Review Drone Technology 2

A REVIEW : DRONE TECHNOLOGY (Geospatial Survey) 𝑆𝑈𝑀𝐴𝑁𝑇 𝐾𝑈𝑀𝐴𝑅 𝑃𝐴𝑁𝐷𝐸𝑌 𝐼𝑁𝐷𝐸𝑃𝐸𝑁𝐷𝐸𝑁𝑇 𝑅𝐸𝑆𝐸𝐴𝑅𝐶𝐻𝐸𝑅 sumantkumarpandey918@gmail.com https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sumant-Kr-Pandey Sum K ma d (In e n t Re c e) ABSTRACT The term ‘drone’ relates to any unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) or a remotely piloted aircraft system (RPA). Drone, is an aircraft without any human pilot, crew, or passengers on board. UAVs are a component of an unmanned aircraft system (UAS), which includes adding a ground-based controller and a system of communications with the UAV. The flight of UAVs may operate under remote control by a human operator, as remotely-piloted aircraft (RPA), or with various degrees of autonomy, such as autopilot assistance, up to fully autonomous aircraft that have no provision for human intervention. Drones have a broad spectrum applications in medical sector, military purposes, geospatial survey, smart policing, and aerial photography. In modern times, drones can help in reaching out to the remote areas, and can provide their medical equipments or delivery of medicines. Moreover, Drones are used in aerial photography and geospatial survey of landform specially agricultural lands. Nowadays drones uses principles of AI and Machine Learning and helps in delivering lot of technological advancements. Drones are excellent for taking high-quality aerial photographs and video, and collecting vast amounts of imaging data. These high-resolution images can be used to create 3D maps and interactive 3D models, which have many beneficial uses.Drones now have many functions, ranging from monitoring climate change to carrying out search operations after natural disasters, photography, filming, and delivering goods. But their most well-known and controversial use is by the military for reconnaissance, surveillance and targeted attacks. Drone technology is always evolving, the future for drones is very exciting, they are already being used in a range of industries. Keywords : UAV, Geospatial Survey, Aerial Photography, Artificial Intelligence, Communications, Agricultural Survey, Monitoring and 3D Modelling, Delivering of Foods & Medicines, RPA, Natural Disasters. Sum K ma d (In e n t Re c e) METHODOLOGY The design of drone for a particular application comprises many factors like the aerodynamic shape of propellors, strength and weight of drone parts, electric motor, electric speed controller, radio transmitter or receiver, and software interface on mobile or computer for monitoring and data analysis The following are major parts of drone : Frame: It should have sufficient strength to hold the propeller momentum and additional weight for motors and cameras. Sturdy and less aerodynamic resistance. Propellers: The speed and load lifting ability of a drone depends on shape, size, and number of propellors. The long propellors create huge thrust to carry heavy loads at a low speed (RPM) and less sensitive to change the speed of rotation. Short propellors carry fewer loads. They change rotation speeds quickly and require a high speed for more thrust. Motor : Both motors brushless and brushed type can be used for drones Brushed motor is less expensive and useful for small-sized drones. Brushless type motors are powerful and energy very efficient. But they need Electronic Speed Controller (ESC) to control their speed. These brushless motors are widely used for racing freestyle drones, traffic survey and aerial photography drone. ESC (Electronic Speed Controller) : ESC is used to connect the battery to the electric motor for the power supply. It converts the signal from the flight controller to revolution per minted (RPM) of motor. ESC is provided to each y motor of the drone Flight Controller (FC) : It is the computer processor which manages balance and telecommunication controls using different transmitter Sensors are located in this unit for accelerometer, barometer, magnetometer, gyrometer and GPS. The distance measurement can be carried out by an ultrasound sensor Radio Transmitter sends the radio signal to ESC to pilot to control motor speed. Radio Receiver: Received the signal from the pilot. This device is attached to the quadcopter Battery: High-power capacity, Lithium Polymer (LiPo) are used for most drones., that supplies power to the drone for flight and take aerial photography. The Drones uses thrust action through the movement of its propellers to move upwards, it uses radio signals to communicate with the pilot. The aerodynamics and design of drones make it possible to fly in space. The propeller (Quadcopter) is also a main part of any drone. Its design vary as per the application and power of drones. Sum K ma d (In e n t Re c e) Working Principle of Drones : A drone is controlled by sending a radio signal from the remote control to the drone, which tells the drone what to do. Radio signals are sent from the radio transmitter in the drone controller and received by the drone's receiver. The working principle of drones is similar to the flying of aero-planes. The vertical lift force is created due to pressure difference across the rotating blades The drag and gravity forces act against its vertical motions. By controlling the speed and directions of different rotors we can control the motion of the drone or UAV. Drone consist of mechanical, electrical, and electronic components. Drones have many applications in defense and military purposes, space, surveillance, agriculture, and many more. Drones work on principles of aerodynamics, AI and mechanical action of motors & propellers. Drones use their rotors—which consist of a propeller attached to a motor—to hover, meaning the downward thrust of the drone is equal to the gravitational pull working against it; climb, when pilots increase the speed until the rotors produce an upward force greater than gravity; and descend, when pilots perform various actions in transmiter. Sum K ma d (In e n t Re c e) RESULTS Drones or UAE has a lot of application in space, defense, and military purposes, delivery of food items, and spraying of pesticides in farming. Future Prospects : Drone technology is always evolving, the future for drones is very exciting, they are already being used in a range of industries like construction, mining, and environmental monitoring and aerial surveying. The drone and its components industry can significantly strengthen India's manufacturing potential to US$ 23 billion approximately by 2030, according to the latest EY - FICCI report titled, “Making India the drone hub of the world” References :- 1)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120677 2)http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.34358.57920 3)http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.21720. 4) https://cfdflowengineering.com/working-principle-and-components-of-drone/ Sum K ma d (In e n t Re c e)