyesuaikan dinamika pasar lebih cepat. Apalagi didukung dengan kegiatan inovasi tiada henti. Ada tujuh aspek yang bisa digunakan untuk dasar penyusunan strategi pemasaran. Ketujuh aspek tersebut yaitu: 1.) kebutuhan,keinginan dan permintaan, 2.) produk (barang,jasa dan gagasan), 3.) nilai, biaya dan kepua...

Remarkable finds have been discovered in the Migration Period Plinkaigalis cemetery in central Lithuania: four burials contained drinking horn mounts decorated with recurring zoomorphic and geometric motifs, and four more burials contained other fragments of drinking horns. Similar elaborate ornate mounts can be found elsewhere in Central and Western Lithuania, as well as in Scandinavia, northern Poland, and the Königsberg region. The article discusses the chronology of the Plinkaigalis drinking horns, with all eight burials radiocarbon dated. The burials are dated to between the early fifth century and the first half of the sixth century AD, with a high probability that they all belong to a narrow time span or are relatively contemporaneous. The similarity of the grave good assemblages and the close spacing of the burials in the cemetery area serve as supplementary evidence of this. All the burials were of armed men, most or all of which were distinguished by their richness. Thus, we may argue that drinking horns were an attribute of a community’s military elite for a relatively short period of time. It is still unknown how these unique objects arrived in central Lithuania, and how much migration or distant contacts had to do with it. At the present stage of research, the chronological analysis carried out allows us to challenge the idea of direct connections with Scandinavia.