Pope Innocent III and Denmark, Sweden, and Norway

World Christian Encyclopedia, 2020

Entry from the World Christian Encyclopedia regarding the state of religion in Italy.

Of all the popes of the medieval period, Innocent III has been widely regarded as the most powerful and influential of them all. The papacy reached its zenith under his reign. But was Innocent an all powerful religious leader who could control everyone in Europe as he wished? This paper seeks to understand the relationship between the kind of authority wielded by Innocent in relation to the secular authorities within European society, and to show how Innocent's power needs to be looked at in a more nuanced way. While he certainly did wield tremendous power and influence, he was not the undisputed lord of the earth and his will was often opposed by monarchs who did not wish to go along with his wishes.

in D. Rando and E. Schlotheuber, eds., Carlo IV nell'Italia del Trecento: il "savio signore" e la riformulazione del potere imperiale, Nuovi Studi Storici 126 (Rome, 2022), pp. 193-213.

Revue de l'OFCE, 2015

The pope, the kings and the people, Vol 2, 1877

This 2 Vol. set clearly states and explains, from Catholic sources, how the Roman Catholic church has every intention to conquer and control the world and is the cause of the wars and trouble in the world today. This History of the Movement to Make the Pope Governor of the World was published in 1977 and is as true today as when it was first published. Modern History is rife with the political doings of the Church that keep the world in constant turmoil. Read carefully and you will understand this ongoing basic threat to World peace. Emmett F. Fields

Renæssancen i svøb : dansk renæssance i europæisk belysning 1450-1550, 2008

A number of texts on Denmark written by Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini/Pius II (1405-1464) are presented. An account is given of what Piccolomini will have known about Denmark and of his perception of Denmark as a peripheral state in the north of Europe and as a player in the European power game, as well as the relationship between Denmark and the Holy Roman Empire, and between Denmark and the Holy See. In particular, the position of King Christian I vis-à-vis the Crusade plans of the renaissance Popes -1464 is discussed.

Personalia. Art Readings I.2021, 2022

In the Metropolitan Church of Nessebar, in the 16th-century wall paintings, Pope Sylvester is depicted in the south nave between St. Ignatius Theophoros and Sts. Constantine and Helena. The Roman bishop is represented with a triregnum, an insignia that links him to the so-called Donatio Constantini, whose text appears in the 8th century. The paper examines the development of possible image narrative structures, on the one hand, through the place where the bishop and the imperial couple are depicted, creating a compositional unity, and, on the other, in the derivation of historical connections through the symbol of the papal regalia between the Roman bishop and the emperor. Along with this, questions, concerning the transfer of the triregnum as an artistic element through possible patterns of transfers in the Balkan art of the 16th century, are also raised.

The pope, the kings and the people, Vol 1, 1877

This 2 Vol. set clearly states and explains, from Catholic sources, how the Roman Catholic church has every intention to conquer and control the world and is the cause of the wars and trouble in the world today. This History of the Movement to Make the Pope Governor of the World was published in 1877 and is as true today as when it was first published. Modern History is rife with the political doings of the Church that keep the world in constant turmoil. Read carefully and you will understand this ongoing basic threat to World peace. Emmett F. Fields

Bogoslovska smotra, 2020

From the early tenth to the early twelfth century the northern and eastern periphery of Europe was composed of polities which had recently adopted Christianity as the official religion. Here a special type of veneration of saints or martyrs emerged. This type of sainthood refers to historical personalities characterized by a martyr's death caused out of political self-interest by Christians themselves, not by members of other religions as a result of hatred against the Christian faith as such. The veneration of martyr rulers was unknown both in (Latin) southern Europe and the Byzantine Empire of the time. This article is dedicated to a historical, theological, and literary analysis of three saints: Boris and Gleb (died in 1015) from Kievan Rus’, Jovan Vladimir (died in 1016/1018) from Dioclea, and Magnus Erlendsson (died in 1115/1117) from the Orkney Isles, at the time a part of Norway. All of these saints share the same fundamental characteristics: in the face of mortal danger, they did not resort to revenge or fratricide as a means of struggle for power, but rather voluntarily accepted their deaths for the benefit of peace in their homelands. The phenomenon of ruler martyrs focuses on the example of their voluntary sacrifice, highlighting a duality between the righteousness of an innocent victim and an unfair act of a murderer. Ruler martyrs were regarded by their contemporaries as promoters of a new ideal of Christian monarchs and as symbols of the rejection of the recent pagan past. This phenomenon is also connected with the self-esteem of the ecclesiastical and secular elite of the newly Christianized peoples—they saw their homelands, despite their relatively late adoption of Christianity, as religiously »mature« and therefore on equal footing with others, which was to a large extent possible due to the emergence of the first local saints.