Academic Writing

2006

2012

The History of the Great Academic Dictionary of the Russian Language" (История Большого Академического Словаря Русского Языка) is a massive monograph on Russian academic normative lexicography, starting from academician Jacob Grot's "Dictionary of the Russian Language" to the present edition of "the Great Academic Dictionary of the Russian Language" (GAD). It covers 175 years of history related to the theoretical and practical aspects of normative lexicography, pioneered by the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Institute for Linguistic Studies. The principle languages of the monograph are Russian and English. The text of Terminal Objectives is micrographically reduced to be read with a magnifying glass (included). In practice, "the History of the GAD" shall be considered as the first attempt of introducing this subject matter in English. The Monograph consists of 101 essays and treatises in Russian, English accompanied with essays in French, German and Armenian languages. More than 1,000,000 words were used to describe the subject matter in light of the latest achievements in world linguistics, lexicology and lexicography. The monograph is an introductory volume to the GAD. The entire work, as a single unit, is chronologically arranged essays, directly complementing the main subject. Each chapter can be read, used and lectured independently. Therefore, the work is formulated to appear not just as an appendix to the GAD, serving as a companion volume, but it is also composed and devised to perform as a textbook on Russian academic normative lexicography not just for Russian students of philological studies, or foreign students at Slavic Departments and russophiles likewise, but, in the interim, to play an essential role to function as a guidebook for professorial lecturers and as an illustrious Preface to the Great Academic Dictionary, as well.

1968

Journal of Archaeological Science, 1999

The Lancet

Background In 2010, overweight and obesity were estimated to cause 3·4 million deaths, 3·9% of years of life lost, and 3·8% of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) worldwide. The rise in obesity has led to widespread calls for regular monitoring of changes in overweight and obesity prevalence in all populations. Comparable, up-to-date information about levels and trends is essential to quantify population health eff ects and to prompt decision makers to prioritise action. We estimate the global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980–2013. Methods We systematically identifi ed surveys, reports, and published studies (n=1769) that included data for height and weight, both through physical measurements and self-reports. We used mixed eff ects linear regression to correct for bias in self-reports. We obtained data for prevalence of obesity and overweight by age, sex, country, and year (n=19 244) with a spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression model to estimate prevalence with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). Findings Worldwide, the proportion of adults with a body-mass index (BMI) of 25 kg/m² or greater increased between 1980 and 2013 from 28·8% (95% UI 28·4–29·3) to 36·9% (36·3–37·4) in men, and from 29·8% (29·3–30·2) to 38·0% (37·5–38·5) in women. Prevalence has increased substantially in children and adolescents in developed countries; 23·8% (22·9–24·7) of boys and 22·6% (21·7–23·6) of girls were overweight or obese in 2013. The prevalence of overweight and obesity has also increased in children and adolescents in developing countries, from 8·1% (7·7–8·6) to 12·9% (12·3–13·5) in 2013 for boys and from 8·4% (8·1–8·8) to 13·4% (13·0–13·9) in girls. In adults, estimated prevalence of obesity exceeded 50% in men in Tonga and in women in Kuwait, Kiribati, Federated States of Micronesia, Libya, Qatar, Tonga, and Samoa. Since 2006, the increase in adult obesity in developed countries has slowed down. Interpretation Because of the established health risks and substantial increases in prevalence, obesity has become a major global health challenge. Not only is obesity increasing, but no national success stories have been reported in the past 33 years. Urgent global action and leadership is needed to help countries to more eff ectively intervene."