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Document of the Office Sale (Stela Cairo JE 52453)

2020, Manuscript, Vol. 13, no. 1, p. 89-94

https://doi.org/10.30853/manuscript.2020.1.18

The article is devoted to the hieroglyphic inscription on so called stèle juridique from Karnak, which dates to the end of the Second Intermediate Period (XVII century BCE). Inscription copied to the stone slab is a record of the judicial trial that took place in Thebes. The case dealt with the demand to give back the property valued at 5.5 kg of gold. The subsequent assignment of the nomarch office to the claimer satisfied the debt. The statement, attested by the officials, and court records mentioned in the text are an evidence of legal relations in the ancient society. The current Russian translation of the text is published for the first time.

ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹ  ɂɫɬɨɪɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɹɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɬɨɞɵɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ +LVWRULRJUDSK\6RXUFH6WXG\ and Historical Research Methods _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ɍȾɄ   KWWSVGRLRUJPDQXVFULSW Ⱦɚɬɚɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹɪɭɤɨɩɢɫɢ  ɇɚɫɬɨɹɳɚɹɫɬɚɬɶɹɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɚɢɟɪɨɝɥɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɧɚɞɩɢɫɢɧɚɬɧɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɬɟɥɟɢɡɄɚɪɧɚɤɚɞɚɬɢɪɭɟ ɦɨɣɤɨɧɰɨɦȼɬɨɪɨɝɨɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ;9,,ɜɞɨɧɷ ɇɚɷɬɨɦɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɟɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚ ɧɵ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɜɲɟɝɨ ɜ Ɏɢɜɚɯ ɫɭɞɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɨ ɞɟɥɭ ɨ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɢ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɰɟɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɩɹɬɶɫɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɨɣɤɢɥɨɝɪɚɦɦɨɜɡɨɥɨɬɚȼɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɢɧɨɦɚɪɯɚɤɢɫɬɰɭɨɬɨɬɜɟɬɱɢɤɚ ɛɵɥ ɡɚɱɬɟɧ ɜ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɝɚ ɋɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɥɢɰɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɵ ɫɭɞɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɥɚ ɢɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɯɨɞɚ ɞɟɥɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɞɪɟɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɉɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɣ ɚɜ ɬɨɪɫɤɢɣɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɩɭɛɥɢɤɭɟɬɫɹɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ  Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɢ ɮɪɚɡɵ Ⱦɪɟɜɧɢɣ ȿɝɢɩɟɬ Ɏɢɜɵ Ʉɚɪɧɚɤ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ Ɍɭɪɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɉɚɧɨɜɆɚɤɫɢɦȼɹɱɟɫɥɚɜɨɜɢɱɤɢɧ ɝɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤ SDQRYPY#JPDLOcom Ⱦɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɩɟɪɟɭɫɬɭɩɤɟɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɟɥɚɄɚɢɪɫɤɨɝɨɦɭɡɟɹ-(  ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɧɚɯɨɞɤɢ ɋɬɟɥɚ ɢɡ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɹɤɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɨɣ  ɦ ɢ ɲɢɪɢɧɨɣ  ɦ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɚ ɜ ɝɢɩɨɫɬɢɥɶɧɨɦ ɡɚɥɟ Ʉɚɪɧɚɤɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɪɚɦɚ ɜ ɮɟɜɪɚɥɟ  ɝ ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɫɤɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɞɢɰɢɟɣ ɩɨɞ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɉ Ʌɚɤɨ ɉɟɪɜɨɟ ɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɟ ɨ ɧɟɣ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɝɨɞɭ ɧɚɯɨɞɤɢ > p @ ɉɥɢɬɚ ɥɟɠɚɥɚ ɡɚɫɵɩɚɧɧɚɹ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɦ ɩɨɞ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɨɣ ʋ  ɫɦ ɩɥɚɧ ɡɚɥɚ > S @ Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɱɬɨ ɩɨɬɨɦɤɢ ɋɨɛɟɤɧɟɯɬɚ ɢɫɬɰɚ ɜ ɧɢɠɟɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɦ ɞɟɥɟɤɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟ-ɣɞɢɧɚɫɬɢɢɭɠɟɜɵɦɟɪɥɢɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨɉ ɅɚɤɨɫɬɟɥɭɡɚɤɨɩɚɥɢɩɪɢȺɦɨɧɯɨɬɟɩɟ,,, ɩɪɢɩɨ ɫɬɪɨɣɤɟɬɪɟɬɶɟɝɨɩɢɥɨɧɚɞɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɝɨɧɟɧɢɣɧɚɤɭɥɶɬȺɦɨɧɚɩɪɢɟɝɨɩɪɟɟɦɧɢɤɟɱɬɨɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɢɡɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɜ ɲɟɝɨɫɹɢɦɟɧɢɛɨɝɚɉɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɞɨɥɠɟɧɛɵɥɫɬɨɹɬɶɜɨɞɧɨɦɢɡɞɜɨɪɨɜɯɪɚɦɚ Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɦɵ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɧɚ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɢɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɸɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɫɜɟɪɤɢɤɨɩɢɣɞɪɟɜɧɟɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚɜɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɯɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɹɯ ɢɡ-ɡɚɧɚɥɢɱɢɹɜɧɢɯɪɚɡɧɨɱɬɟɧɢɣɐɟɥɶɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɵɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ ɇɚɭɱɧɚɹ ɧɨɜɢɡɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ ɜɚɠɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɩɨ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɩɪɚɜɭ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɦ ɜ ;9,, ɜ ɞɨ ɧɷ Ⱥɜɬɨɪɫɤɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɟɪɨɝɥɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɬɟɤɫɬɭ ɜɵɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɩɨ ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɹɦ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɥɟɬ ɩɪɢɥɨ ɠɟɧɧɚɹɩɪɨɪɢɫɨɜɤɚɢɟɪɨɝɥɢɮɨɜ Ɋɢɫ- ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɭɬɨɱɧɟɧɢɹɤɪɚɧɟɟɫɞɟɥɚɧɧɵɦɢɡɞɚɧɢɹɦɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶɫɬɚɬɶɹɚɞɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɚɜɨɫɬɨɤɨɜɟɞɚɦɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦɩɨɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸɢɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɩɪɚ ɜɚɆɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɦɨɠɟɬɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹɧɚɫɟɦɢɧɚɪɫɤɢɯɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɯɩɨɢɫɬɨɪɢɢȾɪɟɜɧɟɝɨɦɢɪɚ ɉɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɢɢɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɵȼɝɜɵɲɥɚɪɚɛɨɬɚɉɅɚɤɨ>@ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɚɹɢɦɜɝɨɫɬɟɥɟɭɱɬɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ Ʉɚɢɪɫɤɨɦɦɭɡɟɟɩɨɞɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɦʋɂɡɞɚɧɢɟɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɞɜɟɯɨɪɨɲɢɟɱɟɪɧɨ-ɛɟɥɵɟɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɩɢɸɢɟɪɨɝɥɢɮɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɧɚ ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤ ɢ ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɣȼ ɰɟɥɨɦɷɬɨɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟɭɪɨɜɧɸɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɟɝɢɩɬɨɥɨɝɢɢɤɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟ;; ɜɎɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢɫɬɟɥɵɛɨɥɟɟɧɢɤɟɦɧɟɩɭɛɥɢɤɨ ɜɚɥɢɫɶȼɩɪɨɪɢɫɨɜɤɟɢɟɪɨɝɥɢɮɨɜɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹɨɲɢɛɤɢɢɫɩɨɪɧɵɟɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹȼɝɜɵɲɥɨɩɟɪɜɨɟɢɡ ɞɚɧɢɟɬɟɬɪɚɞɢɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɨɣɧɚɞɩɢɫɹɦȼɬɨɪɨɝɨɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɫɤɨɩɢɟɣɧɚɞɩɢɫɢȼ ɏɟɥɤɚ>S-@ ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɪɚɡɞɟɥ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɫɫɵɥɤɭ ɧɚ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɉ Ʌɚɤɨ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɢɡ ɟɝɨ ɤɨɩɢɢ  Ɇɚɧɭɫɤɪɢɩɬ2020Ɍɨɦ3ȼɵɩɭɫɤ ɧɨ ȼɏɟɥɤɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɥɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɧɨɜɵɯɩɪɨɱɬɟɧɢɣɋɪɟɞɢɧɟɞɨɱɟɬɨɜɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɜɷɬɨɦɢɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯɢɟɪɨɝɥɢɮɨɜɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯɧɟɡɚɲɬɪɢɯɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢɤɚɤɟɫɥɢɛɵɨɧɢɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɫɶ ɧɚɤɚɦɧɟɢɥɢɛɵɥɢɜɢɞɧɵɧɚɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɹɯɉɅɚɤɨȼɝɩɨɹɜɢɥɚɫɶɯɪɟɫɬɨɦɚɬɢɹɎɌɆɢɨɡɢ>p-@ ɜɤɨɬɨɪɭɸɜɨɲɥɚɩɪɨɪɢɫɨɜɤɚɞɚɧɧɨɣɧɚɞɩɢɫɢɫɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɹɦɢɤɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɨɲɢɛɤɚɦɞɪɟɜɧɟɝɨɩɢɫɰɚɌɪɟɬɶɹ ɤɨɩɢɹɭɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɬɪɹɞɫɩɨɪɧɵɯɢɟɪɨɝɥɢɮɨɜɭȼ ɏɟɥɤɚɧɨɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɬɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɧɟɞɨɱɟɬɵɉɅɚɤɨ. 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ɡɧɚɤɨɜɩɬɢɰ   ɚɬɚɤɠɟɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɬɢɜɨɜ   . ɋɬɪɨɤɢɧɟ ɪɨɜɧɵɟɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɚɹɜɵɫɨɬɚɡɧɚɤɨɜɱɚɫɬɨɧɟɜɵɞɟɪɠɚɧɚɤɚɤɢɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ©ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɚª ɈɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɟɫɥɨɜɚnXb ɫɨɡɧɚɤɨɦ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ . ɉɟɪɟɜɨɞɧɚɞɩɢɫɢɧɚɫɬɟɥɟɄɚɢɪɫɤɨɝɨɦɭɡɟɹ-(  Ɂɚɝɨɥɨɜɨɤȼɜɟɪɯɭɫɬɟɥɵɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɩɚɪɹɳɢɣɤɪɵɥɚɬɵɣɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɵɣɞɢɫɤɫɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɫɩɭɫɤɚɸɬɫɹɞɜɚɭɪɟɹ ɫɰɟɧɵ ɧɟɬ ©   ɏɨɪ  Ȼɟɯɞɟɬɫɤɢɣ ɜɟɥɢɤɢɣ ɛɨɝ ɜɥɚɞɵɤɚ ɧɟɛɚ ɞɜɚɠɞɵ  Ɉɬɞɚɧɨ ɩɨ ɦɢɥɨɫɬɢ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɯɪɚɦȺɦɨɧɚ->Ɋɚ@ª ɉɟɪɜɵɣɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ©  Ⱦɚɠɢɜɟɬɏɨɪ– ɞɚɸɳɢɣɪɚɫɰɜɟɫɬɢɨɛɟɢɦɡɟɦɥɹɦ ɱɶɟɢɦɹ ɨɛɟɢɯɜɥɚɞɵɱɢɰ– ɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɥɢɤɚɦɢ ɱɶɟ ɢɦɹ  ɏɨɪɚ ɜ ɡɨɥɨɬɟ – >« ɫɢɹ@ɧɢɟɦ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶ ȼɟɪɯɧɟɝɨ ɢ ɇɢɠɧɟɝɨ ȿɝɢɩɬɚ ɋɭɚɞɠɟɧɪɚ ɤɨɦɭ ɞɚɧɚ ɠɢɡɧɶ ɥɸɛɢɦɵɣ Ⱥɦɨɧɨɦ-Ɋɚ ɜɥɚɞɵɤɨɣ ɩɪɟɫɬɨɥɨɜ ɨɛɟɢɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɜɟɥɢɤɢɦ! ɛɨɝɨɦ ɜɥɚɞɵɤɨɣ ɧɟɛɚ ɫɵɧ Ɋɚ ɇɟɛ ɢ ɪɢɪɚɭɪɚ ɞɚ ɠɢɜɟɬ ɨɧ ɜɟɱɧɨ Ɋɚɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɟɝɨ ɫɟɪɞɰɟ ɧɚ ɬɪɨɧɟ >ɏɨɪɚ@   Ɍɨɬ ɧɚ ɤɨɝɨɩɪɟɤɪɚɫɧɨɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶɤɚɤɧɚɜɨɫɯɨɞɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɝɨɞɢɫɤɚɇɟɡɵɛɥɟɦɵɣɫɢɹɧɢɟɦɤɚɤɄɚɦɭɬɟɮ>ɪɨɞɧɨɣ@ ɫɵɧȺɦɨɧɚɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɬɨɬɩɨɪɨɞɢɥɫɜɨɢɦɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɬɧɵɦɫɟɦɟɧɟɦɥɸɛɢɦɵɣ>ɜɫɟɦɢ@ɛɨɝɚɦɢ   Ƚɨɞ-ɣ-ɣɦɟɫɹɰɫɟɡɨɧɚɪɚɡɥɢɜɚɞɟɧɶɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ ɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɨɛɵɷɬɨɝɨɛɨɝɚȾɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɥɟɧɧɵɣɧɚɫɬɚɜɧɢɤɨɦ>ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɜɨɢɧɨɜ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɹɄɟɛɫɢɜɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ@ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɢɡɟɝɨɪɨɞɚɫɵɧɚɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɬɟɥɹɤɚɡɧɚɱɟɹɜɥɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɹɇɢɠɧɟɝɨȿɝɢɩɬɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɢɤɚɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ>ɋɨɛɟɤɧɟɯɬɚ@   ³Ɍɚɤɜɨɬɦɨɹɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɶɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɢɤɚ-ɯɚɬɢɚ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɇɟɯɟɛɩɟɪɟɲɟɞɲɚɹɤɨɦɧɟɤɚɤɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɶɦɨɟ ɝɨ ɨɬɰɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɢɤɚ-ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɢɤɚ-ɯɚɬɢɚ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ  ɇɟɯɟɛ ɂɢɦɟɪɚ >ɩɟɪɟɲɟɞɲɚɹ " @ ɤɨ ɦɧɟ« ɦɨɟɝɨ ɨɬɰɚ ɤɚɤ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɟɝɨɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɛɪɚɬɚ>ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɢɤɚ@   ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɇɟɯɟɛɂɢ-ɦɥɚɞɲɟɝɨɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɭɦɟɪɛɟɡɞɟɬɧɵɦ ɨɧɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɭ ɢɡ ɦɨɟɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ >ɫɵɧɭ@ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɹ >ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɢɤɭ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɋɨɛɟɤ@ɧɟɯɟɬɭ ɨɬ ɫɵɧɚɤɫɵɧɭɨɬɧɚɫɥɟɞɧɢɤɚɤɧɚɫɥɟɞɧɢɤɭȿɦɭɨɬɞɚɧɵ ɩɪɢɧɨɫɢɦɵɟ ɟɸɩɢɳɚɩɢɜɨ>ɦɹɫɨ@  ɩɪɨɩɢɬɚ ɧɢɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɟɫɹɤɧɟɣ ɡɚɭɩɨɤɨɣɧɵɟɠɪɟɰɵɫɥɭɝɢɢɞɨɦɧɟɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɹɩɨɫɹɝɚɬɶɧɚ!ɧɟɟɥɸɛɨɦɭɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɭ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤɨɧɨɬɞɚɥɦɧɟɟɟɰɟɧɭ– ɡɨɥɨɬɚɞɟɛɟɧ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢɜɟɳɚɦɢ ɑɬɨɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹɥɸɛɨɝɨɤɬɨɩɪɢɞɟɬɠɚɥɨɜɚɬɶɫɹɜɟɥɶɦɨɠɟɢɥɢɬɨɦɭɤɬɨɜɵɫɥɭɲɢɜɚɟɬ  ɩɪɢɤɚɡ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɹ  ɝɨɜɨɪɹ³Ʉɨɦɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɣɬɢɷɬɚɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɶ´ɬɨɧɟɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɬɶɫɥɭɲɚɬɶɟɝɨɉɟɪɟɞɚɧɚɦɨɹɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɭɢɡɦɨɟɝɨɪɨɞɚɫɵɧɭɜɥɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɹɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɢɤɭɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚɋɨɛɟɤɧɟɯɬɭɨɬɫɵɧɚɤɫɵɧɭɨɬɧɚɫɥɟɞɧɢɤɚ  Ɇɚɧɭɫɤɪɢɩɬ2020Ɍɨɦ3ȼɵɩɭɫɤ ɤ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɧɢɤɭ ɇɟ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɶ   ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɬɟɧɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɧɟɟ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɷɬɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɟɝɨ ɨɬɰɚ ə ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɥ ɱɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɟɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɢɡ ɦɨɟɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɫɵɧ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɢɤ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɋɨɛɟɤ ɧɟɯɬɑɬɨɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹɥɸɛɨɝɨɫɵɧɚɥɸɛɨɣɞɨɱɟɪɢɥɸɛɨɝɨɛɪɚɬɚɥɸɛɨɣɫɟɫɬɪɵɥɸɛɨɝɨɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɢɡɦɨɟɝɨɪɨ ɞɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɫɤɚɠɟɬ³Ʉɨɦɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɣɬɢ  ɷɬɚɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɶ´ɬɨɧɟɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɬɶɫɥɭɲɚɬɶɢɯɉɟɪɟɞɚ ɧɚɨɧɚɦɨɟɦɭɛɪɚɬɭɫɵɧɭɜɥɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɹɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɢɤɭ-ɯɚɬɢɚ ɋɨɛɟɤɧɟɯɬɭ´ ɋɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɷɬɨɬɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɜɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢɝɪɚɞɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɢɤɚɜɢɡɢɪɹɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɢɤɚɩɚɥɚɬɵɲɟɫɬɢɋɨɛɟɤɧɟɯɬɚ ɫɭɞɶɢ  ɇɟɛɫɭɦɟɧɭɢɠɪɟɰɚɏɨɪɚ ɢɡ ɇɟɯɟɧɚɋɨɛɟɤɧɟɯɬɚɫɭɞɶɟɣɊɟɧɢɫɟɧɟɛɨɦ ɉɪɢɧɹɬɨ ɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ ɜɟɞɨɦɫɬɜɨɦ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɱɢɤɚ   ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɉɪɨɞɢɤɬɨɜɚɧɨ ɩɢɫɰɭ ɜɟɥɢɤɨɣ ɬɟɦɧɢɰɵȺɦɨɧɯɨɬɟɩɭɡɚɦɟɳɚɸɳɟɦɭɩɢɫɰɚɞɨɤɥɚɞɱɢɤɚɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɝɨɭɱɚɫɬɤɚª ȼɬɨɪɨɣɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ©ɂɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɨɞɥɹɧɟɝɨɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɩɨɫɥɟɟɝɨɫɦɟɪɬɢȼɦɟɧɟɧɨɟɦɭɜɨɛɹ ɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ  ɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɷɬɨɣ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɤɚɠɞɵɣɝɨɞɩɨɡɚɤɨɧɭª Ɍɪɟɬɢɣɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ©Ƚɨɞ-ɣ-ɣɦɟɫɹɰɪɚɡɥɢɜɚɞɟɧɶɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ ɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨɛɨɝɚ&ɵɧɜɥɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɹ ɤɚɡɧɚɱɟɣɜɥɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɹɇɢɠɧɟɝɨȿɝɢɩɬɚɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɢɤɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚɋɨɛɟɤɧɟɯɬɢɧɚɫɬɚɜɧɢɤɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɜɨɢɧɨɜ ɩɪɚɜɢ ɬɟɥɹɄɟɛɫɢ  ɫɵɧɜɢɡɢɪɹɂɢɦɟɪɚɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɢɤɚ-ɯɚɬɢɚ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɇɟɯɟɛȾɚɥɷɬɨɬɫɵɧɜɥɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɹɤɚɡɧɚɱɟɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɹɇɢɠɧɟɝɨȿɝɢɩɬɚɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɢɤɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚɋɨɛɟɤɧɟɯɬɧɚɫɬɚɜɧɢɤɭɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɜɨɢɧɨɜ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɹɄɟɛɫɢ ɡɨɥɨɬɚɞɟɛɟɧ ɡɨɥɨɬɨɦɦɟɞɶɸɹɱɦɟɧɟɦɢɨɞɟɠɞɨɣª ɑɟɬɜɟɪɬɵɣɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ©  ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨɱɬɨɩɪɢɧɟɫɟɧɚɤɬɜɜɟɞɨɦɫɬɜɨɞɨɤɥɚɞɱɢɤɚɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɝɨɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɢɡɜɟɞɨɦɫɬɜɚɜɢɡɢɪɹɜ-ɣɝɨɞ ɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɢɤɚɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɹ " ɞɚɛɭɞɟɬɨɧɠɢɜɧɟɜɪɟɞɢɦɢɡɞɨɪɨɜ ɗɬɨɬɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɫɨɫɥɨɜɠɪɟɰɚ  ɏɨɪɚ ɢɡ ɇɟɯɟɧɚɋɨɛɟɤɧɟɯɬɚɢɧɚɫɬɚɜɧɢɤɚɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɜɨɢɧɨɜ  ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɹ Ʉɟɛɫɢ ɉɪɢɧɟɫɟɧ ɚɤɬ ɜ ɜɟɞɨɦɫɬɜɨ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɱɢɤɚ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɢɡ ɜɟɞɨɦɫɬɜɚ ɜɢɡɢɪɹ ɜ -ɣ ɝɨɞ ɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɢɤɚɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɹ " ɞɚɛɭɞɟɬɨɧɠɢɜɧɟɜɪɟɞɢɦɢɡɞɨɪɨɜ ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɠɚɥɨɛɵ ɫɨɫɥɨɜɠɪɟɰɚɏɨɪɚ  əɩɪɢɲɟɥɛɭɞɭɱɢ  ɞɨɜɟɪɟɧɧɵɦɥɢɰɨɦɫɵɧɚɜɥɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɋɨɛɟɤɧɟɯɬɚ ɝɨɜɨɪɹ ³ə ɞɚɥ ɡɨɥɨɬɚ  ɞɟɛɟɧ ɡɨɥɨɬɨɦ ɦɟɞɶɸ ɨɞɟɠɞɨɣ ɢ ɹɱɦɟɧɟɦ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɯ ɦɧɟ ɜ 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