Education Reform Initiatives in the Caribbean Basin

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Gerald Lambert Publication, 2024

This Book is about the real ethnic roots of the Eastern Christians as they don't have Arab roots and they don't have Arab origins. These Eastern Christians have Non-Arab origins and the Term Arab Christian is wrong and not correct as Walid Phares wrote in his article regarding the Arabic Bible. the real Arab Christians of different Kingdoms and tribes vanished in the 10th century. Therefore, if these Christians in the Arab World, the Middle East, the Levant and the Holy Land- Palestine, speak Arabic as their native language it doesn't mean that they are Arabs. The Term Arab Christian is considered an ethnic cleansing term of the real Ethnic roots of the Middle East in the Pre-Islamic times. The Eastern Christians are Mediators between East and West, there is a problem of Identity and affiliation regarding their relations with the Byzantine Emperor and the Crusades in regard to their position from the conflict between Islam and the West.

Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, 2018

This article arose out of research concerning the kingship of Tara. One of the most astonishing descriptions of an Irish king was written by Giraldus Cambrensis in the twelfth century. In this the king embraced a horse and declared himself to be a beast also – he identifies himself with the horse. It has been suggested that the nearest parallel lay in the horse sacrifice of ancient India. Some scholars cast doubt on this connection. However, echoes of such activity are to be found in western Europe. In folklore in Ireland and elsewhere (particularly in Brittany) there is a motif of the king with horse’s ears. The image of a horse with the head of a man is found on ancient Gaulish coins. In Hindu areas of the east there are statues of men with the head of a horse – the inverse of the image on Gaulish coins. The symbol on Gaulish coins has not been satisfactorily explained. This article argues that the explanation lies in kingship and that the evidence from ancient Ireland strongly supports this argument.

African journal of political Science and International Relations , 2023

This article examines recent coups d'état in Francophone African countries, including Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger, and explores their causes, implications and international responses. To fully understand these events, the article begins by contextualizing the independence of these nations and their complex relationships with France. In the 1950s, France granted independence to its African colonies but established comprehensive cooperation agreements that included military, educational, cultural and economic. These agreements resulted in commitments by African nations to cede natural resources to France and allow the presence of its armed forces in their territories. Furthermore, they established French as the official language in many of these countries. Recently, these nations have faced coups d'état that disrupted their democratic paths. Causes include corruption, political instability, economic discontent and security challenges. There was also a rise in populism and a growing desire for autonomy from French influence, with expulsions of French troops and the search for alliances with Russia. The article takes a detailed look at the causes of these scams, including concerns about corruption, economic performance, and security. Additionally, it explores the political and economic implications of these coups, including the regional and international sanctions applied in response. The complex issue of neocolonialism is also addressed, as these nations seek to redefine their relationships with France and other international actors. The article concludes by highlighting the importance of evolving geopolitical dynamics in Francophone Africa and their implications for international relations. This study offers an in-depth analysis of the political, economic and social transformations underway in the region.