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Evaluación del Desempeño Libro.pdf

La evaluación del desempeño es parte del proceso de rendición de cuentas, la cual es parte fundamental para demostrar que no hay régimen alguno que pueda preciarse de democrático si no cuenta con herramientas e instrumentos destinados a cumplir cabalmente con el control del ejercicio de gobierno. La evaluación del desempeño es, indudablemente, uno de los principales temas de actualidad. La transparencia, la lucha contra la corrupción y la impunidad, la cultura de la legalidad y el impulso a los valores en el servicio público, son asuntos de un amplio debate a nivel nacional e internacional.

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