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As you go about the affair of living, you put your life safe and luxurious with all the available resources .Now a days we all are entrenched with computers and almost all depended on them. Devices with intelligence rule the world. Imbibing intelligence to these devices is through a system called "EMBEDDED SYSTEM".
Procedia Engineering, 2012
In the recent years, intelligent vehicles became an important part of the service robotics. Besides routine tasks for the service robotics, such as localization and navigation, intelligent vehicle must solve many specific tasks. Although fully autonomous intelligent vehicle does not exist, there are many support systems nowadays for which vehicles are closer to the vision of self-piloted vehicle. This article presents state of art in this section of service robotics. The main body of the article introduces a definition of intelligent vehicle and automated functions used in such vehicles. Future challenges of the intelligent vehicles are also presented.
This paper proposes about an intelligent collision avoidance system, which avoids vehicle accidents and provides a greatest security to the user in adverse conditions. The vehicle state information is obtained using Ultrasonic sensor, which will continuously track for any obstacle from front and back side. If the obstacle is detected then microcontroller will continuously compare the distance given by Ultrasonic sensor. If the obstacle is closer to the car then the microcontroller will start applying the brake within the safe limit. The project has four phases. The first phase is the design of an electromechanical control system using Arduino as the heart of the system. The second phase is the selection of desired components. The third phase is enabling the system to control the brakes in ABS mode. The fourth phase is to construct the prototype circuit. The fifth and last phase is to program the microcontroller and run the system fuctionality simulation.
Driving is an intense and dynamic cooperation between human and vehicles. Drivers control the vehicle directly or supervise the situation according to information displayed on the instrument panel. Different from the timeheadway and traditional braking models, this paper aims to propose a new safety indicator called time gap interval for safe following distance (TGFD) which incorporates vehicle dynamics and driver behavior factors that includes the time component to broadcast and propagate suitable safety messages in vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) environment. This simulation-based safety indicator could analyze the capability of a vehicle in a car-following situation to safely stop without hitting the vehicle in front when an emergency brake is applied by considering the proper reaction time of the driver of the following. Results from this simulation study indicate that the TGFD is more comprehensive safety indicator for safety analysis.
Car safety systems are helping drivers to stay in their lanes, improving their night vision and are making driving decisions where millisecond response is needed. ABSTRACT | In this paper, we review technologies for autonomous ground vehicles and their present capabilities in research and in the automotive market. We outline technology requirements for enhanced functions and for infrastructure development. Since the recent Grand Challenge competition is a major force to advance technology in this field, we specifically refer to our experiences in developing a participating vehicle. We present a multisensor platform that has been proven in an off-road environment. It combines different sensing modalities that inherently yield uncertain information. Finite-state machines are formulated to generate rule-based autonomous behavior that enables fully autonomous off-road driving. Overall, the intent of the paper is to evaluate approaches and technologies used in the two Grand Challenges as they contribute to the needs of autonomous cars on the road.
An autonomous vehicle is capable of sensing its environment and navigating without human input. Imbibing intelligence to these devices is through a system called embedded systems. Embedded Systems are combinations of hardware and software that are mounted on compact electronic circuit boards integrated into devices. Autonomous vehicles sense their surroundings with such techniques as radar, GPS, and computer vision. These systems are more intelligent and autonomous. The challenge faced by this system is that; there are many possible ways for hacking the GPS. This system also contains alternate way for moving the car even if still the GPS is blocked. But the alternative ways are still focused on connection with the satellite. Now there needs to be a total security for preventing hackers from hacking the satellite. This is going to be done by encrypting the signal sent from car to the satellite. There are many ways of encrypting, among which we are going to use the concept of Secret key Encryption method. We use One-Time-Pad concept where the data is converted to cipher text and then it is going to be decrypted by the satellite. By this way, we could create a high level security where only that particular car and the satellite will have a common code and each time the car moves to a location, there is going to be a random key generated. The current topic which we had chosen is one of a major problem in autonomous cars, which needs to be focused on. Our objective is to bring a complete security for the car and its owner.
2013 IEEE 4th International Conference on Software Engineering and Service Science, 2013
Nowadays, robots are used to perform tasks that require great levels of precision or are simply repetitive. Mobile robots are able to move their position from one place to another in unstructured or structured environments to do their task with using sensor for their navigation. In this paper, we present some of current technology in mobile robots which can be implemented to intelligent vehicles based on their architecture that uses a sequence of three steps: Sense, Plan, and Act (SPA). For sensing, several sensors such as camera and proximity sensors are common modules for a mobile robot which can be also employed in an intelligent vehicle. Advanced technologies for planning in mobile robots can be employed to intelligent vehicles in order to organize and plan more intelligent behaviors. Furthermore trends in actuation of the mobile robot can be adapted to vehicles to achieve novel architecture in future cars.
Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2012
Advanced driving-assistance systems (ADAS) have recently received an increasing attention from the car industry. ADAS development represents a considerable effort to obtain efficient and reliable systems. Driving several million kilometers is necessary to validate a system. Thus, there are strong needs to ease the development and validation processes. In this context, computer simulation techniques are a candidate solution to this problem since running digital scenarios saves time, money and human resources. Up until now, several simulators have been developed. In the first part of this paper we present one of these simulators i.e. Pro-SiVIC TM , as a tool that is able to simulate and validate different sensors, control and path planning algorithms for ADAS. Pro-SiVIC TM connected with other tools is able to simulate/emulate vehicle components and road environment elements (e.g. perception sensors, wheel-road contacts, chassis characteristics, road side objects including their sensor responses, etc.). However, mainly in ADAS, sound assessment is a difficult task; therefore our paper approaches the related methodology in focusing the effort on defining the assessment criterion. Based on some ADAS developments, assessment examples are given.
2009 13th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications, 2009
With the emergence of pervasive computing technologies into vehicles, driving has moved from an active task of steering towards an interaction or adaptation task with respect to the driver-vehicle feedback loop. Up to now vehicular interfaces have mostly been evaluated from a single-driver singlecar viewpoint, however, driving is a more complex task involving -beside the local interaction -the interrelationship between all the cars in a certain community of interest.
Road traffic is known to have its own complex dynamics. One implication of complexity is that road traffic collisions have become an unwelcome but unavoidable part of human life. One of the major causes of collisions is the human factor. While car manufacturers have been focusing on developing feasible solutions for autonomous and semi-autonomous vehicles to replace or assist human drivers, the proposed solutions have been designed only for individual vehicles. The road traffic, however, is an interaction-oriented system including complex flows. Such a system requires a complex systems approach to solving this problem as it involves considering not only pedestrians, road environment, but also road traffic which can include multiple vehicles. Recent research has demonstrated that large-scale autonomous vehicular traffic can be better modeled using a collective approach as proposed in the form of vehicular cyber-physical systems (VCPS) such as given by Li et al. (IEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst 23(9):1775–1789, 2012) or Work et al. (Automotive cyber physical systems in the context of human mobility. In: National workshop on high-confidence automotive cyber-physical systems, Troy, MI, 2008). To the best of our knowledge, there is currently no comprehensive review of collision avoidance in the VCPS. In this paper, we present a comprehensive literature review of VCPS from the collision-avoidance perspective. The review includes a careful selection of articles from highly cited sources presented in the form of taxonomy. We also highlight open research problems in this domain.
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