Tlos Antik Kenti Şehircilik Anlayışı.pdf

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The Lycian cities in the &ODVVLFDO SHULRG ZHUH PDLQO\ IRXQGHG RQ KLJK KLOOV7KHVH IRUWL¿HG VHWWOHPHQWV KDG D palace structure at its center, serving as the house of dynast. The houses of the common people exist outside the city walls. Another important aspect located around the city is necropolis bearing rock-cut chamber graves and sarcophagi peculiar to the region. Smallscale small agricultural settlements were, on the other hand, characteristic feature of the territory of the Classical Lycian cities. The changes and developments observed in the urbanization throughout the Aegean during the Hellenistic period were also felt in Lycia. $VDUHVXOWFHQWHURIWKHFLWLHVZHUHPRYHGIURPKLJKKLOOVWRWKHÀDWJURXQGVZKHUHWKH main public structures grew around the agora. During the Roman period, the Hellenistic pattern of urbanism was not altered much, though the settlement was expanded with the addition of new structures related to the Roman concept of urbanism. In contrast, the /\FLDQ FLWLHV EHFDPH VPDOOHU LQ VL]H GXULQJ WKH %\]DQWLQH HUD FLWLHV IRU WKH ¿UVW WLPH and new settlements arose around the pagan cities. The urban features of major ancient Lycian city of Tlos closely more or less follow the same lines with other cities of the region during the Classical period. Nevertheless, because the topography of Tlos is quite different from other Lycian cities of this period, the architectural remains of the Lycian dynasty spread over more than one hill within the borders of the city. Village settlements located in the immediate region and countryside of Tlos also contain small farmhouses WRH[SORLWWKHODQGIRUDJUDULDQSXUSRVHV)ROORZLQJWKH+HOOHQLVWLF3HULRGVLJQL¿FDQW changes started to occur in the urban planning of Tlos with agora being the focal point of the city. Other public structures such as the stadium, the theater, the temple, and the bouleuterion, and the gymnasium were all built around the agora. There does not appear WRKDYHRFFXUUHGVLJQL¿FDQWFKDQJHVLQWKHZD\VWKHLPPHGLDWHUHJLRQDQGFRXQWU\VLGH of Tlos was exploited by agricultural settlements and farms. The Romanization process also did not alter much the urban features of the city. The major change in the urbanism of Tlos took place during the Early Byzantine era, when the city center was abandoned and populations opted mainly to build their houses on the southern slopes of acropolis. The Early Byzantine settlement was expanded outside the city walls during the succeeding Middle Byzantine period, and new small scale village settlements were established outside the city. Archaeological investigations carried out in the territory of Tlos also helped us to understand the processes that gave way to urban-type settlements in Lycia to a certain extent. We began to identify new settlements dating from the Aceramic Neolithic WRWKHODWH%URQ]H$JHLQFOXGLQJWKRVHDW*LUPHOHU%D÷OÕD÷Do$UVDDQG7DYDEDúÕDV well as the one below the remains of the stadium of Tlos. 7ORV$QWLN.HQWLùHKLUFLOLN$QOD\ÕúÕ 237 .H\ZRUGV Lycian Region, Ancient City of Tlos, Territorial Settlements, The Principles of Urbanism Özet .ODVLN '|QHP |QFHVL /LN\D XUEDQLVWL÷L SHN ELOLQPHGL÷LQGHQ E|OJHQLQ úHKLUFLOLN DQOD\ÕúÕ\ODLOJLOLGH÷HUOHQGLUPHOHUGDKDoRN.ODVLN'|QHPLOHELUOLNWHEDúODWÕOPDNWDGÕU %XQD J|UH /LN\D úHKLUOHUL .ODVLN '|QHPGH JHQHOGH \NVHN WHSHOHUGH NXUXOPXúWXU 6XUODUOD oHYUHOHQHQ \HUOHúLPLQ PHUNH]LQGH \|QHWLFL DLOHQLQ \DúDGÕ÷Õ VDUD\ \DSÕVÕ EXOXQXU %XQXQ oHYUHVLQGH QRUPDO KDONÕQ \DúDGÕ÷Õ GDKD EDVLW PLPDUL G]HQOHPHOHUH \HU YHULOPLúWLU 6XUODUÕQ GÕúÕQGD LVH /LN\D %|OJHVL¶QH |]J ND\D PH]DUÕ YH ODKLWOHULQ \R÷XQOXNWD ROGX÷X QHNURSRO DODQODUÕ \HUDOÕU 'L÷HU \DQGDQ NHQWOHULQ WHULWRU\XPXQGD bulunan phyle WDU]Õ NoN |OoHNOL \HUOHúLPOHU .ODVLN '|QHP /LN\D úHKLUOHUL LoLQ NDUDNWHULVWLNWLU +HOOHQLVWLN '|QHPGH (JH GQ\DVÕ úHKLUFLOLN DQOD\ÕúÕQGD \DúDQDQ JHOLúPHOHU/LN\D%|OJHVL¶QLGHHWNLOHPLúWLU%|\OHFH/LN\DúHKLUOHUL\NVHNWHSHOHUGHQ GDKD oRN G]ON DODQODUD ND\GÕUÕOPÕú YH PHUNH]GHNL ELU DJRUD HWUDIÕQGD JHOLúPH J|VWHUPLúWLU 5RPD '|QHPLQGH PHYFXW XUEDQLVWLN \DSÕ\D SHN ID]OD GRNXQXOPDPÕúWÕU 6DGHFHED]Õ\HQLLODYHYHG]HQOHPHOHUOH\HUOHúLPOHUJHQLúOHWLOPLúWLU%L]DQV'|QHPLLOH ELUOLNWHLONNH]NHQWOHUGHELUGDUDOPD\DJLGLOPLúYHSDJDQ\HUOHúLPDODQODUÕGÕúÕQGD\HQL \HUOHúLPOHUROXúWXUXOPXúWXU7ORV$QWLN.HQWL.ODVLN'|QHPXUEDQLVWL÷LJHQHOKDWODUÕ\OD GL÷HU /LN\D NHQWOHUL\OH \DNÕQ EHQ]HUOLN LoHULVLQGHGLU $QFDN 7ORV $QWLN .HQWL¶QGHNL \HUOHúLPWRSRJUDI\DVÕQÕQIDUNOÕOÕNODUJ|VWHUGL÷LYHE|\OHFH'\QDVWLN'|QHP\HUOHúLPLQ DQWLNNHQWVÕQÕUODUÕLoHULVLQGHEXOXQDQELUGHQID]OD\NVHOWL]HULQH\D\ÕOGÕ÷ÕJ|UOU7ORV NHQWPHUNH]LQLQGÕúÕQGDEXOXQDQN|\E\NO÷QGHNL\HUOHúLPOHULOHRQODUÕQoHYUHVLQGH \HUDODQ GDKD NoN |OoHNOL oLIWOLNOHU 7ORV¶XQ úHKLUFLOLN DQOD\ÕúÕQÕQ GL÷HU |QHPOL XQVXUODUÕGÕU +HOOHQLVWLN '|QHP LOH ELUOLNWH 7ORV $QWLN .HQWL úHKLUFLOLN DQOD\ÕúÕQGD GH÷LúLNOL÷H JLGLOGL÷L GL÷HU oD÷GDú \HUOHúLPOHUGHNL NHQW \DSÕODúPDVÕQÕQ 7ORV¶GD GD EHQLPVHQGL÷L J|UOU 6|] NRQXVX úHKLUFLOLN DQOD\ÕúÕQGD DJRUD DQWLN NHQWLQ PHUNH]LQL ROXúWXUPXúYHVWDG\XPWL\DWURWDSÕQDNJ\PQDVLXPPHFOLVELQDVÕJLELGL÷HU\DSÕODUGD EXDODQD\|QOHQGLULOPLúWLU7HULWRU\XPGDNLPHUNH]HED÷OÕphyle\HUOHúLPOHULQGHLVHID]OD ELUGH÷LúLP\DúDQPDPÕúWÕU/LN\D%|OJHVL¶QLQ5RPDH\DOHWLQHG|QúWUOPHVLQGHQVRQUD ELOHED]ÕNoNLODYHOHUGÕúÕQGDPHYFXWVLVWHPGHE\NELUGH÷LúLNOLN\DSÕOPDPÕúWÕUøON NH](UNHQ+ÕULVWL\DQOÕN'|QHPLLOHELUOLNWHDQWLNNHQWPHUNH]LWHUNHGLOPLúDNURSROQ JQH\L \R÷XQ ROPDN ]HUH \DPDoODUGD HWUDIÕ VXUODUOD oHYULOHQ \HQL ELU \HUOHúLP DODQÕ ROXúWXUXOPXúWXU2UWD%L]DQV'|QHPLQGHV|]NRQXVX\HUOHúLPDODQÕWHNUDUVXUODUÕQGÕúÕQD WDúÕUÕOPÕú YH SDJDQ \HUOHúLP DODQODUÕQÕ GD NDSVD\DQ \HQL ELU \DSÕODQPD\D JLGLOPLúWLU      7ORV$QWLN.HQWLYHoHYUHVLQGH\UWOHQND]ÕYHDUDúWÕUPDODUVDGHFHE|OJHQLQ\HUOHúLP WDULKLYHNURQRORMLVLQLGH÷LúWLUPHPLú$NHUDPLN1HROLWLNdD÷DNDGDUJHULJLGHQ\HUOHúLP DODQODUÕQÕQ NHú¿ /LN\D %|OJHVL XUEDQLVWL÷L KDNNÕQGDNL WDUWÕúPDODUD \HQL ELU ER\XW ND]DQGÕUPÕúWÕU7ORV *LUPHOHU %D÷OÕD÷Do$UVD YH7DYDEDúÕ \HUOHúLPOHUL EX ED÷ODPGD E\N|QHPWDúÕPDNWDGÕU$UNHRORMLGQ\DVÕLoLQ\HQLRODQEXNHúLID\QÕ]DPDQGD7ORV $QWLN.HQWL¶QLQ1HROLWLNdD÷GDQLWLEDUHQKHPGR÷XKHPGHEDWÕGDNLoD÷GDúÕ\HUOHúLPOHUOH RODQ\DNÕQLOLúNLVLQLQNDQÕWÕGÕU $QDKWDU .HOLPHOHU /LN\D %|OJHVL 7ORV $QWLN .HQWL 7HULWRU\XP <HUOHúLPOHUL ùHKLUFLOLN$QOD\ÕúÕ /LN\D%|OJHVL¶QGHNLúHKLUFLOLNDQOD\ÕúÕKDNNÕQGDEXJQHNDGDUIDUNOÕJ|UúOHUSD\ODúÕOPÕúWÕU<HUOHúLPOHULQ VRV\DOYHHNRQRPLNGXUXPXLOHPHYFXWDUNHRORMLNNDOÕQWÕODUÕQGH÷HUOHQGLULOPHVLVRQXFXQGDJHQHOGHRUWDN ELUXUEDQLVWLNJHOHQHNWDQÕPODQÕU/LN\D¶GD$UNDLN'|QHPYH|QFHVLQHWDULKOHQHQ\HUOHúLPOHULQVD\ÕVÕ\RN GHQHFHNNDGDUD]GÕU$\UÕFDPHYFXWNDOÕQWÕODU$UNDLN'|QHP|QFHVLúHKLUFLOLNDQODyÕúÕKDNNÕQGDKHUKDQJL ELU¿NLUGHYHUPH]$UNDLN'|QHP\HUOHúLPOHU|QFHOHULVDGHFH;DQWKRV$NURSRO1YH.\HQDL$YúDUWHSHVL2 1 2 Des Courtils 2006, 24-25.. 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