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Close Reading of Hopkin's "God's Grandeur"

An example of performing a close reading of a poem, using MS Word review boxes and various color fonts.

God’s Grandeur Comment [mew1]: “Grandeur” according to the OED = Gerard Manley Hopkins (1844–89). Poems. 1918. Hopkins was a …. __ / _ / _ __ / _ _ / The world is charged with the grandeur of God. First sentence paraphrases as “Creation evidences _ _ / _ __ / __ / __ / everywhere divine greatness” which is ironic since nothing described in the poem is “great”. Instead, It will flame out, like shining from shook foil; this poem is filled with commonplace stuff of the _ / _ / _ / __ / __ / __ / material world. It gathers to a greatness, like the ooze of oil / / / / / / / / / / The next two sentences are joined by a semicolon and modify “it”, which one Crushed. Why do men then now not reck his rod? assumes is “the grandeur of God”, but / _ /_ __ / __ / __ / how God’s greatness shines from shaken foil or oozing oil is not clear. Again, the Generations have trod, have trod, have trod; irony is obvious. A reader could have _ / _ / _ / / / __ / expected mountain majesty or wide And all is seared with trade; bleared, smeared with toil; ocean expanses _ / _ / _ / __ / __ / And wears man’s smudge and shares man’s smell: the soil The middle line of the first stanza ends with a question – it is a secondary _ / _ / / / / / _ / question. The implied first question is Is bare now, nor can foot feel, being shod. “where is the grand evidence of God in _ / _ / / _ _ / __ / And for all this, nature is never spent; _ / _ / _ / __ / / / There lives the dearest freshness deep down things; _ / _ / / / _ / / / And though the last lights off the black West went _ / _ / _ / / / __ / Oh, morning, at the brown brink eastward, springs— _ / _ /_ / /_ _ / Because the Holy Ghost over the bent / / _ / / _ _ / / / World broods with warm breast and with ah! bright wings. creation?”, and since that seems lacking, then the second question “why do people not fear God, then?” seems rhetorical – isn’t it obvious? God doesn’t seem present, so why fear Him? The second stanza, the sestet, is all one compound/complex sentence, matching well the complex message being communicated. That it begins with the word “And” rather than “But” or “Yet” shows that the situation is not an argument or a contradiction – yes, God’s greatness seems lacking, an there is also something else that is subtly evident: the apparent absence of greatness, and the apparent evidence of subtle presence. The sonnet follows an Italian rhyme scheme and stanza pattern. The rhythm pattern, however, is not iambic pentameter, although almost every line has exactly 10 syllables to it. Only line 7 is iambic pentameter. It is ironic that the only line to fit the meter of a sonnet is the line which spells out clearly how nature is indelibly marked by man’s manipulation and exploitation – perhaps this was intentional? Comment [mew2]: “Charged” = electrified (as with static electricity) or “commanded” as in “put under orders”. Comment [mew3]: Foil – tin foil, perhaps? Was tin/aluminum foil around in Hopkins’ day, or might it be more like gold or silver foil, that was used for decorative/plating purposes? Either way, it is a highly manipulated natural substance, only turned into foil through repeated hammering or pressing by human/mechanized process. Comment [mew4]: What kind of oil? Natural, like olive oil that is put in a press? Or petroleum oil that is under great pressure underground? Does it matter which one, since both are natural products that are processed by man. Man’s manipulation of the natural world is seen in both. Obviously petroleum oil is more modern, more industrial. Comment [mew5]: This line puts stress upon every syllable – mimicking blows (like the blows of God’s ruling rod). “Reck his rod” sounds the same as “wreck his rod”…perhaps this is intentional? Man destroys the divine rule of God over nature by the way that he abuses or misuses it? Reckon is the obvious intended meaning, but the play on wreck is also obvious. Comment [mew6]: Feet that are shod are not only human feet. Horses are shod, too. Perhaps both are intentional. Horse shoes are needed when horses are being used in areas where there is pavement or stony ground. Being separated from the soil is a product of modernization and urbanization. Comment [mew7]: “This” = all that was described in the first stanza. The world is charged with the grandeur of God …a world of man-made foil, crushed oozing oil, traded, bleared and smudged with toil (work is NOT the result of the Fall, but toil to be able to eat, sweating all the while, is). “For all this” could mean “Because of all this” or “In response to all this”…both seem to be intended. Comment [mew8]: Eastward = Jerusalem? Or just to the dawn, the dawning of a new day, or the promise of a new day – either the hope of the resurrection, or of the return of the Lord? Comment [mew9]: “Bent” = the Biblical terms for “sin” is often “bent” or “crooked”, not straight or true. Comment [mew10]: “Broods” and “warm breast” and “wings” all point to a mother bird, which is a simile that Jesus used to describe how he would have gathered Jerusalem to himself (Matt?) and it is also a reference to the Hebrew word ________ in Genesis “and the Spirit of God was hovering/brooding over the face of the deep”.