Japanese Student Perspectives towards Study Abroad

明治大学教養論集通巻 5 1 0号 ( 2 0 1 5・ 9 )p p . 1 0 7 ‑ 1 2 5 Ja paneseS t u d e n tP e r s p e c t i v e s towardsStudyAbroad AnnetteBRADFORD I n t e r n a t i o n a ls t u d e n tm o b i l i t yi sas i g n i f i c a n tf e a t u r eo fag l o b a l h i g h e re d u c a t i o nl a n d s c a p et h a ti n c l u d e si n t e r n a t i o n a lp a r t n e r s h i p s， b r a n c hcampuses，e d u c a t i o nhubs ，a ndm a s s i v eopeno n l i n ec o u r s e s v e r4 . 5m i l l i o ns t u d e n t sweree n r o l l e di nt e r t i a r y (MOOCS). I n2 0 1 2，o h a nd o u b l et h e e d u c a t i o no u t s i d et h e i rc o u n t r yo fc i t i z e n s h i p '，moret numbero ff o r e i g nt e r t i a r ys t u d e n t se n r o l l e dw o r l d w i d ei n2 0 0 0，and moret h a nf i v et i m e st h enumberfromwhend a t ac o l l e c t i o nbegani n ，2 0 1 4 ) . Theb e n e f i t so fs u c hm o b i l i t yt oh o s tandhome 1 9 7 5(OECD d u c a t i o n a li n s t i t u t i o n sand i n d i v i d u a ls t u d e n t sh a v eb e e n n a t i o n s，e 0 1 1 ;H a z e l k o r n，2 0 1 1 ;Zimmermann& w i d e l yr e p o r t e d( e . g .J o h n s o n，2 Neyer ，2 0 1 3 ) . C o n s e q u e n t l y，i n t e r n a t i o n a ls t u d e n tr e c r u i t m e n t and s t u d ya b r o a di n i t i a t i v e sh o l dac e n t r a lp l a c ei nt h ei n t e r n a t i o n a l i z a t i o n s t r a t e g i e so fmanyh i g h e re d u c a t i o ns y s t e m sandi n s t i t u t i o n s . TheJ a p a n e s egovernmenth a sl o n gv a l u e di n t e r n a t i o n a ls t u d e n t i e w i n gi n t e r n a t i o n a ls t u d e n t sa sp r i m ep l a y e r si ns t r a t e g y m o b i l i t y，v h e s es t u d e n t shaveb e e n f o rh i g h e re d u c a t i o ni n t e r n a t i o n a l i z a t i o n，andt ， i nr e c e n ty e a r s ， t h ef o c u so fmanyg o v e r n m e n t ‑ l e di n i t i a t i v e s .However f o l l o w i n gad r a m a t i cd e c l i n ei nt h enumbero fJ a p a n e s es t u d e n t ss t u d y ‑ i n ga b r o a dands i g n i f i c a n tmediaf o c u sont h ei n w a r d ‑ l o o k i n gt e n d e n ‑ i g h e re d u c a t i o ni n s t i t u t i o n c i e so fJ a p a n e s ey o u t h，governmentandh )a t t e n t i o nt u r n e dt o w a r doutwardm o b i l i t y .I n i t i a t i v e st oi n c r e a s e (HEI t h enumberso fJ a p a n e s es t u d e n t so v e r s e a shavebeguni ne a r n e s t，and h ep a s ttwoy e a r shaves e e nanu p t i c ki nt h enum‑ p e r h a p sa sar e s u l t，t b e ro fJ a p a n e s es t u d e n t sv e n t u r i n ga b r o a df o ra c a d e m i cs t u d y .M e i j i 1 0 8 明治大学教養論集通巻5 1 0号 ( 2 0 1 5・ 9 ) U n i v e r s i t yh a sc o n c e n t r a t e dmuche f f o r ti n t oi n t e r n a t i o n a l i z a t i o na c ‑ t i v i t i e si nr e c e n ty e a r sandh a ss e e nt h enumbero fi t ss t u d e n t se l e c t i n g t os t u d ya b r o a dgrowa l m o s tt h r e e ‑ f o l dbetween2 0 0 9and2 0 1 3( M e i j i 0 1 5 ) .T h i sr e s e a r c hs t u d ye x a m i n e sJ a p a n e s eoutwards t u ‑ U n i v e r s i t y，2 d e n tm o b i l i t yanda n a l y z e sas u r v e yo fM e i j iU n i v e r s i t yu n d e r g r a d u a t e s t u d e n t st of i n do u ta b o u tt h e i rp e r s p e c t i v e st o w a r d ss t u d y i n ga b r o a d . TheBenefitsofStudyAbroad H i s t o r i c a l l y，i n t e r n a t i o n a ls t u d e n tm o b i l i t yi n v o l v e ss t u d e n t sc r o s s ‑ i n gn a t i o n a Jb o r d e r si np u r s u i to fah i g h ‑ q u a l i t ye d u c a t i o nandc r e d e n ‑ t i a l sp e r h a p su n o b t a i n a b l ei nt h es t u d e n t ' s home c o u n t r y . T h i s phenomenona c c o u n t sf o rmucho ft h er e c e n tr a p i di n c r e a s ei ni n t e r n a ‑ t i o n a l l ym o b i l es t u d e n t sa sp o p u l o u sc o u n t r i e sw i t hr a p i d l ygrowing e c o n o m i e ss t r u g g l et omeett h ei n c r e a s e ddemandsf o rh i g h e re d u c a t i o n 0 1 4 a ; and s t u d e n t ss e e ko p p o r t u n i t ye l s e w h e r e( B r i t i s hC o u n c i l，2 0 0 7 ) . However ，i n t e r n a t i o n a ls t u d e n tm o b i l i t yi sa l s ow i d e l y V e r b l i k，2 u n d e r s t o o dt ob eb e n e f i c i a la to t h e rl e v e l s .I n d i v i d u a ls t u d e n t sa r ep r e ‑ sumedt ob e n e f i ti n wayswhiche n a b l ethemt ob e t t e rn a v i g a t ea g l o b a l i z e ds o c i e t yandi n c r e a s et h e i rf u t u r ee m p l o y a b i l i t y .R e s e a r c h i n d i c a t e st h a ti n t e r n a t i o n a le x p e r i e n c ec a nd e v e l o pi n t e r c u l t u r a la d a p t a b i l i t yands e n s i t i v i t y( W i l l i a m s ，2 0 0 5 ) andf o s t e ro p e n ‑ m i n d e d n e s s， p a t i e n c e，f l e x i b i l i t y ，a nd c u l t u r a ls e l f ‑ a w a r e n e s s( R o o t & Ngam‑ 0 1 3 ;Zimmermann& Neyer，2 0 1 3 ) .S t u d e n t sa l s obecome p o r n c h a i，2 a k i n ga c t i o nt oworkf o rt h ecommongood moreg l o b a l l ye n g a g e d，t 0 1 4 ;P a i g e ，F ry，S t a l l m a n，J o s i e& J o n，2 0 0 9 )andg a i n ( P a i g e& Fry，2 f o r e i g nl a n g u a g ep r o f i c i e n c y and knowledge o ff o r e i g nc u l t u r e s ，G ordon& Maiworm，2 0 01 ) .H EIsw i t hh i g hl e v e l so fs t u d e n t ( T e i c h l e r 1ooki sr e g a r d e da sam e a s ‑ m o b i l i t yg a i np r e s t i g ea sani n t e r n a t i o n a lout u r eo fu n i v e r s i t yq u a l i t y .T h i se n a b l e sHEIst or i s ei nw o r l du n i v e r s i t y ，whichi nt u r ndrawsi nmorei n t e r n a t i o n a ls t u d e n t sandf u r ‑ r a n k i n g s t h e rb o o s t st h ei n t e r n a t i o n a lr e p u t a t i o no ft h ei n s t i t u t i o n( H a z e l k o r n， 2 0 1 1 ;VanDamme，2 0 1 4 ) . Att h en a t i o n a ll e v e l，s t u d e n tm o b i l i t ymay e n h a n c eac o u n t r y ' se c o n o m i candi n t e r n a t i o n a Jc o m p e t i t i v e n e s sC J o h n 欄 欄 ] a p a n e s eS t u d e n tP e r s p 巳c t i v e st o w a r d sS t u d yAbroad 1 0 9 2 0 1 3 )， boostimmi‑ son， 2 0 11 ) ，i n c r e a s es o c i a lc o h e s i o n( P o w e l l&Finger， g r a t i o n(Knight，2 0 1 2 )，promotedemocraticv a l u e s( S p i l i m b e r g o，2 0 0 9 ) 2 0 1 0 ) . andimprovehumanr i g h t sp r a c t i c e s(Atkinson， JapaneseStudentsAbroadandtheIssueofInward‑Iooking Youth Againstt h i sbackdropo fi n c r e a s e ds t u d e n tm o b i l i t yandr e c o g n i 骨 t i o no ft h eb e n e f i t st h a tstudyingo u t s i d eo fo n e ' shomecountrycan ， Japanhasgainedt h er e p u t a t i o nt h a ti t syouthi sr i s k ‑ a v e r s eand b r i n g o o k i n g，noti n t e r e s t e di no v e r s e a ss t u d y . Accordingt od a t a inwardl 欄 fromi n t e r n a t i o n a ls o u r c e sandcompiledbyt h eJapaneseM i n i s t r yo f Education， C u l t u r e， S p o r t s，S c i e n c eandTechnology(MEXT)， t h enum‑ b e ro fJapaneses t u d e n t sstudyingabroada tHE1sh i tahigho f8 2， 9 4 5i n 2 0 0 4， butby2 0 1 0t h enumberhadf a l l e nt o5 8， 0 1 0andby2 0 1 1， t h enum‑ ， reachingalow b e ro fJapaneses t u d e n t so v e r s e a shadd e c l i n e df u r t h e r 5 0 1( Japan Student S e r v i c e sO r g a n i z a t i o n[ JASSO ， ]2 0 1 4 )( s e e o f5 7， Figure1 ) .1 naround2 0 1 0， mediar e p o r t s， bothi nJapaneseandE n g l i s h， 0 0 0 9 0， 8 5， 0 0 0 " '8 0， 0 0 0 g7 5， 0 0 0 ]7 0， 0 0 0 ~ 6 5， 0 0 0 5 附 B i ; 1 6 0 . 0 0 0 T 官5 5， 0 0 0川 町 イ 5 9， 4 6 0 当 . r 5 51 .4 5 0 0 0 Z5 0， 4 5， 0 0 0 4 0， 0 0 0 ぐがもゆ，b\~~~併\~~\~~\~~~，もも《ρ併もがやt:，b..併やももが'!がやももややがが ~ Y e a r N u m b e ro fJ a p a n e s eN a t i o n a l sS t u d y i n gO v e r s e a s F i g u r e1 Numbero fJ a p a n e s en a t i o n a l se n r o l l e di no v e r s e a sH E I s d u c a t i o na taG l a n c e ;UNESCOI n s t i t u t e s o u r c e :MEXT( 2 0 1 5 a )c o m p i l e df r o mOECD，E O p e nD o o r s ;M i n i s t r yo fE d u c a t i o no fC h i n a ;M i n i s t r yo fE d u c a ‑ f o rS t a t i s t i c s ;I I E， t i o nR e p u b l i co fC h i n a( T a i w a n )d a t a . 1 1 0 明 治 大 学 教 養 論 集 通 巻5 1 0号 ( 2 0日・ 9 ) r e f e r r i n gt ot h eu c h i m u k i ，o ri n w a r d ‑ l o o k i n g，t e n d e n c i e so f] a p a n ' ss t u ‑ p i n i o np i e c e sp u b l i s h e dby d e n t sbegant oi n t e n s i f y . Forexample，o e a ro fS t u d y ‑ newso u t l e t sp r o c l a i m e dt h a t] a p a n e s es t u d e n t shavea F 0 1 0 )，Shunt h eWor1dS t a g e " i n gAbroad"( " F e a ro fs t u d y i n ga b r o a d "，2 ，2 0 1 2 )and h i n d e r[ t h e ]n a t i o n ' se c o n o m i cg r o w t h "(Yama‑ ( D u j a r r i c w a k i，2 0 1 1 )，d e c 1 a r i n gt h a twemust R e v e r s e] a p a n ' sI n s u 1 a r i ‑ moto& I 2 0 1 0 ) .D e s p i t emediar h e t o r i c ， c l o s ee x a m i n a t i o no ft h e t y "(Fukushima， d a t ar e g a r d i n gi n t e r n a t i o n a 1m o b i l i t yandr e s e a r c hr e p o r t sa d d r e s s i n g t h ei s s u ehave1 a r g e 1 yc o n c 1 u d e dt h a tt h ed e c l i n ei nt h enumbero fs t u ‑ u t d e n t ss t u d y i n go v e r s e a si sn o tt h er e s u 1 to ft h es t u d e n t s 'o u t l o o k，b t h er e s u 1 to fv a r i o u so b s t a c 1 e st h a ts i m p l ydon o ti n c e n t i v i z es t u d y 0 1 4 b ;CULCON ， a b r o a df o rmanyt e r t i a r ys t u d e n t s( e . g .B r i t i s hC o u n c i l，2 2 0 1 3 ) . I nacommentaryone d u c a t i o nandt h ep r o b 1 e mo fi n t r o s p e c t i v e ， I m o t o( 2 0 1 3 )commentedt h a tt h ep o p u 1 a rd i s c o u r s ee m p h a s i z i n g youth t h ei n t r o v e r t e dn a t u r eo fyoung] a p a n e s ei sb a s e donano v e r ‑ r e l i a n c e ont h ed a t ap e r t a i n i n gt ot h enumbero f] a p a n e s es t u d e n t ss t u d y i n gi n ， t h enumbero f] a p a n e s es t u d e n t ss t u d y i n gi n t h eU n i t e dS t a t e s .I n d e e d t h eU n i t e dS t a t e sd e c l i n e dmuchmorer a p i d 1 yt h a nd i dt h enumbero f s t u d e n t ss t u d y i n gi no t h e rc o u n t r i e s . Betweent h ey e a r s2 0 0 1and2 0 1 1， t h eU n i t e dS t a t e se x p e r i e n c e dad r o po f57%i nt h enumbero fi n b o u n d ，t h e r ehaveb e e ns i g n i f i c a n ti n c r e a s e si n ] a p a n e s es t u d e n t s . However ， A s i a， andt h eM i d d 1 e t h enumbero fs t u d e n t ss t u d y i n gi nL a t i nAmerica ) .E x a m i n a t i o no ft h eo v e r s e a ss t u d yd e s t i n a t i o n so f] a p a E a s t( T a b 1 e1 n e s es t u d e n t sshowss h i f t i n gp a t t e r n so fs t u d e n tm o b i l i t yandi n d i c a t e s ta 1 s os u g g e s t sa] a p a n e s e c h a n g e si nt h ea r e a so fi n t e r e s tf o rs t u d e n t s .I s t u d e n tbodyo p e nt onewi n t e r n a t i o n a 1e x p e r i e n c e s . I ti sa p p r o p r i a t et on o t et h a tt h ed e c r e a s i n gs i z eo f] a p a n ' sy o u t h c o h o r ti so f t e nc i t e da sar e a s o nf o rt h ed e c l i n ei nt h enumbero f] a p a ‑ ，2 0 1 1 ;I m o t o ， 2 0 1 3 ;Shimmi ，2 0 1 1 ) . How‑ n e s es t u d e n t so v e r s e a sC H a r d e n ， t h i sargumenti sn o tp a r t i c u 1 a r 1 yv a l i dwheno n ec o n s u l t su n i v e r ‑ e v e r s i t ye n r o l l m e n td a t a .D e s p i t ea20%d r o pi nt h et o t a 1numbero f1 8y e a r ‑ 2 0 1 5 )， t h e r eh a sb e e n o l d si nt h eg e n e r a 1p o p u 1 a t i o nC S t a t i s t i c sB u r e a u， ani n c r e a s ei nt h enumbero fnewe n t r a n t se n r o l l i n gi nf o u ry e a ru n i v e r 欄 嗣 嗣 J a p a n e s eS t u d e n tP e r s p e c t i v e st o w a r d sS t u d yA b r o a d1 1 1 T a b l e1 T h enumbero fJ a p a n e s es t u d e n t ss t u d y i n ga b r o a d， b yg e o g r a p h i cr e g i o n Numbero fJ a p a n e s eS t u d e n t sO v e r s e a s C h a n g e 2 0 0 1 2 0 1 1 No r t hA m e r i c a ( U n i t e dS t a t e s ) E u r o p e A s i a O c e a n i a C e n t r a la n d S o u t hA m e r i c a M i d d l ea n dN e a rE a s t A f r i c a TOTAL 2 8 8 4 8， ( 4 6， 8 1 0 ) 1 1， 0 9 6 1 5， 8 2 6 2 ， 9 0 6 2 1 。 1 4 1 5 1 7 8， ， 6 5 3 9 2 2， 5 5 6 3 . 17 8 ‑55% ( ‑57%) ‑13% +43% +9% 2 2 4 +967% 5 1 2 2 5 7， 5 0 1 +264% 2 1 .8 1 7 ( 19 ， 9 6 6 ) ‑27% S o u r c e :MEXT， 2 0 0 4 ;J A S S O， 2 0 1 4 s i t i e sandt h et o t a 1numbero fu n i v e r s i t ys t u d e n t sr o s eby5%between ， 2 0 1 5 b ) . Perhapsamorev i a b 1 edemographice x ‑ 2 0 0 0and2 0 1 0(MEXT p 1 a n a t i o nf o rt h ed e c r e a s i n gnumberso fs t u d e n t ss t u d y i n go v e r s e a si s t h eoutcomec r e a t e dbyt h ec o m b i n a t i o no ft h ei n c r e a s e de n r o l l m e n t c a p a c i t yo f] a p a n e s eHEIs( t h enumbero ff o u r ‑ y e a rHEIsh a si n c r e a s e d i nt h e1 a s tfewd e c a d e s )，t h eh i g h e rt e r t i a r ye n r o l l m e n tr a t e s，andt h e 10w巴r1 e v e 1 so fs c h o l a s t i cachievemento fs t u d e n t sr a i s e dundert h e y u t o r io rr e l a x e d 'e d u c a t i o nsystemC inwhichthenumberofclassroom 0 1 5 ;Kinmonth，2 0 0 5 ) .I n d e e d，i ti s h o u r swered e c r e a s e d )( K a r i y a，2 w i d e 1 yacknowledgedt h a t] a p a n e s es t u d e n t sa r e1 e s sc o m p e t i t i v ethan t h e yo n c ewerewheni tcomest ob e i n ga c c e p t e dt ou n i v e r s i t i e so v e r s e a s . ( e . g .Fukushima ， 2 0 1 0 ) .T h i si s s u ewase x a c e r b a t e dwitht h ea d d i t i o no f as p e a k i n gcomponentt ot h eT e s to fE n g l i s ha saF o r e i g nLanguage (TOEFL)i n2 0 0 6 .T h i st e s ti sr e q u i r e df o ra c c e p t a n c ei n t omanyo v e r ‑ s e a sHEIs ，and] a p a n e s es t u d e n t sf i n dt h es p e a k i n gcomponentp a r t i c u ‑ 0 1 5 ) . l a r l yc h a l l e n g i n g(ETS，2 Theo v e r a l ld e c l i n ei nt e r t i a r ys t u d e n t ss t u d y i n gabroadmasks o t h e rp r o m i s i n gt r e n d si n] a p a n e s ei n t e r n a t i o n a le d u c a t i o n . P u s h ‑ f a c t o r st h a tmighthaveonced r i v e n] a p a n e s es t u d e n t saw 何r fromhome ，i ti s t os e e k1 0 n g ‑ t e r me d u c a t i o nabroadhaved e c r e a s e d . Forexamp1e 1 1 2 明治大学教養論集通巻5 1 0号 ( 2 0 1 5・ 9 ) nowp o s s i b l et og a i namuchmorei n t e r n a t i o n a le d u c a t i o n a le x p e r i e n c e w i t h i nJ a p a n .T h e r ei si n c r e a s i n gd i v e r s i t yi nJ a p a nb o t hi nt e r m so ft h e 2 0 11 )a ndi n p e o p l el i v i n gands t u d y i n gw i t h i ni t sb o r d e r s( T s u n e y o s h i， t e r m so ft h et y p e so fh i g h e re d u c a t i o na v a i l a b l e‑ t h e r ea r ei n c r e a s i n g 2p r o v i d ean numberso fHEIst h a to f f e rab r o a dl i b e r a la r t se d u c a t i o n， e a c h growing numbers o f i n t e r n a t i o n a l l y ‑ f o c u s e dc u r r i c u l u m3，and t t u d e n t sp a r t i c i p a t i n gi n c o u r s e st h r o u g ht h emediumo fEnglish 4 • S t h e s emodelso fh i g h e re d u c a t i o na r emuchmorel i k e l yt os t u d ya b r o a d andc o n s e q u e n t l ymayp a r t i c i p a t ei nmodeso f ons h o r t ‑ t e r mprograms， o v e r s e a ss t u d yt h a ta r en o tc a p t u r e di nn a t i o n a loutbounds t u d e n t numbers 5• I na d d i t i o n，outbounds t u d e n td a t ad o e sn o tc a p t u r et h enumbero f h i g hs c h o o ls t u d e n t sg o i n ga b r o a d . Studya b r o a da g e n c i e ss u c ha s RyugakuJ o u r n a lh aver e p o r t e das u r g ei nt h enumbero fh i g hs c h o o l 0 1 2 ) . An‑ s t u d e n t sg o i n go v e r s e a si nr e c e n ty e a r s(RyugakuJ o u r n a l，2 o t h e rp r o m i s i n gt r e n di ni n t e r n a t i o n a le d u c a t i o ni st h ei n c r e a s i n gnum‑ b e ro fs t u d e n t sg o i n go v e r s e a st h r o u g hi n t e r ‑ u n i v e r s i t ye x c h a n g e ，w hichr o s efrom1 8 ， 5 7 0i n2 0 0 4t o4 5 ， 0 8 2i n a g r e e m e n t sandp a r t n e r s h i p s JASSO ，2 0 0 6 ，2 0 1 5 ) .I ti shopedt h a ts t r e n g t h e n i n gc o l l a b o r a t i o n 2 0 1 3( s e a su n i v e r s i t i e swi 1 le n c o u r a g emoreand betweenJ a p a n e s eandov巴r mores t u d e n t st oc h o o s eas t u d ya b r o a de x p e r i e n c e . JapaneseStudentSentimenttowardsOverseasStudy R e s e a r c hs t u d i e se x a m i n i n gJ a p a n e s ep e r s p e c t i v e st o w a r d ss t u d y a b r o a dhavef o u n du n i v e r s i t ys t u d e n t st ob emorep o s i t i v e l yi n c l i n e d tI ns m a l l t o w a r d so v e r s e a ss t u d yt h a nmediar h e t o r i cmights u g g e s. r a d f o r dand s c a l es t u d i e sc o n d u c t e dbyAsaokaandYano ( 2 0 0 9 )，B a s s e g a r d( 2 0 1 3 )，t h em a j o r i t yo fs t u d e n t ss u r ‑ F u j i m o t o( 2 0 1 4 )，andL e s p e c ‑ veyede x p r e s s e di n t e r e s ti ns t u d y i n ga b r o a d(67%，89%and57%r t i v e l y ) . Theyi n d i c a t e dd e s i r e sf o rani n t e r c u l t u r a le x p e r i e n c e(29%o f ，A saoka& Yano， 7 6s t u d e n t swhohadn o tp r e v i o u s l ys t u d i e da b r o a d 2 0 0 9 ) ;t oimprovet h e i rE n g l i s ha b i l i t i e s(54%o u to f3 5s t u d e n t swho werei n t e r e s t e di ns t u d y i n ga b r o a d，B r a d f o r d& F u i i m o t o，2 0 1 4 ) ;andt o ] a p a n e s eS t u d e n tP e r s p e c t i v e st o w a r d sS t u d yA b r o a d1 1 3 expandt h e i ri n t e r n a t i o n a l j g 1 0 b a 1p e r s p e c t i v e s (68%o f2 1 0s t u d e n t s who i n d i c a t e dt h a tt h e y wanted t oo rp 1 a n n e dt os t u d ya b r o a d， L a s s e g a r d ，2 0 1 3 ) . L a r g e r ‑ s c a 1 es t u d i e so fmoren a t i o n a l l y ‑ r e p r e s e n t a t i v es a m p 1 e sdo ，b u tn e v e r t h e 1 e s s n o tshowa smuchs t u d e n ti n t e r e s ti ns t u d ya b r o a d ， 2 5 6J a p a n e s es t u d e n t sc o n ‑ d i s p l a yp o s i t i v et r e n d s .I nas u r v e yo f3 a i dt h e yw e r e d u c t e dby R e c r u i tM a r k e t i n gP a r t n e r si n2 0 1 3，33% s i n t e r e s t e di ns t u d y i n go u t s i d eo fJ a p a n .T h i sf i g u r ei s6%h i g h e rt h a n ， i nas i m i l a r2 0 1 1s u r v e y . Asar e a s o nf o rt h e i ri n t e r e s ti ns t u d ya b r o a d 75%c i t e dad e s i r et ocommunicatei naf o r e i g n1 a n g u a g e( I CEF ，2 0 1 3 ) . i 1( 2 0 1 4 b )s u r v e y e d2 ， 0 0 4s t u d e n t sandr e c e n tg r a d u ‑ TheB r i t i s hCounc a t e sandf o u n dt h a t45%wou1dl i k et oo rhavea 1 r e a d yp a r t i c i p a t e di na n d i c a t e d p e r i o do fo v e r s e a ss t u d y . Amongt h i sg r o u po fs t u d e n t s，79%i t h a tt h emainf a c t o ri n f 1 u e n c i n gt h e i rd e s i r et os t u d yo v e r s e a swast o i m p r o v et h e i rl a n g u a g es k i l l s . Whenc o n s i d e r i n gs t u d e n ta t t i t u d e st o ‑ wardso v e r s e a ss t u d y， t h emostr e v e a l i n gf i n d i n gfromt h i ss t u d yi st h a t J a p a n e s es t u d e n ts e n t i m e n tt o w a r d ss t u d ya b r o a d (45%p o s i t i v er e ‑ s p o n s e s )i smoref a v o r a b 1 et h a nt h a to fs t u d e n t sfromt h eU n i t e dK i n g ‑ dom (37% p o s i t i v er e s p o n s e s ) andU n i t e dS t a t e s (44%p o s i t i v er e s ‑ 0 1 4 a ) . The p o n s e s )whenp o l l e di nas i m i l a rs u r v e y( B r i t i s hC o u n c i l，2 o n c e r n sa b o u to v e r s e a ss t u d ya r en o tduet oa r e p o r tc o n c l u d e st h a tc t u d e n t si nJ a p a n c u l t u r a 1m i n d ‑ s e tt h a ti se x c l u s i v et oJ a p a n "andt h a ts 1 1 sa g a i n s tt h ec o s to fo v e r s e a s weigh t h eo p p o r t u n i t yt og a i ns ki 0 1 4 b，p .2 2 ) . s t u d y "( B r i t i s hC o u n c i l，2 D e s p i t eacommonu n d e r s t a n d i n gamongt h ea c a d e m i c swhohave examinedt h ei s s u ec l o s e 1 yt h a tt h ei n w a r d ‑ 1 0 0 k i n gy o u t hc o n c e p ti sa e . g .B r i t i s hC o u n c i l，2 0 1 4 b ;I m o t o，2 0 1 3 )， t h er h e t o r i ch a ss e r v e d myth，( a sau s e f u 1t o o 1f o rr e i n v i g o r a t i n gp o l i c yd i s c u s s i o na b o u ti n t e r n a t i o n a 1 ， 2 0 1 3 ， f o raf u l ld i s c u s s i o no fhowt h emedia s t u d e n tm o b i l i t y( s e eI m o t o r h e t o r i co fi n s u 1 a r i t ycamet ob ea p p r o p r i a t e dbye d u c a t i o n a 1p o l i c y tk i c k ‑ s t a r t e dt h ei m p 1 e m e n t a t i o no fmanyi n i t i a t i v e sd e ‑ m a k e r s ) .I n ‑ s i g n e dt oi n t e r n a t i o n a l i z eJ a p a n ' se d u c a t i o ns y s t e m . S i n c e2 0 1 1，i c r e a s e d governmentf u n d i n gf o routbound m o b i l i t yh a s1 e dt ot h e c r e a t i o no fi n i t i a t i v e st h a ti n c l u d ec o l l a b o r a t i v em o b i l i t yprograms， 1 1 4 明 治 大 学 教 養 論 集 通 巻5 1 0号 ( 2 0日・ 9 ) j o i n td e g r e e s，c r e d i tt r a n s f e rmechanisms，ands c h o l a r s h i p sf o rs t u d y a b r o a d( s e et h eJ a p a nS o c i e t yf o rt h eP r o m o t i o no fS c i e n c ew e b s i t ef o r 2 0 1 5 b )r e p o r t e dan i n f o r m a t i o na b o u tt h e s ep r o j e c t s ) .I n2 0 1 5，MEXT( i n c r e a s ei nt h enumbero fJ a p a n e s en a t i o n a l ss t u d y i n ga b r o a di nt h e ) ， andJASSOf i g u r e sf o r2 0 1 3 a c a d e m i cy e a r2 0 1 2 ‑ 2 0 1 3( s e eF i g u r e1 2 0 1 4( a l t h o u g hb a s e donad i f f e r e n td a t a s e t )i n d i c a t eac o n t i n u i n gi n ‑ c r e a s e . StudentPerspectivesSurvey o ‑ d a t ep i c t u r eo fp e r s p e c t i v e st o w a r d ss t u d y Tod e v e l o panupt t u d e n t ss t u d y i n gi nt h e a b r o a damongs t u d e n t sa tM e i j iU n i v e r s i t y，s F a c u l t yo fB u s i n e s sA d m i n i s t r a t i o nbetweenA p r i l2 0 1 4andJ u n e2 0 1 5 werei n v i t e dt oc o m p l e t eano n l i n ed u a l ‑ l a n g u a g eJ a p a n e s eandE n g l i s h q u e s t i o n n a i r e .I n ‑ d e p t hd a t aa b o u tt h es t u d e n t s 'p e r s p e c t i v e st o w a r d s s t u d y i n go v e r s e a swasg a t h e r e dv i ab o t hc l o s e d ‑ando p e n ‑ e n d e di t e m s p e r t a i n i n gt ot h es t u d e n t s 'a s p i r a t i o n st os t u d ya b r o a dandp e r c e i v e d .I no r d e rt o u t i l i t yo fap e r i o do fs t u d yo v e r s e a sf o rf u t u r eemployment ， t h eq u e s t i o n n a i r ea l s o e n a b l eu n d e r s t a n d i n go ft h es t u d e n tp a r t i c i p a n t s g a t h e r e dbackgroundi n f o r m a t i o nr e g a r d i n gt h es t u d e n t s 'u n i v e r s i t y n g l i s h ‑ l a n g u a g ea b i l i t y，p r e v i o u si n t e r n a t i o n a le x p e r i e n c e( in ‑ s t u d y，E u t u r e c l u d i n gp e r i o d so ft i m es p e n tl i v i n go rs t u d y i n ga b r o a d )，andf employmentp l a n s . Thenumbero fi t e m sp r e s e n t e dt oe a c hp a r t i c i p a n t v a r i e da sar e s u l to ft h e i ra n s w e r st op r e v i o u si t e m s .S t u d e n t swere i n f o r m e do ft h ev o l u n t a r yn a t u r eo ft h e i rp a r t i c i p a t i o nandwereaware t h a tt h er e s u l t so ft h eq u e s t i o n n a i r ewouldb eu s e da sp a r to far e s e a r c h t p r o j e c. A l ls t u d e n t si n v i t e dt oc o m p l e t et h eq u e s t i o n n a i r ehade l e c t e dt o e n r o l li ni n t e r n a t i o n a l l y ‑ o r i e n t a t e dc o u r s e sd e l i v e r e dt h r o u g ht h eme‑ rweret a k i n gs u c hc o u r s e sa sp a r to fani n t e r n a t i o n diumo fE n g l i s h，o a l l y ‑ o r i e n t a t e da c a d e m i ct r a c k . Someo ft h ep a r t i c i p a n t shada l r e a d y t committedt oas h o r tp e r i o do fa c a d e m i cs t u d yo v e r s e a s .T h e r e f o r e，i wase x p e c t e dt h a tt h e s es t u d e n t swouldl o o kf a v o r a b l yoni n t e r n a t i o n a l n w a r dl o o k i n gt e n d e n c i e sw i t hwhichJ a p a ‑ s t u d yandn o td i s p l a yt h巴 i 開 欄 欄 J a p a n e s eS t u d e n tP巴r s p e c t i v e st o w a r d sS t u d yA b r o a d1 1 5 n e s eyouthhaveb e e nl a b e l e d .G i v e nt h i sp a r t i c i p a n tp r o f i l e ， t h er e s u l t s o ft h es u r v e ya r ei n t e n d e dt oh i g h l i g h tt h ep e r s p e c t i v e so fagroupo f s t u d e n t sm o t i v a t e dt o w a r d ss t u d ya b r o a d . Participantinformation F o r t y ‑ s i xs t u d e n t sfromM e i j iU n i v e r s i t y ' sS c h o o lo fB u s i n e s sA d ‑ e r emaleand48%were m i n i s t r a t i o nc o m p l e t e dt h eq u e s t i o n n a i r e，52%w f e m a l e . Them a j o r i t y( 7 4 % )weree n r o l l e di nt h e i rf i r s ty e a ra tu n i v e r ‑ t h e r sweres e c o n d ‑ y e a rs t u d e n t s . Noneo ft h ep a r t i c i p a n t shad s i t y，o B T( T e s to fE n g l i s ha saF o r e i g nL a n ‑ t a k e ne i t h e rt h eTOEFLITPo ri guageI n s t i t u t i o n a lT e s t i n gProgramo ri n t e r n e tB a s e dT e s t )a tt h et i m e ， 2 9s t u d e n t sr e p o r t e dTOEIC( T e s to fE n g l i s h o fp a r t i c i p a t i o n .However f o rI n t e r n a t i o n a lCommunication)s c o r e sr a n g i n gfrom4 3 0t o8 0 5o u to f i t hamedians c o r eo f6 3 5 . TOEICs c o r e sa r eu s e dby at o t a lo f9 9 0，w a l m o s t8 0 0c o m p a n i e si nJ a p a nt oa s s e s st h eE n g l i s hp r o f i c i e n c yo ft h e i r newr e c r u i t s .I n2 0 1 4 ， t h ea v e r a g enewr e c r u i thadas c o r eo f5 0 0(ETS， 2 0 1 4 ) . However ，t h ea v e r a g er e f e r e n c emarkt oi n d i c a t eE n g l i s hp r o f i c i e n c yamongnewr e c r u i t si s6 3 5 (ETS，2 0 1 3 ) . Thes t u d e n t si nt h i s s t u d yt h e r e f o r ed i s p l a yb e t t e r ‑ t h a n ‑ a v e r a g eE n g l i s hs k i l l sf o rJ a p a n e s e s t u d e n t s . TOEICs c o r e sa r en o tc o n s i d e r e dbyu n i v e r s i t ya d m i s s i o n s p r o c e s s e sa ss u i t a b l ei n d i c a t o r so fa b i l i t yt os t u d ya b r o a d . Thep a r t i c i p a n t shadv a r y i n gamountso fp r e v i o u si n t e r n a t i o n a l ， e x p e r i e n c e .F i f t y ‑ n i n ep e r c e n thadt r a v e l l e do u t s i d eo fJ a p a nb e f o r e ands e v e ns t u d e n t s( 15%)hadl i v e da b r o a di nt h ep a s t，w i t htwos p e n d ‑ i n gmoret h a nf i v ey e a r so v e r s e a s .Onlyf o u rs t u d e n t s( 9 % )hads t u d i e d . tThreeo ft h e s es t u d e n t shadc o m p l e t e dE n g l i s ha sa a b r o a di nt h ep a s s e c o n dl a n g u a g e( E S L )anda c a d e m i cprogramso fl e s st h a no n emonth h eUK，andt h eUSA，ando n es t u d e n thads p e n tbetween i nA u s t r a l i a，t t h r e eands i xmonthse n r o l l e di nanESLprogrami nt h eP h i l i p p i n e s . Twoo ft h es t u d e n t swhohads t u d i e da b r o a dhada l s op r e v i o u s l yl i v e d a b r o a d( f o rp e r i o d so fl e s st h a ntwoy e a r s ) . 併 1 0号 ( 2 0日・ 9 ) 1 1 6 明治大学教養論集 通巻 5 Results A s p i r α ，t i o n st os t u d yαbroad As s u s p e c t e db a s e d on t h es t u d e n t s 'c h o i c eo fi n t e r n a t i o n a l l y ‑ h i sp a r t i c u l a rgroupo fs t u d e n t si s o r i e n t a t e du n i v e r s i t ycoursework，t p o s i t i v e l yo r i e n t a t e dt os t u d ya b r o a d . Oft h o s ewhohavenevers t u d i e d 2 )，88%( 3 7s t u d e n t s )i n d i c a t e dt h a tt h e ywouldl i k et o . abroad(η=4 11%，n= 4 6 )i n d i c a t e dt h a tt h e y Onlyf i v eo ft h es t u d e n t ssurveyed( hadnoi n t e r e s ti ns t u d y i n ga b r o a d . The s t u d e n t s who i n d i c a t e dt h a tt h e y had p r e v i o u s l ys t u d i e d )w ere abroado rwouldl i k et ostudyo v e r s e a si nt h ef u t u r e (n= 41 askedwhyt h e yhadc h o s e nt oo rwouldl i k et ov e n t u r eo v e r s e a sf o r s t u d y .I no r d e rt oo b t a i naf u l lr a n g eo fr e a s o n sf o ri n t e r e s ti ns t u d y h ep a r t i c i p a n t swereaskedt ow r i t eano p e n ‑ e n d e dr e s p o n s e abroad，t andweren o tl i m i t e di nt h enumbero fr e a s o n st h e yc o u l dg i v e .T h e i r r e s p o n s e swerea n a l y z e dando r g a n i z e di n t os e v e nt h e m e s . Thee m e r ‑ u l t u r a lknowledgea c q u i ‑ g e n tthemesa r e :E n g l i s hs k i l l simprovement，c fnewp e r s p e c t i v e s，communicationwitho t h e r s， s i t i o n，developmento e x p e r i e n c ea c q u i s i t i o n，t h es t u d yo fc o n t e n t .andb e n e f i t st of u t u r ec a ‑ r e e r .T a b l e2showst h ef r e q u e n c ywithwhiche a c hthemewasmen‑ 1ow t i o n e dbyp a r t i c i p a n t s .D e s c r i p t i o n so ft h eemergentthemesf ol ft h ep a r t i c i p a n t s 's e n t i m e n t sa r ep r e s e n t e di n below，andexampleso e a s o n sf o ri n t e r e s ti ns t u d ya b r o a d‑f r e q u e n c yo fo c c u r ‑ T a b l e2 R 1 ) r e n c ea n db r e a k d o w nb yg e n d e r(n=4 Theme ヴt ワt d 内 q d A ハ Hv'EAnhuntuoy内 ノ︐ E ‑ ‑ F r e q u e n c yb yG e n d e r M a l e F e m a l e ・ RV'inL oonhvn44 ヴ QO t O B l l E n g l i s hs k i l l si m p r o v e m e n t tu r a lk n o w l e d g ea c q u i s i t i o n CuI D e v e l o p m e n to fnewp e r s p e c t i v e s C o m m u n i c a t i o nw i t ho t h e r s E x p e r i e n c ea c q u i s i t i o n Thes t u d yo fc o n t e n t 巴c a r e e r B e n e f i t st of u t u r F r e q u e n c y ] a p a n e s eS t u d e n tP e r s p e c t i v e st o w a r d sS t u d yA b r o a d 1 1 7 t h e i rownw o r d s .P a r t i c i p a n t swerea s s i g n e dc o d e swhicha l l o wthemt o remainanonymous，b u te n a b l et h er e a d e rt omakec o n n e c t i o n sbetween s t u d e n tr e s p o n s e sa c r o s si t c m s . E n g l i s hs k i l l si m p r o v e m e n ti st h ethememosto f t e nmentionedby p a r t i c i p a n t si nt h i ss t u d y . Manys t u d e n t sviews t u d yabroada sav e h i ‑ c l ef o rimprovingt h e i rE n g l i s h1 a n g u a g ea b i l i t i e s，i np a r t i c u 1 a rt h e i r s p e a k i n gs k i 1 1 s .P e r h a p ss u r p r i s i n g 1 y，o n 1 ytwos t u d e n t sa r t i c u 1 a t e da 1 1 improvement and communicating c o n n e c t i o n between E n g l i s hs ki ，e x p r e s s i n gd e s i r e st o，f o rexamp1e，" . .. makep r o g r e s smy w i t ho t h e r s 1 T h i si sb e c a u s e1wou1d1 i k et ot a 1 kw i t hmyf o r e i g n E n g l i s hs k i 1. f r i e n d s "( S 1 7 ) .O t h e rs t u d e n t sa p p e a r e dt od i v o r c eE n g 1 i s hs t u d yfrom i t sr e a 1 ‑ w o r l da p p l i c a t i o n . C u l t u r a lk n o w l e d g eαc q u i s i t i o ni st h es e c o n dmostf r e q u e n t l ye x ‑ p r e s s e dt h e m e .S e n t i m e n t si n c l u d e di nt h i sc a t e g o r yc e n t e r e donw a n t ‑ i n gt o1 e a r naboutands t u d yo t h e rc u l t u r e s . Ones t u d e n tviewedt h e a c q u i s i t i o no fc u l t u r a 1know1edgea sat o o 1t of a c i l i t a t ei m p 1 e m e n t a t i o n o ft h e i rf u t u r eemp10ymentp 1 a n s . D e v e l o p m e n t0 1newp e r s ρe c t i v e s .T h i sthemef o c u s e son b r o a d e n ‑ a i n i n gnewknow1edgeands e e i n g myc o u n t r yfrom i n gh o r i z o n s "，g o t h e rp o i n t so fv i e w s "( S 3 3 ) .T h i sthemed i f f e r sfromc u l t u r a 1k n o w 1 ‑ e d g ea c q u i s i t i o ni nt h a ti ti st r a n s f o r m a t i v er a t h e rt h a nmere1yf o c u s i n g on1 e a r n i n g . Ones t u d e n te x p r e s s e dad e s i r et o changem y s e 1 f "( S l1 ) . Communicationw i t ho t h e r swasd e s c r i b e da sar e a s o nf o ri n t e r e s ti n s t u d yabroadbys e v e ns t u d e n t s .S t u d e n t ss e et h e i rt i m eo v e r s e a sa san i t hp e o p 1 ea l lo v e rt h ew o r 1 d "( S 4 3 )and o p p o r t u n i t yt o communicatew s p e a kw i t ha1 0 to fp e o p l e "( S 4 5 ) . ρe r i e n c ea c q u i s i t i o nr e 1 a t e st ot h ea c q u i s i t i o no fnewe x p e r i e n c e s Ex i nb r o a dt e r m s .R e s p o n s e si nt h i sthemei n c l u d ct h i n g ssucha swanting t oe x p e r i e n c esomethingnew"( S 7 )，wantingt os e et h ew o r 1 d "( S 1 6 ) andad e s i r et oc h e c ko u t "t h eU n i t e dS t a t e swhichi st h ec e n t e ro f g l o b a 1[ s i c ] "( S 3 6 ) . Thes t u d y0 1c o n t e n tr e f e r st ocommentsmad巴 byp a r t i c i p a n t sr e ‑ g a r d i n gt h ed e s i r et os t u d yb u s i n e s sandmanagementp r a c t i c e si nt h e U . S . Theses t u d e n t sa p p e a rt op r i o r i t i z et h ea c q u i s i t i o no fc o n t e x t ‑ 1 1 8 明 治 大 学 教 養 論 集 通 巻5 1 0号 ( 2 0日・ g ) s p e c i f i cc o n t e n to v e rl a n g u a g es k i l l sandc u l t u r a lk n o w l e d g e . B e n e j i t st oj u t u r ec a r e e r . Thef i n a lthemer e l a t e st ot h ed i r e c tu t i l i t y t . o ft h es t u d ya b r o a de x p e r i e n c et ot h es t u d e n t s 'f u t u r eemploymen Three p a r t i c i p a n t s mentioned d e s i r e st o work i ni n t e r n a t i o n a l l y ‑ o r i e n t a t e dc a r e e r s . Althought h enumbero fs t u d yp a r t i c i p a n t si st o os m a l lt odrawany c o n c l u s i o n sa b o u tt h egenderd i f f e r e n c e si nm o t i v a t i o n sf o rs t u d y i n g a b r o a d，i ti si n t e r e s t i n gt oo b s e r v et h a tamongt h e s es t u d e n t s，t h eb i g ‑ g e s td i f f e r e n c e sbetweenmalesandf e m a l e so c c u rw i t h i nt h ethemeso f c u l t u r a lknowledgea c q u i s i t i o nandt h edevelopmento fnewp e r s p e c ‑ t i v e s . Thef e m a l es t u d e n t sa p p e a rt obemorei n t e r e s t e di ng o i n go v e r ‑ s e a st ol e a r na b o u td i f f e r e n tc u l t u r e sandbroadent h e i rv i e w p o i n t st h a n dot h emales t u d e n t s . Studyαb r o α d αndf u t u r eemployment Although f u t u r ec a r e e ro p p o r t u n i t i e sd i dn o trankh i g h l ya sa t u d e n t si nt h i ss t u d yoverwhelming m o t i v a t o rf o rs t u d y i n ga b r o a d，s b e l i e v et h a tap e r i o do fi n t e r n a t i o n a ls t u d yw i l lh e l pthemi ns e c u r i n g f u t u r eemployment .N i n e t y ‑ o n ep e r c e n to fp a r t i c i p a n t sb e l i e v et h a t s t u d yabroadw i l lh e l pthemg e taj o b . Whena s k e dt os p e c i f yhow s t u d yabroadw i l lh e l pthemg e taj o b，38% (n= 4 2 )r e s p o n d e dt h a t t h e i rimprovedE n g l i s hs k i l l swouldh e l p ， 31%r e p o r t e dt h a tknowledge n d i c a t e dt h a ti n c r e a s e d o fa n o t h e rc o u n t r y would h e l p，and 21% i i n t e r c u l t u r a lcommunications k i l l swouldb eb e n e f i c i a. lF ours t u d e n t s d e c l i n e dt or e s p o n do rgaveu n c l e a ranswerst ot h i sq u e s t i o n .A n a l y s i s o ft h e s er e s u l t sbygenderd o e sn o ti n d i c a t eanyp e r c e p t i b l ed i f f e r e n c e s b e t w e e r tt h ev a l u eo fones k i l lo v e ra n o t h e ri ne n a b l i n gt h es t u d e n t st o g a i nemployment . Whena s k e da b o u tt h et y p eo fj o bt h e yp l a nt odoa f t e rg r a d u a t i n g fromu n i v e r s i t y，o n l ys e v e ns t u d e n t s( 15%)i n d i c a t e dt h a tt h e ywould l i k ean i n t e r n a t i o n a l "j o b，e i t h e rworkingf o rag l o b a lcompany，d o i n g ，o ri n v o l v i n gE n g l i s h . something c o n n e c t e dw i t hf o r e i g nc o u n t r i e s F o r t y ‑ s i xp e r c e n to ft h ep a r t i c i p a n t sr e s p o n d e dt h a tt h e ydon o tknow whatt h e yp l a nt od o . Theo t h e r sl i s t e dc a r e e ri n t e n t i o n sr a n g i n gfrom ] a p a n e s eS t u d e n tP e r s p e c t i v e st o w a r d sS t u d yA b r o a d 1 1 9 owningt h e i rowncompanies， t oworkingi nmarketingo rf o rt h eg o v ‑ obecominga c c o u n t a n t s，e d i t o r so rT . V .d i r e c t o r s .P e r h a p s ernment，t g i v e nJ a p a n ' sworkingc 1i m a t e， o ft h es t u d e n t swhodo u n s u r p r i s i n g l y， n o tb e l i e v et h a ts t u d ya b r o a dw i l lh e l pthemg a i nemployment，two wisht obecomea c c o u n t a n t sandonew i s h e st obecomeap u b l i co f f i c i a l . Theremainings t u d e n ti nt h i sc a t e g o r yi sn o ts u r ewhatt h e ywantt o d o . Genderbreakdowno ft h e s ed a t ashowst h a tf o u ro ft h es t u d e n t s whowisht oworki ni n t e r n a t i o n a lp r o f e s s i o n sa r emaleandt h r e ea r e f e m a l e，andt h ef o u rwhodon o tb e l i e v et h a ts t u d ya b r o a dw i l lh e l p themg a i nemploymenta r ed i v i d e de v e n l ymaleandf e m a l e . ' D iscussionandImplications Thes t u d e n t si nt h i ss t u d yshows i m i l a rs e n t i m e n t st ot h o s ei n 2 0 1 4 ;B r i t i s hCoun‑ o t h e rJ a p a n ‑ b a s e ds t u d i e s( e . g .B r a d f o r d& Fujimoto， 0 1 4 b )whena s k e dwhyt h e ywantt os t u d ya b r o a d，c i t i n gad e s i r e c i l，2 t oimprovet h e i rl a n g u a g esk i l 1 s ，a l o n gw i t had e s i r et ol e a r na b o u ta n ‑ ti si n t巴r e s t i n gt on o t i c e o t h e rc u l t u r ea st h e i rmostprominentr e a s o n s .I t h a tt h e s ei n t e r e s t sa p p e a rt obed i s c o n n e c t e dfromt h e i rr e a l ‑ w o r da p ‑ p l i c a t i o n s，withs e n t i m e n t sc o n n e c t e dt ocommunicationandt h eb r o a d ‑ e n i n go fp e r s p e c t i v e sl i s t e dl e s so f t e nbyt h es t u d e n t s .T h i si m p l i e st h a t s t u d e n t sf e e la sthought h e ys h o u l dimprovet h e i rs k i l l sandknowledge， b u tdon o thavec l e a rp r a g m a t i cr e a s o n sf o rd o i n gs o .T h i sc o u l di n d i ‑ c a t eani n t r i n s i cd e s i r ef o racademicandp e r s o n a ldevelopment ，a ss u g ‑ rc o u l ds i m p 1 ybet h a t，a sAsaokaand g e s t e dbyL a s s e g a r d( 2 0 1 3 )，o Yano( 2 0 0 9 )p r o p o s e ，Japaneses t u d e n t sa r es i m p l y gooda tf o l l o w i n g ，u n i v e r s i t yands o c i e t y "( p . 1 8 5 ) anda r e p l a n ss u g g e s t e dbyp a r e n t s complyingw i t ht h ed i s c o u r s et h e ye n c o u n t e ro f t e nw i t h i nt h e i ru n i v e r ‑ s i t y . Thed i s c u s s i o nbecomesmorenuancedwhent h es t u d e n t s 'o p i n i o n s a b o u tt h eu t i l i t yo fs t u d ya b r o a df o rf u t u r eemploymenta r ec o n s i d e r e d . Thes t u d e n t soverwhelmingb e l i e v et h a tt i m eo v e r s e a sw i l lh e l pthem s e c u r ef u t u r eemploymen. t Theyb e l i e v et h a tt h eimprovedE n g l i s h s k i l l sandknowledgeo fa n o t h e rc o u n t r yg a i n e dfromt i m eabroada r e 1 2 0 明治大学教養論集通巻5 1 0号 ( 2 0日・ 9 ) ~he k eys k i l l st h a tw i l le n a b l et h i s .F o rt h e s es t u d e n t s .f u t u r ec a r e e r b e n e f i t sa f f o r d e dbys t u d ya b r o a da p p e a rn o tt ob eam o t i v a t i n gf a c t o r i nt h e i ri n t e r e s ti no v e r s e a ss t u d y .b u ta r eawelcomeo u t c o m e . T h e r ei smuchd i s c u s s i o nb a s e dons u r v e y so f] a p a n e s ec o m p a n i e s ( e . g .K e i z a iD o y u k a i，2 0 1 0 )，mediacommentarya n ds t u d e n to p i n i o n ( e . g .T a b u c h i，2 0 1 2 )t h a t] a p a n e s ec o m p a n i e sdon o tv a l u et h es k i l l st h a t n dt h a ts t u d e n t swhoh a v e s t u d e n t sg a i nt h r o u g ho v e r s e a ss t u d y，a s t u d i e da b r o a dh a v ed i f f i c u l t yi nf i n d i n gemploymentuponr e t u r nt o tmayseems u r p r i s i n gt h a tt h es t u d e n t si nt h i s ] a p a n .C o n s e q u e n t l y，i 1 1b eo fb e n e f i tt o s t u d yb e l i e v et h a tap e r i o do ft i m es p e n to v e r s e a swi t h e i rf u t u r ec a r e e r s， e s p e c i a l l ys i n c eo n l y15%i n d i c a t e dt h a tt h e ywould l i k et oworki nsomes o r to fi n t e r n a t i o n a l l y ‑ f o c u s e dj o b .I n d e e d，t h e s e s t u d e n t sw e r emorep o s i t i v ea b o u tt h i si s s u et h a nt h o s ei nt h el a r g e r s u r v e yc o n d u c t e dbyt h eB r i t i s hC o u n c i l( 2 0 1 4 b ) .Onep o s s i b l ee x p l a n a ‑ t sa r ea l ls t u d y i n gb u s i ‑ t i o nf o rt h i sc o u l db et h ef a c tt h a tt h e s es t u d巴n n e s s，af i e l dt h a ti s ，i nt o d a y ' seconomy，i n h e r e n t l yg l o b a . 1 Asn o t e de a r l i e r ，t h eM e i j iU n i v e r s i t yu n d e r g r a d u a t e st h a tp a r t i c i ‑ p a t e di nt h i ss t u d ya r el i k e l ymorei n t e r n a t i o n a l l y ‑ o r i e n t a t e dt h a nt h e t y p i c a l] a p a n e s eu n d e r g r a d u a t e .Theyh a v ea b o v e ‑ a v e r a g eE n g l i s ht e s t ， s c o r e sanda r ee n r o l l e di nE n g l i s h ‑ l a n g u a g ec o n t e n tc o u r s e s .T h e r e f o r e i ti sn o ts u r p r i s i n gt h a tah i g h e rp e r c e n t a g eo ft h e s es t u d e n t si n d i c a t e d t h a tt h e yw e r ei n t e r e s t e di ns t u d ya b r o a dcomparedt ot h emoren a t i o n ‑ a l l y ‑ r e p r e s e n t a t i v es a m p l eo fs t u d e n t sandr . e c e n tg r a d u a t e ss u r v e y e d byt h eB r i t i s hC o u n c i l( 2 0 1 4 b ) .D e s p i t et h i sl i m i t a t i o n，t h er e s u l t so f t h i ss t u d yp r o v i d ei n s i g h t si n t ot h ep e r s p e c t i v e so f] a p a n e s eu n d e r ‑ g r a d u a t e st o w a r d ss t u d ya b r o a d . Theyc a nb eu s e f u lt ot h o s es e e k i n g t ou n d e r s t a n dhowHEIs t a k e h o l d e r smayc a p t u r et h ei n t e r e s t so fand m o t i v a t et h o s es t u d e n t swhoa r emostl i k e l yt ot a k ea d v a n t a g eo fo p ‑ p o r t u n i t i e st os t u d yi n t e r n a t i o n a l l y .T h i si sa ni m p o r t a n tg r q u po fs t u ‑ ，a tM e i j iU n i v e r s i t y， d e n t st ot a r g e tw i t hs t u d ya b r o a di n i t i a t i v e sa s f e w e rt h a n3%o fs t u d e n t ss t u d yo v e r s e a s( M e i j iU n i v e r s i t y，2 0 1 5 ) . J a p a n e s eS t u d e n tP e r s p e c t i v e st o w a r d sS t u d yAbroad 1 2 1 Conclusion Thedramaticd e c l i n ei nt h enumbero fJapaneses t u d e n t sstudying o v e r s e a sa t t r a c t e ds i g n i f i c a n tmediaa t t e n t i o nandc h a r a c t e r i z e ds t u ‑ d e n t sa si n w a r d ‑ l o o k i n gandnoti n t e r e s t e di nstudya b r o a d . Thispaper hasexamined d a t ar e g a r d i n gt h ei n t e r n a t i o n a lm o b i l i t yo fJapanese s t u d e n t sandsoughtt oc l a r i f ys t u d e n tp e r s p e c t i v e st ostudyingo v e r ‑ s e a s . Researchsurveys，i n c l u d i n gt h i ssma l 1‑ s c a l estudyo fM e i j iU n i ‑ v e r s i t ys t u d e n t s ， havec o n s i s t e n t l yshownt h a tmanyJapaneses t u d e n t s a s p i r et ostudy abroad，andd e s i r et oimprovet h e i rlanguages k i l l s， l e a r naboutnewc u l t u r e sandg a i nnewp e r s p e c t i v e s . Recentg o v e r n ω menti n i t i a t i v e sandH EIprogramsrecognizestudenti n t e r e s tandaim t or e i n v i g o r a t eoutwardm o b i l i t ybyremovingsomeo ft h eo b s t a c l e s s t u d e n t sf a c ewhend e c i d i n gt oventureo v e r s e a s .I ti st o oe a r l yt of ul 1y a s s e s st h eoutcomeso fsuchi n i t i a t i v e s，y e tt h er e c e n tupturni nt h e numbero fs t u d e n t sstudyingo v e r s e a si n d i c a t e spromisingt r e n d s . N o t e s 1T h i sf i g u r ei n c l u d e sf o r e i g ns t u d e n t swhoa r er e s i d e n t so ft h ec o u n t r yi n 0 1 4 ) .T h e r e f o r et h et o t a lnumbero f w h i c ht h ed a t aw e r ec o l l e c t e dCOECD，2 i n t e r n a t i o n a l l ym o b i l es t u d e n t smayb el o w er . 2e . g .t h enewI n t e r n a t i o n a lC o l l e g eo fL ib e r a lA r t sa tYamanashiG a k u i n U n i v e r s i t yw h i c ho p e n e di nA p r i l2 0 1 5 3e . g .A k i t aI n t e r n a t i o n a lU n i v 巴r s i t yandR i t s u m e i k a nA s i aP a c i f i cU n i v e r ‑ s i t y 4B o t ht r a d i t i o n a ln a t i o n a landp r i v a t ei n s t i t u t i o n si na d d i t i o nt ot h en e w e r， i n t 巴r n a t i o n a l l y ‑ o r i e n t a t e dH E I s . o re x a m p l e，d o e sn o tr e q u i r es t u d e n t se n r o l l e di nI a n g u a g ep r o 5C a n a d a，f gramso fs i xmonthso rl e s st oo b t a i nas t u d e n tv i s a，ands t u d e n t smay os u c hs t u ‑ t r a v e lt ot h eU . S .f o rr e c r e a t i o n a ls t u d yo nav i s i t o rv i s a，ands d e n t swiUn o tb ec o u n t e di ns t u d e n t ‑ a b r o a dnumbers 司 1 2 2 明 治 大 学 教 養 論 集 通 巻5 1 0号 ( 2 0日・ 9 ) R e f e r e n c e s .& F u j i m o t o，M.( 2 0 1 4，May). lnwardl o o k i n g ?] a p a n e s es t u d e n t B r a d f o r d，A ρe r s ρe c t i v e sons t u d yαb r o a d .P o s t e rp r e s e n t e da tt h eNAFSA( A s s o c i a t i o n iego ，USA. o fI n t e r n a t i o n a lE d u c a t o r s )2 0 1 4C o n f e r e n c e，SanD l( 2 0 1 4 a ) .B r o a d e n i n gh o r i z o n s2 0 1 4 :Embeddingac u l t u r e0 1 B r i t i s hC o u n c i. o v e r s e a ss t u d y(MacroTrendsA n a l y s i s ) .R e t r i e v e dfromh t t p : / / e i . b r i t i s h lo r g/e d u c a t i o n i nt e l l i g e n c e/ b r o a d e n i n g‑ h o r i z o n s ‑ 2 01 4 ‑ e mb e d d i n g ‑ c o u n c i. c u l t u r e ‑ o v e r s e a s ‑ s t u d y B r i t i s hC o u n c i. l( 2 0 1 4 b ) .J a p a n :Debunkingt h e" i n w a r . 必l o o k i n gmyth( R e p o r t ) . R e t r i e v e dfromh t t p : / / w w w . b r i t i s h c o u n c i. lo r g / e d u c a t i o n / i h e / k n o w l e d g e ‑ ーl o o k i n g ‑ m y t h c e n t r e/s t u d e n t ‑ m o b i l i t y/ r e p o r t ‑ j a p a n ‑ d e b u n k i n g ‑ i n w a r d B r i t i s hC o u n c i. l( 2 0 1 5 ) .B r o a d e n i n gh o r i z o n s2 0 1 5 :Thev a l u e0 1t h eo v e r s e a s e x p e r i e n c e (MacroTrendsA n a l y s i s ) . R e t r i e v e dfromh t t p s : / / e . i b r i t i s h c o u n c i . lo r g / e d u c a t i o n i n t e1 l ig e n c e / b r o a d e n i n g ‑ h o r i z o n s ♂0 1 5・v a l u e ‑ o v e r s e a s ‑ e x p e n e n c e 1t h eCULCONE d u c a t i o nTaskF o r c e . R e t r i e v e d CULCON. ( 2 0 1 3 ) .R e p o r t0 . tgo.jp/a̲menu/kokusaijculcon/ー i c s F i l e s /a f i e l d from http://www.mex f i l e / 2 0 1 3 /0 6 / 1 3 / 1 3 3 6 3 2 7 ̲ 2 ̲ 3 . p d f .( 2 0 1 2，J u n e1 4 ) .J a p a n ' syoungshunt h ew o r l ds t a g e . TheJapan D u j a r r i c，R a r w o r l d . c o m T i m e s .R e t r i e v e dfromh t t p : / / w w w . r e a lcJe < I l Js c o r e sf o rnewr e c r u i t si n E d u c a t i o n a lT e s t i n gS e r v i c e( E T S ) .( 2 0 1 3 ) .TOEIC F Y 2 0 1 3 . TOEIC< I l JN e w s l e t t e r ，V o l . 1 1 8[ D i g e s tV e r s i o nJ .R e t r i 巴v edfrom h t t p : / /w w w . t o e i c . o r . j p / l i b r a r y/ t o e i c ̲dat a / t o e i c ̲ e n / p d f/ n e w s l e t t e r/ news l e t t e r d i g e st 11 8 . p d f I ! ls c o r e sf o rnewr e c r u i t s E d u c a t i o n a lT e s t i n gS e r v i c e( E T S ) .( 2 0 1 4 ) . TOEIO i nF Y 2 0 1 4 . TOEIC! f i JN e w s l e t t e r ，V o l . 1 2 2 . 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