Intersexuality

In this study, I offer a novel examination of intersex individuals as a third ontological category in Shiʿi legal discourse. While scholars have confirmed that intersex individuals are sometimes perceived as a third legal or social category in certain Muslim contexts, there are hardly any studies demonstrating that scholars within the Muslim tradition recognise intersex individuals as an ontological third category of human beings. Drawing on the early twentieth-century scholar Sayyid Kāẓim al-Yazdī's account, I argue that Shiʿi jurists were not merely concerned with assigning a legal sex but sought to uncover the actual nature of intersex individuals. Their inquiries centred on whether they were male, female, or a distinct third category. I demonstrate that a notable group of jurists viewed intersex individuals as a separate ontological category beyond male and female. I then contrast the non-binary position with the binary approach observed in several legal cases, highlighting the legal rights and responsibilities assigned to intersex individuals.

Divendres, 15 de març de 2012, a les 19 h, a l'Institut d'Estudis Catalans, Inauguració del cicle intermitent "Ciència, Tecnologia i Medicina a la plaça Catalunya: Governabilitat, resistències i apoderament dels sabers científics" amb la Taula Rodona "El despatologizadora que lo despatologize...", sobre la (des)patologització de la transsexualitat i sobre la (des)normativització científica de cossos, pràctiques i desitjos, * * * Una ressenya de la sessió a: Macaya Andrés, Ana; ValentinesÁlvarez, Jaume; SastreJuan, Jaume (2016), "Elogi de la trans(in)disciplinarietat. Transsexualitat, ciència i història", Afers: Fulls de Recerca i Pensament, 31 (84), p. 505514.

Resumen: Los incipientes medios de comunicación de masas, nacidos a finales del siglo XIX, fueron uno de los principales instrumentos empleados por las metrópolis europeas para dar a conocer los territorios recién incorporados en África. España no fue una excepción y, especialmente a través del cine, fue conformando para el gran público una imagen de aquellos lejanos territorios y sus pobladores. Un buen ejemplo lo constituye la serie de Guinea Ecuatorial de Hermic Films (1944-1946), analizada en este artículo con el fin de reflexionar sobre la imagen que los medios de masas españoles dieron de las mujeres guineanas, en qué contextos las insertaron, qué modelos estéticos asentaron y cómo pudieron influir en la percepción que los españoles tuvieron sobre las desconocidas habitantes de las colonias africanas.

Resumen: Los incipientes medios de comunicación de masas, nacidos a finales del siglo XIX, fueron uno de los principales instrumentos empleados por las metrópolis europeas para dar a conocer los territorios recién incorporados en África. España no fue una excepción y, especialmente a través del cine, fue conformando para el gran público una imagen de aquellos lejanos territorios y sus pobladores. Un buen ejemplo lo constituye la serie de Guinea Ecuatorial de Hermic Films (1944-1946), analizada en este artículo con el fin de reflexionar sobre la imagen que los medios de masas españoles dieron de las mujeres guineanas, en qué contextos las insertaron, qué modelos estéticos asentaron y cómo pudieron influir en la percepción que los españoles tuvieron sobre las desconocidas habitantes de las colonias africanas.

Background.-People who are culturally Deaf and people who have an intersex condition often experience medicalization and pathologization by contemporary healthcare providers and systems. This medicalization persists throughout the life course and includes nonconsentual surgery and other potentially unnecessary medical treatment for both groups. Methodology.-This non-systematic review considers parallels in the medicalization experiences of people who are Deaf and people who are intersex. Discussion.-Deaf experiences are reported in the literature more than intersex experiences. The normalizing medical treatments that both groups receive are often done before the individual can consent to the procedure, and often have significant lifelong side-effects. Conclusion.-The experiences of people who are Deaf or intersex have much in common that can illuminate the other group.

There is a stark divergence between the secondary literature on khuntha and, with the Turkish Latinized spelling, hünsa-terms denoting intersexuality in Ottoman contexts. Our historiographic investigation has revealed that these two terms, though etymologically linked, lead to radically distinct worlds of archival sources and medico-legal traditions: khuntha conjures up sources on the Islamic jurisprudence and early Ottoman governance, whereas hünsa reflects the influence of Western medico-legal texts and brings into attention Reşad Ekrem Koçu's nostalgic queer archive pertaining to urban cultural life in Ottoman Istanbul. To respect these trajectories, this text preserves khuntha for discussions of 16th-century Ottoman medico-legal contexts and hünsa for 19th and early 20th-century frameworks. This polyphonic approach underscores the shifts in historical medical practice influenced by Islamic and occidental paradigms. Drawing on Annemarie Mol's concept of "ontological politics," we consider how medical practices do not merely describe but enact bodies through interactions that coordinate multiple realities. This approach reframes the history of Ottoman medicine as a dynamic interplay of epistemic, cultural, and embodied practices. Annemarie Mol's contribution to the philosophy of medicine challenges us to see how objects like sex and gender are not singular but are continuously reconstituted through varied practices. 1 For instance, khuntha in 16th-century jurisprudence was not merely a descriptive category but a legal and social enactment shaped by Islamic ethical frameworks and pragmatic governance. Similarly, hünsa in the 19th century became a site where Western medico-legal norms intersected with Ottoman traditions, producing new classifications and interventions that reflected shifting power dynamics. Aslı Zengin's theoretical framework in Violent Intimacies further enriches our understanding by illustrating how regulatory frameworks produce and constrain bodies, rendering them legible or illegible in specific contexts. 2 In this light, Reşad Ekrem Koçu's nostalgic and queer archival project becomes particularly valuable. His İstanbul Ansiklopedisi preserves narratives of gender variance that challenge the dominant medico-legal discourses of

Zimbabwe as a member of the United Nations (UN) ratified a number of human rights treaties and the establishment of the much awaited Zimbabwe Human Rights Commission (ZHRC) which was long overdue was a generally welcome development in the human rights arena. The ZHRC is a National Human Rights Institution (NHRI) established by the Constitution of Zimbabwe (No.20) Act 2013. The Constitution mandates ZHRC to promote, protect and enforce human rights and fundamental freedoms enshrined under the Bill of Rights. The operational legal framework of the ZHRC is provided for in the Zimbabwe Human Rights Commission Act [Chapter 10:30]. In collecting data questionnaires, interviews and documentary review were used. Against this backdrop, the paper mainly seeks to explore and analyse the challenges faced by the ZHRC in executing its mandate. Methodologically, the study relied extensively on available literature and reports. The study revealed that the ZHRC has been impeded by resource constraints, absence of legally binding laws, hostile political environment and lack of state compliance experiencing impediments which have affected its operation. The therefore study made some recommendations to help fortify and reinvigorate the ZHRC.

This production is a critical review of the documentary "Quem pode jogar?", which was released in 2020 and shown in the online edition of the "Festival Mix Brasil 2020". The production in question presents dialogues with trans and intersex athletes and makes their voices visible, reflecting the fears, desires and social barriers that these individuals face when they want to enter the sport. The aim of this review is to reflect on the characters' speeches, their journey, social prejudices and stigmas, and to lead the discussion about trans and intersex people as athletes.

Este trabajo presenta un análisis axiológico de contenido llevado a cabo con 22 materiales didácticos destinados a distintos cursos de educación infantil (3, 4 y 5 años) de España. Estos habían sido elaborados por las editoriales Algaida, Anaya, Vicens Vives y Edelvives. El propósito giraba en torno a conocer si desde este tipo de recursos educativos se transmite una concepción binarista de género o, si por el contrario, las personas y realidades no binarias estaban presentes en ellos. La metodología empleada se ha fundamentado en el análisis de documentos a través de la técnica de análisis crítico del discurso. Los resultados muestran que, a la vez que se visibiliza una concepción binarista de las posibilidades de género, las formas de vivir, sentir y transitar el género de manera no binaria son ocultadas en estos materiales. Se concluye que los materiales analizados perpetúan y refuerzan el sistema binario entre el alumnado y el profesorado, contribuyendo a que las escuelas se conformen como dispositivos que legitiman la discriminación de las realidades no binarias de género y limitan las posibilidades de género a las hegemónicas en el ámbito social y educativo

The notion of the "expert patient" has become quite prominent in recent years. In many countries, patients are invited to sit on various committees with biomedical specialists to share their expertise on diseases and health problems with various institutions. This situation stands in stark contrast with the medical paternalism that prevailed not so long ago. How did this come to pass? What is the nature of the patient expertise that is being solicited? How have health policies changed as a result? These are the questions that we examine in this article. In light of previous and recent fieldwork that we have done, and a selection of case studies reported in the literature, our objective is to revisit a constellation of notions such as "expert patient," "lay expert," "lay expertise," "experiential knowledge," and "expert of experience" that are not only analytical tools for STS scholars and social scientists, but also part and parcel of today's institutional parlance. This article is divided into four sections. In the first section, we focus on the production of experiential knowledge by patient associations. In the second section, we show how they also strive to transform the content of credentialed expertise in order to better align this expertise with their concerns. The third section illustrates "lay expertise in action" and addresses the following questions: What changes do patient associations bring to health policymaking? How do they achieve these changes? In the fourth and last section, we examine the institutionalization of the "expert patient," which manifests not only in legislation that mandates patient participation, but also in a variety of initiatives implemented by institutions to mobilize patient participation in medical research and health programs. In the conclusion, we suggest a few avenues for future research that may complement the corpus of knowledge on lay expertise on aspects that thus far remain less investigated. .

Si ringrazia la dott.ssa Deborah De Rosa per l'elaborazione del progetto grafico. This material originally appeared in English as American Psychological Association. (2015). Guidelines for psychological practice with transgender and gender nonconforming people. American Psychologist, 70(9), 832-864.

Intersex individuals are often told they are not human beings because they do not neatly fit into the categories of "female" and "male." Many are made to feel like monsters. Christianity enforces this model of sexual dimorphism with the notion that to be a human being means to be created clearly "female" or clearly "male" in the image of God. This paper draws on interviews with German intersex Christians to explore their diverse images of God and what it means to be created in God's image with the goal of creating new "conditions of possibility" that represent the full range of human sex/gender.

This study aims to explore the perception of Lahore-based female athletes about the representation of female athletes in sports media. Body image in every person's mind is different but because of the media people have a mindset that all we see in media is smart, thin, and curvy bodies. Female athlete's body image is not only looking thin, slim, or curvy but after doing the specific sport exercise the body starts looking masculine. Socio-cultural norms become a judgmental criterion about female bodies. Whereas media objectifies females that is if a person is slim, thin, or curvy that is a perfect body that is how a woman should look. For this, researchers conduct interviews of ten female athletes of national and international levels to know their perception of the representation of females on sports media. These ten females were chosen with convenient sampling and a semi-structured interview was conducted which was divided into four themes: The manly body of female athletes, representation of female athletes in media, Female athletes as ordinary women, and Long-term Effects on the body. The results reveal that media representation is biased and media objectifies women and focuses on their bodies as compared to their performance. In Pakistani it is s cultural issue for athlete female to look straight. The curviness or softness of the body is associated with femininity. Masculinity in the body of female athletes is considered as a body damage and it affects the career of female athletes.

Sobre el lucro en la educación se ha discutido en el ámbito académico2 y también en el político3; igualmente ha sido tema de debate si la educación debe ser gratuita, subvencionada o con financiamiento compartido y cuál es o debería ser el rol del Estado en la materia4. También se cuestiona el rol de los alcaldes como sostenedores de colegios municipalizados y cómo evitar el lucro en los sostenedores privados. En fin, la educación en Chile es un tema profundo, que claramente requiere una reforma

O objetivo deste artigo foi investigar as intersecções entre a agenda LGBTI+ e a bioética enquanto campo disciplinar. Esta pesquisa se baseou em análise qualitativa e revisão bibliográfica que englobam tópicos relacionados com bioética, estudos pós-coloniais, teoria queer, direitos humanos e relações internacionais. Por meio de reflexões sobre o contexto político e social que precedeu o surgimento da bioética, com enfoque na interpretação da sexualidade e na identidade de gênero durante os períodos coloniais e imperialistas, buscou-se compreender como as perspectivas históricas influenciaram a evolução da bioética. Além disso, pretendeu-se examinar a consolidação da bioética como um campo disciplinar e área de conhecimento científico, destacando a predominância do principialismo na segunda metade do século XX. Nesse sentido, analisou-se o potencial de uma abordagem feminista na bioética para enfrentar as desigualdades e opressões presentes em sua própria estrutura, com uma visão crítica e reflexiva. Por último, apresentou-se de que forma as contribuições epistemológicas da teoria queer podem subsidiar o desenvolvimento de uma bioética queer, a partir do Sul Global. Essas discussões visam ampliar a reflexão sobre as desigualdades e opressões enfrentadas pelas pessoas LGBTI+ enquanto grupo social no contexto da bioética.

O presente estudo tem como finalidade demonstrar a relação existente entre a decisão dos familiares envolvendo a cirurgia de redesignação sexual de crianças intersexo e os direitos fundamentais da população intersexo. Para isso, será realizada uma análise envolvendo o enfoque patológico despendido pela Medicina ao fenômeno da intersexualidade, com a abordagem da teoria da psiconeutralidade sexual e da Resolução 1.664/2003 do Conselho Federal de Medicina. Posteriormente, a intersexualidade será analisada como fenômeno capaz de afrontar o binarismo e a inteligibilidade de gênero, motivo pelo qual o poder biopolítico precisa ser exercido por meio da Medicina para adequar os corpos intersexo aos padrões binários.

No último capítulo, será demonstrado como a abordagem urgencial adotada pelo Conselho Federal de Medicina vulnerabiliza os familiares da criança e vicia seu consentimento. Além disso, a legitimidade dos familiares em fazer escolhas envolvendo o corpo e a sexualidade da criança será debatida, a fim de dar visibilidade aos direitos fundamentais da pessoa intersexo, como o direito à autodeterminação, à identidade e ao reconhecimento.

Diante de toda a exposição, pôde-se concluir que a decisão dos familiares envolvendo a cirurgia de redesignação sexual de recém-nascidos intersexo se relaciona diretamente aos direitos fundamentais da população intersexo, de modo a ser necessário o adiamento da deliberação até o momento em que o indivíduo seja capaz de discernir por si só sobre sua identidade sexual. Utilizaram-se como métodos de levantamento de dados a pesquisa indireta bibliográfica e documental. Para realizar a abordagem da pesquisa, utilizou-se o método dedutivo.

The field of psychoanalysis is at a crossroads with regard to our theoretical understanding of gender and sexuality. The notion that "anatomy is destiny" (Freud 1912, p. 189) has largely been debunked-or at least recontextualized-giving way to more nuanced theories of masculinity and femininity. For the past three decades, Michael Diamond has been at the forefront of this dialectic, writing prolifically about men, masculinity, and fatherhood. His new book, Masculinity and Its Discontents, offers an integrative developmental perspective on male gender identity through a critical examination of three historical waves of psychoanalytic gender theorizing. It is an ambitious project, one that partly eludes Diamond given the dynamic complexities of gender development and its various biological, familial, and cultural influences. Diamond's command of psychoanalytic theory is truly impressive, allowing him to provide a concise but highly comprehensive overview of how psychoanalytic thought has evolved to account for male psychic development. The first wave of gender theory is organized around Freud's oedipal complex and the idea that a boy forms his masculine identity by defensively identifying with his father in an attempt to ward off castration anxiety associated with incestuous wishes and related patricidal impulses. Diamond is rightfully critical of the second wave of gender theory, commonly associated with the work of Ralph Greenson (1968) and Robert Stoller (1968), who, in studying "transsexuals," argued that for a boy to establish a "normal," healthy sense of masculinity he must first disidentify from his mother in order to counteridentify with his father. Diamond explores the conceptual and empirical limitations of the "disidentification hypothesis" and persuasively refutes much of the evidence supporting Greenson's and Stoller's argument that boys are inherently "proto-feminine" and must renounce their feminine identifications with their mothers if they are to achieve a healthy sense of masculinity. Reviewing more contemporary infant observation research, Diamond advances an alternative explanation, arguing that gender identity

Negli ultimi anni, la disforia di genere (DG), precedentemente definita "transessualismo" o "disturbo dell'identità di genere", ha ricevuto una grande quantità di attenzioni, in tutte le forme di media, che hanno certamente contribuito a una maggiore visibilità e ad almeno una parziale "destigmatizzazione" delle persone interessate. Allo stesso tempo si è osservato un aumento nel territorio del numero di cliniche specializzate nell'identità di genere, un incremento degli invii al-le cliniche e un aumento in letteratura degli studi sull'identità di genere. Pur trattandosi di un fenomeno difficile da stimare numericamente, risulta evidente un progressivo incremento negli anni della prevalenza, come dimostrato dall'aumento del numero di transessuali, sia maschi che femmine, negli studi più recenti 1 . Tuttavia, trattandosi principalmente di dati su persone che giungono all'attenzione del clinico, non si è attualmente in grado di fornire un quadro generale della prevalenza del fenomeno nella popolazione generale, laddove i tassi attesi sono di certo molto più elevati. Lo stes-RIASSUNTO. Negli ultimi anni il transgenderismo ha ricevuto una quantità di attenzioni senza precedenti sia da parte dei media sia da parte della comunità scientifica. L'aumento degli invii alle cliniche specializzate in terapie volte ad affermare l'identità di genere delle persone transgender, l'aumento nel numero di queste cliniche sul territorio, l'aumentata consapevolezza da parte delle persone transgender delle diverse opzioni e procedure terapeutiche disponibili, la depatologizzazione da parte del mondo psichiatrico di tale identità di genere e la maggiore presenza di persone transgender nei media sono solo alcuni dei fattori che hanno contribuito a una accresciuta consapevolezza da parte della società di questa complessa realtà. In questo articolo, dopo aver fornito una definizione di alcuni concetti chiave per la comprensione della complessità del mondo transgender, verrà descritto il dibattito esistente nella comunità scientifica e nel mondo transgender stesso rispetto alla controversa diagnosi di disforia di genere. Verranno in seguito presentati i diversi possibili percorsi di transizione che nascono da questo dibattito e il conseguente allineamento con le diverse e contradditorie conclusioni che ne sono seguite. In particolare, verranno illustrati un possibile percorso di transizione basato sul modello medico-psichiatrico strettamente legato alla diagnosi di disforia di genere (il modello italiano) e un modello che si sta sviluppando in alcune parti degli Stati Uniti basato sul consenso informato e la non necessità della diagnosi di disforia di genere al fine di accedere al percorso di transizione. PAROLE CHIAVE: identità di genere, disforia di genere, transgender, percorsi di transizione. In recent years, the transgender community has received an unprecedented amount of attention from both the media and the scientific community. The increase in referrals to clinics specializing in therapies aimed at affirming transgender people's identity, the spread of these clinics around the world, the increased awareness by transgender people of the different therapeutic options and procedures available, the depathologization by the psychiatric world of this gender identity and the greater presence of transgender people in the media are just some factors that have contributed to an increased awareness of this complex reality. In this article, after providing a definition of some key concepts for understanding the complexity of the transgender world, the authors will describe the debate that exists in the scientific community and in the transgender world itself regarding the controversial diagnosis of gender dysphoria. Several possible transition paths that arise from this debate and consequent alignment with the different and contradictory conclusions that followed will be presented. In particular, a possible transition path will be presented based on the medical-psychiatric model closely related to the diagnosis of gender dysphoria (Italian model) and a model that is developing in some parts of the United States based on informed consent and the non-need for diagnosis of gender dysphoria in order to access the transition path.

In recent years, the transgender community has received an unprecedented amount of attention from both the media and the scientific community. The increase in referrals to clinics specializing in therapies aimed at affirming transgender people's identity, the spread of these clinics around the world, the increased awareness by transgender people of the different therapeutic options and procedures available, the depathologization by the psychiatric world of this gender identity and the greater presence of transgender people in the media are just some factors that have contributed to an increased awareness of this complex reality. In this article, after providing a definition of some key concepts for understanding the complexity of the transgender world, the authors will describe the debate that exists in the scientific community and in the transgender world itself regarding the controversial diagnosis of gender dysphoria. Several possible transition paths that arise from this deb...

The surgical reconfiguration of the genitalia is still a standard intervention in the management of human intersexuality. In this paper, we present a case study of an adolescent with hypospadias who had required multiple surgeries to illustrate the latest thinking of biomedical knowledge and intersex knowledge on genital surgeries. We noticed that cosmetic criteria will not be sufficient to justify surgical interventions for the management of intersexuality and its variants, which will allow for further questioning and discussion about the management and optimal treatment of medical conditions associated with human intersexuality beyond genital appearance. We conclude that a greater appreciation for the aesthetic of genital variations will, possibly, impose a new frontier to intersex surgeries.

I am José. I was born in Manaus, and because of a hospital infection, I acquired septic arthritis in my right knee, which left me with one leg 10cm shorter than the other. Growing up with my mother as the only provider, I faced multiple surgeries before I even turned 18. I decided to ‘quit’ my medical treatments and study social sciences in Manaus. This is how I ‘came out crip’. I chose to live with my disability and refused normalization. The study of social sciences led me on a journey to Europe that began in 2009 when I went to Porto, Portugal, as an Erasmus Mundus exchange student. I then took a Master’s program at Lund University in social studies of gender, and returned to sociology for my PhD. In 2022, I presented my thesis at Charles University in Prague. That year, I discovered that I had a classic Hodgkin’s lymphoma. I am still fighting cancer. In 2024, I published my first book. On the surface, it has nothing to do with my personal life. It’s not about crip theory or disability studies, but sports migration. It presents a multi-sited ethnography of Brazilian professional athletes who migrated to Central and Eastern Europe for better salaries and working conditions. As my fieldwork developed, I discovered that injuries and pain affect athletes’ decisions to engage in transnational migration. Brazilian football and futsal leagues do not respect FIFA’s calendar, and professional athletes there often complain about working conditions. In this personal account, athletes’ constant need for medical assistance throughout their careers inspired me to think about the usefulness of queer and crip theories to understand both my own trajectory and sports migrants’ lives more broadly.

In medical literature about management of Intersex, there has been considerable debate addressing ethical issues on medical practice -informed consent, parents' rights to make decisions about surgery on infants or whether children should be surgically altered to suit the binary gender norms of society-. Selecting the best management for the various intersex situations can be complex, and several proposals concerning ethical principles have emerged. During the annual meeting of the Spanish support group Grapsia, we coordinated a "Bioethics and Intersex/DSD" discussion group, with the aim to identify some key elements to enhance socio-health care for people with intersex variations and their families. On the one hand, it is necessary to consider the particularities of each context and the constraints imposed by the structure and organization of each country's health systems. On the other hand, it is crucial to include insights of patients taking part in support groups and their families.

Diagnóstico de las diferentes realidades, posicionamientos y demandas de la población intersexual o con DSD en Barcelona o, con ayuda tecnológica, pueden llegar a tener la regla y ser madres. El cuadro comparativo que ofrecemos a continuación nos permite evaluar el grado de vulnerabilidad y violencia al que potencialmente se encuentran expuestas estas mujeres según su condición: SIPA HSC Menstruación No No Sí A (trat. para suprimir secreción excesiva andrógenos) Fertilidad No No Sí A (glucocorticoides) Embarazo No No Sí A Genitales atípicos No Sí Sí/No (diferentes grados) Sí Sí/No (con trat.

a los cuerpos sexuados, los géneros y las sexualidades. Constituyen a su vez un espacio discursivo privilegiado desde donde recorrer algunas de las certezas que se han ido produciendo y reproduciendo desde los distintos campos de conocimiento y poder a lo largo de la historia de Occidente. El análisis de categorías médico-sociales como el "hermafroditismo", la "intersexualidad", o la más recientemente conocida como "DSD/ADS", nos descubre un panorama complejo y a la vez controvertido, pero con el potencial suficiente para indagar en el carácter performativo de las categorías sociales. Además, nos permite adentrarnos en un debate bioético más amplio sobre los límites de las prácticas médicas, las cuestiones relativas al control y la normalización de cuerpos, o sobre la incorporación de nuevas tecnologías en la conformación de cuerpos e identidades. PALABRAS CLAVE: Hermafroditismos; Intersexualidad; Disorders of Sex Development (DSD)/Anomalías de la diferenciación sexual (ADS); Diferenciación Sexual Atípica (DSA); Sexos/Géneros/Sexualidades.

Nos últimos 25 anos, temos acompanhado o aumento do interesse pelos homens e as masculinidades como objeto de investigação acadêmica, tanto no Brasil quanto internacionalmente, por parte das ciências humanas e sociais, sobretudo no campo de estudos de gênero (Nolasco, 1995; Arilha et al., 1998;. Como afirmaram Heilborn & Carrara (1998), no final do século passado, definitivamente, "os homens entraram em cena". Nesse sentido, o livro organizado pelas historiadoras Mary del Priore e Marcia Amantino é uma excelente contribuição para aqueles que se interessam pela "masculinidade dos homens" (Vale de . Nas palavras das organizadoras, tratar da história dos homens significa falar sobre um sujeito plural e não universalizado: [...] é de homens sexuados e não universais que vamos tratar. Homens cuja masculinidade, longe de ser natural, foi socialmente construída. Trata-se de uma história plural, na qual a masculinidade não é um dado "natural", mas uma variável edificada de acordo com as diferentes temporalidades,

Quizás para muchos de ustedes este análisis pueda sonar gracioso o fuera de sentido, pero déjenme que me explaye más a profundidad sobre estas ideas, y luego de ahí en más tome usted sus propias decisiones. A no ser que sea un maldito homofóbico, si ese es su caso, le pido amablemente que se retire. Muchas gracias.

Quizás para muchos de ustedes este análisis pueda sonar gracioso o fuera de sentido, pero déjenme que me explaye más a profundidad sobre estas ideas, y luego de ahí en más tome usted sus propias decisiones. A no ser que sea un maldito homofóbico, si ese es su caso, le pido amablemente que se retire. Muchas gracias.

Quizás para muchos de ustedes este análisis pueda sonar gracioso o fuera de sentido, pero déjenme que me explaye más a profundidad sobre estas ideas, y luego de ahí en más tome usted sus propias decisiones. A no ser que sea un maldito homofóbico, si ese es su caso, le pido amablemente que se retire. Muchas gracias.

Esta investigación se propone el objetivo de arrojar luz sobre la relación entre lectura, identidad de género e identidad sexual a través de la obra de J.R. Ackerley de 1968 Mi padre y yo. Partiendo de la premisa de que el ejercicio lector, igual que es la escritura, es un acto performativo, nos sumergimos en la (re) construcción de la identidad del biógrafo, el cual, a través de un valiente viaje de recuperación de la memoria de su padre, va configurando y comprendiendo el relato que dio forma a su vida.

Neste artigo serão abordadas as injustiças, apagamentos e bifobias recorrentes nas experiências de pessoas bissexuais e como afetam negativamente a saúde mental desta população. Em diálogo com a obra de Didier Fassin, apresentamos os conceitos de injustiça epistêmica de Miranda Fricker e contrato epistêmico de apagamento bissexual de Kenji Yoshino, que permitem notar que bissexuais não são considerados sujeitos legítimos para denunciar e relatar sofrimentos ou violências vividas. Em seguida, explicitamos a relação entre bifobia e a situação de saúde mental precária de pessoas bissexuais, combinando dados estatísticos e qualitativos. Voltamos nossa atenção, ainda, para o atendimento psicoterapêutico e a revitimização de pessoas bissexuais através de violências praticadas por profissionais sem o devido preparo. Por fim, apontamos alguns caminhos possíveis para um atendimento mais acolhedor à população bissexual.

In German family court rulings on questions of custody and/or visitation, the criterion of attachment tolerance is frequently referenced. This criterion must be evaluated alongside the other test criteria of parenting and support skills, the child's attachment to family members, the child's will, the principle of continuity, and the parents' ability and willingness to cooperate. The aforementioned criteria are assessed in the individuals to be evaluated, including parents, foster parents, and others. This article seeks to integrate the concept of attachment tolerance into an explanatory model and introduce the novel concept of attachment care.

The surgical reconfiguration of the genitalia is still a standard intervention in the management of human intersexuality. In this paper, we present a case study of an adolescent with hypospadias who had required multiple surgeries to illustrate the latest thinking of biomedical knowledge and intersex knowledge on genital surgeries. We noticed that cosmetic criteria will not be sufficient to justify surgical interventions for the management of intersexuality and its variants, which will allow for further questioning and discussion about the management and optimal treatment of medical conditions associated with human intersexuality beyond genital appearance. We conclude that a greater appreciation for the aesthetic of genital variations will, possibly, impose a new frontier to intersex surgeries.

Quelles sont les véritables origines de l’idéologie du genre que German Arce Ross appelle du terme de genrisme ? Qu’est-ce qui nous permet de situer le genrisme comme un mouvement totalitaire ? Comment expliquer la substitution identitaire du sexe par le genre et quelles sont ses conséquences psychiques et macropsychiques ?

Avec quels arguments Lacan s’opposa farouchement à la théorie du genre pendant les années 1970 ? Comment la psychanalyse d’aujourd’hui ne peut que rejeter frontalement le genrisme ? Pourquoi l’auteur peut établir un lien intrinsèque entre genrisme et jouissance transidentitaire ? Quelle évolution prévoir pour la nouvelle macropsychopathologie produite par le genrisme ?

Le présent volume correspond au Livre IV des Séries de German Arce Ross ainsi qu’à la suite logique du Livre III sur Jouissance identitaire dans la civilisation, paru en 2020. Ces deux ouvrages appartiennent à la série Troubles de civilisation.

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.

Voice virilization in women may occur due to increased levels of androgens. Women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) are at risk for voice virilization due to an enzyme deficiency that causes increased production of androgens and lack of cortisol. Female-to-male transsexual persons, trans men, are treated with testosterone, with virilization of the voice as a desired outcome. The overall aim of the project was to provide new knowledge on how female voice and vocal folds are affected by endogenous and exogenous androgen exposure, and the consequences virilization of the voice may have in a patient's life. Study I: Thirty-eight women with CAH and 24 age-matched controls participated. Their voices were recorded and acoustically and perceptually analyzed. They answered questions about subjective voice problems. Endocrine data were obtained from medical journals. The results showed that women with CAH spoke with significantly lower mean fundamental frequency (F0), had darker voice quality, and rated higher on the statement "my voice is a problem in my daily life" than the controls. Voice virilization was associated with late diagnosis or problems with glucocorticoid medication, but not with severity of mutation. Proper treatment with glucocorticoids is important to avoid long periods of increased androgen levels to prevent irreversible voice virilization. Study II: Forty-two women with CAH and 43 age-matched controls filled out the Voice Handicap Index (VHI) and answered questions about voice function related to virilization. Endocrine data were obtained from medical journals. Women with CAH scored significantly higher than the controls on VHI when the results were divided into groups by voice handicap: none/mild, moderate, and severe. A virilized voice in women with CAH correlated with less voice satisfaction. Seven percent of the women with CAH had voice problems related to voice virilization. Voice virilization was associated with long periods of under-treatment with glucocorticoids and higher bone mineral density, confirming results and conclusions from study I. It is recommended that women with CAH who experience voice problems are referred for voice assessment. Study III: Four women with CAH and virilized voices, and 5 female and 4 male controls participated. A procedure for magnetic resonance imaging of the vocal folds was developed. The results showed that the cross-sectional area of the thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle was larger in women with virilized voices than in female controls, and smaller than in males. The larger TA area correlated with lower F0 values obtained from acoustic analysis of habitual speech range profiles. Thus, the anatomical explanation for voice virilization may be a larger crosssectional area of the TA muscle, suggesting androgen receptors in the vocal folds. These findings need to be confirmed in a larger study. Study IV: Fifty trans men participated in a longitudinal study. Voice assessments, performed before testosterone treatment started and regularly up to 24 months, included audiorecordings of speech and voice range profiles and self-ratings of voice function. A significant lowering of mean F0 was found after 3 months, after 6 months, and up to 12 months, when group data were congruent with reference data for males. No correlations were found between levels of testosterone, EVF, Hb, SHBG or LH, and F0 values. Lower F0 values correlated with greater satisfaction with the voice. A quarter of the participants had received voice therapy for problems associated with virilization, such as vocal fatigue or unstable voice. Voice assessment during testosterone treatment is important to detect the potentially large subgroup of trans men that needs voice therapy. Röstvirilisering hos kvinnor kan förekomma på grund av ökade halter av androgener. Kvinnor med kongenital binjurehyperplasi (congenital adrenal hyperplasia, CAH) riskerar att få en viriliserad röst på grund av en enzymdefekt som medför ökad produktion av androgener och kortisolbrist. Transsexuella kvinnor-till-män, transmän, behandlas med testosteron med röstvirilisering som önskat resultat. Det övergripande syftet med projektet var att tillhandahålla ny kunskap om hur kvinnors röster och stämband påverkas av endogen och exogen exponering för androgener och vilka konsekvenser röstvirilisering kan ha i patienters liv. Studie I: Trettioåtta kvinnor med CAH och 24 åldersmatchade kontrollpersoner deltog. Deras röster spelades in och analyserades akustiskt och perceptuellt. De besvarade frågor om subjektiva röstproblem. Endokrinologiska data inhämtades från journaler. Resultaten visade att kvinnor med CAH talade med signifikant lägre grundtonsfrekvens (MF0), hade mörkare röstkvalitet och skattade högre värden på påståendet "min röst utgör ett problem i mitt dagliga liv" jämfört med kontrollpersoner. Röstviriliseringen var associerad med sen diagnosticering eller problem med kortisonmedicinering, och inte med svårighetsgraden av CAH. En korrekt medicinering med kortison är avgörande för att undvika långa perioder av ökade halter av androgener med risk för irreversibel röstvirilisering. Studie II: Fyrtiotvå kvinnor med CAH och 43 åldersmatchade kontrollpersoner besvarade Rösthandikappindex (RHI) och frågor gällande röstfunktionen relaterade till röstvirilisering. Endokrinologiska data inhämtades från journaler. Kvinnor med CAH skattade signifikant högre värden på RHI när resultaten delades in i grupper: ingen/mild, måttlig och hög grad av rösthandikapp. En viriliserad röst hos kvinnor med CAH korrelerade med att de var mindre nöjda med sina röster. Sju procent av kvinnorna med CAH hade röstproblem relaterade till röstvirilisering. Röstvirilisering var associerad med långa perioder av underbehandling med kortison och högre benmineraldensitet, vilket bekräftade resultat och slutsatser från delstudie I. Kvinnor med CAH som har röstproblem bör remitteras för röstbedömning. Studie III: Fyra kvinnor med CAH och med viriliserade röster, 5 kvinnliga och 4 manliga kontrollpersoner deltog. En procedur för inspelning och analys med magnetisk resonanstomografi utvecklades för stämbandsmätningar. Resultaten visade att tvärsnittsarean av thyro-arytenoidmuskeln (TA) var större hos kvinnor med CAH jämfört med de kvinnliga kontrollpersonerna, och mindre jämfört med de manliga. En större TA-area korrelerade med lägre F0-värden från akustisk analys av talfonetogram. Den anatomiska förklaringen till en viriliserad röst kan därför vara en större tvärsnittsarea av TA-muskeln, vilket tyder på att androgenreceptorer finns i stämbanden. Resultaten behöver bekräftas av större studier. Studie IV: Femtio transmän deltog i en longitudinell studie. Röstbedömningar, innan testosteronbehandling inleddes och regelbundet upp till 24 månader, omfattade röstinspelningar av tal-och maxfonetogram samt egenskattningar av röstfunktionen. En signifikant sänkning av MF0 skedde efter 3 månader, efter 6 månader och efter 12 månader, då gruppdata var i nivå med referensvärden för manliga talare. Ingen korrelation kunde påvisas mellan nivåerna av testosteron, EVF, Hb, SHBG eller LH och F0-värden. Lägre F0värden korrelerade med att deltagaren var mer nöjd med rösten. En fjärdedel av deltagarna hade fått röstbehandling för röstproblem relaterade till viriliseringen, såsom rösttrötthet och instabilitet. Därför är röstbedömning under testosteronbehandling viktig för att upptäcka den relativt stora grupp transmän som behöver röstbehandling.

En este ensayo se discute la noción de deporte entendida como una institución de la modernidad y como una institución de género, lo que la convierte en una institución clave en la subjetivación o producción de masculinidades, es decir, de sujetos masculinizados. Debido a lo anterior, el deporte contribuye a la instalación de imaginarios sobre la superioridad física masculina. Esto se da por medio de la naturalización de la diferencia sexual, la cual se problematiza con los casos de algunas atletas trans, pues más que un dato duro, el sexo debe comprenderse como una elaboración definida por complejos criterios siempre a discusión. Palabras clave: institución moderna, institución de género, diferencia sexual, masculinidades, atletas trans.

The distinction between "medicalised female genital mutilation (FGM)" as defined by the World Health Organisation (WHO) and "female genital cosmetic surgery" (FGCS) is unclear, particularly given the lack of an age distinction or consent criterion in the WHO definition. In practice, the former term is applied exclusively to practices performed primarily by people of colour in the Global South, while excluding anatomically comparable practices in Global North countries, raising concerns about discrimination and double standards. We propose a clear ethical standard that does not discriminate based on cultural origin, sex, or gender. We define "unethical genital modification" as "all procedures that involve partial or total removal of a person's genitalia, or other injury to a person's genital organs, that are medically unnecessary and done without the informed consent of the affected individual." The terms medically unnecessary and informed consent are defined in the article.

The language is free and, for it's manifestation, it's necessary to know the whole idiom. It's imperious to know trat all the changes of a specific language, are due to their users, their real authors. The scientific language, because of it's extreme rigidity, should have an accurate grammar construction, with a clear organization. In this paper, we describe some terms, posted in medical articles, that are controversial, even in this medical environment.

DieserText basiert aufeinem Beitrag und dessen Diskussion aufder g.Jahrestagung der Osterreichischen Gesellschaft fiir Geschlechterforschung (OGGF) im September/Ol<tober zozz in Salz- burg. Dank an die Diskussionsteilnehmer:innen sowie Tyan Fritschy und Zoe* Steinsberger ftir wertvolle Denkanstci(e. Vgl. Katy Steinmetz,,The Tiansgender Tipping Point. America's next civil rights frontiern, in: Tlnre,z|.Maizor4, (rz'rz'zo4)' Ich verwende die Schreibweise >uans< als inklusiven Uberbegriffoder als Prdfix, um unterschied- liche Erfahrungen und Verkcirperungen zu umfassen' Vgl' Susan Stryker/Paisley CurraVlisa Jean Moore, rlntroduction:Tians-,Tians, orTiansgender?', in Women\ Studies Quarterly,36'18', 3-4/zoo8,S. n-zz,hrtps://www.jstor.orglstable/2764g78t (rz.rz'zo4)' Luf Deutsch findet sich der -Begriffin diesem Sinne entweder als trans oder trans*, Parallel zu trans verwende ich auch die in dertschsprachigenTians* und Inter* Studien etablierten Begriffe 'transgesctrlechdich' bsziehungsweise ,inier*, und ,intergeschlechtlich,' Vgl. Esto Mader et al. (Hg'),Trans* und Inter* Studien' Aktuelle Forscbungsbeitn)ge aus dem deutscbErachigen Raeraz, Miinster: Westfilisches Dampfboot zozr und Christel Baltes-LOhr/Ren6-Rain Hornstein (Hg), trans*, interr und nicht-bindre Gescblecht- I i c h ke it e n, Bielef eld : transcript zoz4. Vgl. Anson Koch-Rein/Elahe Haschemi Yekani{asperJ. Verlinden, "Representing Tians: Visibiiity and its Discontents u,in; EuropeanJoumat of Engtisb Studies,z4'Jg',tlzozo,S' nz,https:// doi.orglro.ro8o/q8z5577.zozo.t73oo4o (rz.rz.zoz3). ZuTians Cinema andMedia Studies siehe das von C7e1 M. Keegan und Laura Horak editierte Dossier 'In Focus'tansing Cinema and Media z J iiber haben u'ir e: :rit einer vergleichsweisen Unsichtbarkeit von genderqueere:----.: intergeschlechtlichen Charakteren, oder aber auch nicht-biniren Charakteren z'-:--,Nicht-bindr. r.envende ich im vorliegenden Text als Uberbegriff ftr Geschleci-.-r::. - keiten, die nicht oder nicht vollstdndig von den Begriffen ,weiblich. oder 'man-:---:- reprisentiert werden, und fiir Personen bzw. Charaktere, die sich nicht oder nich; -" : -- stindig als Frau oder Mann und als nicht-binir identifizieren bzw. von der med''.-Vermittlung als solche identifiziert werden.l Vor dem queertheoretischen Be:----- dass Begriffe und Vorstellungen von Geschlecht kontinuierlich in Bewegung sini ':.i1: sich historisch und lokal spezifische Begrifre nicht einfach auf andere Kontexte '---":- tragen lassen, interessiert mich in diesem Text konlret der reprisentationspolit:.::'. Hintergrund der expliziten Benennung von Nicht-Binaritatin zwei aktuellen Se::. - produktionen. Nach den theoretischen Uberlegungen zu diesem reprisentations: -tischen Kontext analysiere ich zwei Beispiele, einerseits die Figur Charlie, darqe.:.-' von Lea Drinda in der 2022 vom ZDF produzierten Miniserie Becoming Charlii ?- Greta Benkelmann/Kerstin Polte, DE 2022) und andererseits die Figur Cal, da:r.- stellt von Dua Saleh in der dritten Staffel der vom Video-on-Demand-Anbieter \::flix vertriebenen Produktion Ser Education (C.: Laurie Nunn, UK 2079-2023': '' : 2027.5 lch gehe zunichst auf den Kontext ein, in dem sich der Begriff 'nicht-b::in den letztenJahren verbreitet hat und setze nicht-binire und trans Geschlechtl:::-- keiten zueinander in Bez'tg.Ich widme mich in diesem Beitrag medial produzie-"-- Bildern nicht-binirer Verkorperungen, womit ich die Art und Weise meine, in J= Korper, auch medial, mobilisiert werden, um nicht-binire Charaktere zu insze::=- ren. Dabei gehe ich von der These aus, dass sich Darstellungen von Nicht-Bina:::.: auf Tiopen und mediale bzw. filmische Konventionen stiitzen, die sich in Bezus .-' Tiansgeschlechtlichkeit entwickelt haben. Mit Uberlegungen zum Sichtbarkeitsp-.- dox und zu Transnormatiitdt in filmischen Darstellungen erleutere ich daher e:-- gangs zwei zentraleAspekte medialer Darstellungen vonTiansgeschlechtlichkeit. D-. Analyse der beiden Beispiele basiert auf dem methodischenZugangder SomatecL:--r- den ich aus einem zentralen Text der Tians Cinema and Media Studies ableite.' Stndiesu, in:/CMS.Journal of Cinema and Media Studies,fi.Jg.,z/zozz,S. r64-ztz,: umich.edVj/jcms/images/6r.2-in{ocus.pdf Qz n.zo4). Genders, S. 3r1r, (rz.rz.zoz3), hier S. 32. Es gibt auch deo Zngang, ,nicht-bindr, vordergriindig als politische Perspekive oder Haltung zu verstehen. Vgl. Kadji Amin, "We Are All Nonbinary",in: Re1resentations,Nr. r58, Spring zozz,S. ro6-t9,https:// doi.org/ rc.1525/ rep.zozz.r58.rr.ro6 (tz.rz.zo4),tier S. rr5.