interior design

2003

The 18th century was a difficult period for the Protestant community in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The previous century had witnessed the success of the Counter-Reformation followed by a parallel antagonistic devoutness of both the Catholics and the Protestants and finally a wave of Catholic xenophobia which in the middle of the 17th century was strengthened by conflicts with the Commonwealth’s non-Catholic neighbours. As a result, the Com­ monwealth’s two Protestant communities, the Lutherans and the Reformed Church, were greatly weakened at the beginning of the 18th century and were viewed with increasing animosity by the Catholic majority1. Put outside the pale of the community which enjoyed full rights, the dissidents, especially those in Poland, isolated themselves from society and became ever more depend­ ent on aid from their foreign co-religionists2.

Bodmin Moor an archaeological survey, volume 2, the industrial and post-medieval landscapes, 2008

Landscape archaeology and buildings associated with historical industrialisation on Bodmin Moor, Cornwall

Therapeutic communities had their origins in the late 1940s when Maxwell Jones, a psychiatrist working in London, established a residential community as an alternative to medical treatment for young people with behavioural problems. In 1958, the first drug-free therapeutic community, Synanon, was established in California to rehabilitate drug users.

Irish Historical Studies, 2014

Journal of Historical Research in Marketing, 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine the merchandise offered and bought at late‐nineteenth‐century English jumble sales, to understand the place of jumble sales and used goods in the domestic budgets of the poors, and to investigate the reasons for purchasing from jumble sales rather than other second‐hand goods outlets.Design/methodology/approachThe paper analyses Anglican Parish Magazines and social surveys, in late‐Victorian England, focusing on two commodities: clothing and carpets.FindingsJumble sales were organised by the middle and upper classes for the poor, into whose multiple provisioning strategies they were rapidly integrated, although admission fees excluded the poorest. The sales supplied both necessary and non‐essential items and were eagerly attended, but there is no evidence that they were preferred to other second‐hand outlets or that the goods on offer were cheaper or better quality. Although a site of class interaction, jumble sales also served to mai...

Academia Letters, 2021