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Table 10. Statistics for villages located downstream of the dam site of the Sesan 2 dam along the Sesan and Sekong Rivers in Cambodia Considering the serious downstream impacts that were caused by the Yali Falls dam, it can also be expected that many other villages situated along the Mekong River would be negatively impacted by water releases associated with the construction and operation of the Sesan 2 dam. Communities located both upstream and downstream of the Sekong River’s confluence with the Mekong River would be negatively impacted. So far there have been no surveys of these villages in relation to the Sesan 2 dam (KCC 2008a), even though hundreds or even thousands of villages could be negatively impacted.

Table 10 Statistics for villages located downstream of the dam site of the Sesan 2 dam along the Sesan and Sekong Rivers in Cambodia Considering the serious downstream impacts that were caused by the Yali Falls dam, it can also be expected that many other villages situated along the Mekong River would be negatively impacted by water releases associated with the construction and operation of the Sesan 2 dam. Communities located both upstream and downstream of the Sekong River’s confluence with the Mekong River would be negatively impacted. So far there have been no surveys of these villages in relation to the Sesan 2 dam (KCC 2008a), even though hundreds or even thousands of villages could be negatively impacted.

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An Alliance of Civil Society Organizations Working to Protect and Restore River Ecosystems and River-based Livelihoods in Cambodia Rivers Coalition in Cambodia
An Alliance of Civil Society Organizations Working to Protect and Restore River Ecosystems and River-based Livelihoods in Cambodia Rivers Coalition in Cambodia
Figure 1 Location of Lower Sesan 2 dam in the Mekong River Basin b). Vietnam News Agency (VNA) (2007) reported that EVN’s Deputy General Director Lam Du Son and Cambodian State Secretary in charge of MIME, H.E. Khlaut Randy, had inked the agreement, which also covered plans to conduct a feasibility study on another dam on the Sesan River with the capacity of 90 MW.°
Figure 1 Location of Lower Sesan 2 dam in the Mekong River Basin b). Vietnam News Agency (VNA) (2007) reported that EVN’s Deputy General Director Lam Du Son and Cambodian State Secretary in charge of MIME, H.E. Khlaut Randy, had inked the agreement, which also covered plans to conduct a feasibility study on another dam on the Sesan River with the capacity of 90 MW.°
Figure 2 Map of Surveyed Villages Enlargement Next, all available literature related to the Sesan 2 dam, and more particularly, large dams and social and environmental “best practices’ was gathered. Previous involvement in various wctivities and projects in the Sesan River Basin over the years helped make this job relatively >aSy.
Figure 2 Map of Surveyed Villages Enlargement Next, all available literature related to the Sesan 2 dam, and more particularly, large dams and social and environmental “best practices’ was gathered. Previous involvement in various wctivities and projects in the Sesan River Basin over the years helped make this job relatively >aSy.
Table 1. Schedule of study fieldwork visits Once the report was finalised, it was translated into Khmer. Khmer versions are being sent to all the villages that participated in the study, as well as other communities in the project area, and to relevant government agencies and civil society organisations.
Table 1. Schedule of study fieldwork visits Once the report was finalised, it was translated into Khmer. Khmer versions are being sent to all the villages that participated in the study, as well as other communities in the project area, and to relevant government agencies and civil society organisations.
Photo 3 Data validation workshop organised in Stung Treng Town, Stung Treng Province
Photo 3 Data validation workshop organised in Stung Treng Town, Stung Treng Province
Photo | Data validation workshop organised in Ban Lung Town, Ratanakiri Province
Photo | Data validation workshop organised in Ban Lung Town, Ratanakiri Province
Photo 2 Data validation workshop organised i Stung Treng Town, Stung Treng Province
Photo 2 Data validation workshop organised i Stung Treng Town, Stung Treng Province
There are a number of problems and uncertainties associated with the house replacement and compensation measures being proposed in relation the Sesan 2 dam, many of which are described in detail in the villager meeting section below. In summary, while villagers’ houses were measured, no data were collected regarding the types of wood used to build the houses, even though villagers generally use high quality wood to build their houses. Villagers are concerned that houses made of good quality wood would be replaced with houses made of low quality wood, thus leading to considerable losses for villagers. Essentially, the categories used for houses are too simplistic, a problem that also occurred in relation to compensation determination for house loss in relation to the ADB-funded National Highway 1 expansion project in south-central Cambodia.” Second, there are general problems related to the compensation rates proposed for house compensation, as the rates proposed are believed to be generally too low to fund actual ‘replacement’ costs. Again, this problem has been evident with the National Highway 1 expansion project.” There are also concerns about the sizes of the houses that would be built, as many people have houses that are larger than the ones that would be built to replace them. Villagers living in the proposed Sesan 2 dam reservoir area are concerned about the proposed compensation package related to house replacement and compensation. So far, as outlined in the village meeting section below, village houses in the expected inundation area have been measured and documented by PECC1 (2008a). It is expected that present village houses would not be moved to the new resettlement sites, and that new houses would instead be constructed ft relocated people. These new houses are expected to be raised on stilts, as is customary for local people in the area, be mainly built with wood, and have cement main posts and corrugated iron roofs. The floor space for each would vary according to the family size (see Table 2). Each resettlement house would also get a small bathroom and toilet (PECC1 2008b).
There are a number of problems and uncertainties associated with the house replacement and compensation measures being proposed in relation the Sesan 2 dam, many of which are described in detail in the villager meeting section below. In summary, while villagers’ houses were measured, no data were collected regarding the types of wood used to build the houses, even though villagers generally use high quality wood to build their houses. Villagers are concerned that houses made of good quality wood would be replaced with houses made of low quality wood, thus leading to considerable losses for villagers. Essentially, the categories used for houses are too simplistic, a problem that also occurred in relation to compensation determination for house loss in relation to the ADB-funded National Highway 1 expansion project in south-central Cambodia.” Second, there are general problems related to the compensation rates proposed for house compensation, as the rates proposed are believed to be generally too low to fund actual ‘replacement’ costs. Again, this problem has been evident with the National Highway 1 expansion project.” There are also concerns about the sizes of the houses that would be built, as many people have houses that are larger than the ones that would be built to replace them. Villagers living in the proposed Sesan 2 dam reservoir area are concerned about the proposed compensation package related to house replacement and compensation. So far, as outlined in the village meeting section below, village houses in the expected inundation area have been measured and documented by PECC1 (2008a). It is expected that present village houses would not be moved to the new resettlement sites, and that new houses would instead be constructed ft relocated people. These new houses are expected to be raised on stilts, as is customary for local people in the area, be mainly built with wood, and have cement main posts and corrugated iron roofs. The floor space for each would vary according to the family size (see Table 2). Each resettlement house would also get a small bathroom and toilet (PECC1 2008b).
Table 8. Villages in the Sesan River Basin in Cambodia, not adjacent to the Sesan River, but in range of migratory fish from the Lower Sesan, Sekong and Mekong Rivers*® ~ It should be noted that this is just a rough list of villages. A detailed assessment of the villages is required.
Table 8. Villages in the Sesan River Basin in Cambodia, not adjacent to the Sesan River, but in range of migratory fish from the Lower Sesan, Sekong and Mekong Rivers*® ~ It should be noted that this is just a rough list of villages. A detailed assessment of the villages is required.
In addition, and like the Srepok River, it would be necessary to learn more about people who do not live adjacent to the Sesan River or its tributaries, but whom occasionally to frequently travel there to go fishing, as this group of people would lose fisheries resources, and would thus also be negatively impacted by the Sesan 2 dam. They should be compensated for the impacts of the Sesan 2 dam on their livelihoods.
In addition, and like the Srepok River, it would be necessary to learn more about people who do not live adjacent to the Sesan River or its tributaries, but whom occasionally to frequently travel there to go fishing, as this group of people would lose fisheries resources, and would thus also be negatively impacted by the Sesan 2 dam. They should be compensated for the impacts of the Sesan 2 dam on their livelihoods.
Photo 6 Eld’s Deer in the wild in project area. Photo Courtesy of WWF Photo 4 Dhole and pups in the wild in project area. Photo Courtesy of WWF
Photo 6 Eld’s Deer in the wild in project area. Photo Courtesy of WWF Photo 4 Dhole and pups in the wild in project area. Photo Courtesy of WWF
or otherwise disturbed by the settlement of people moved from the dam’s reservoir area. Red- headed (Sarcogyps calvus), white-rumped (Gyps bengalensis) and slender-billed (Gyps tenuirostris) vultures are all considered to be critically endangered species, and the populations of these species have declined rapidly throughout much of their range since the early 1990s (Pech & Rainey 2008). In 2006 seven active slender-billed vulture nests were found near Srae Sranok Village, the first nests of the species ever found in Cambodia (WWF Cambodia 2006). Then, in January 2007, another slender-billed vulture nest was found in the same area, as well as nest of a red-headed vulture (Song 2007). This important wildlife habitat would all be endangered by the Sesan 2 dam, either through direct inundation or from in-migration of people from the inundation area. Eld’s deer is one of the rarest mammals in mainland Southeast Asia, and they are only known from a few locations in the region. Photo 5 Douc Langur in the wild in project area. Photo Courtesy of WWF
or otherwise disturbed by the settlement of people moved from the dam’s reservoir area. Red- headed (Sarcogyps calvus), white-rumped (Gyps bengalensis) and slender-billed (Gyps tenuirostris) vultures are all considered to be critically endangered species, and the populations of these species have declined rapidly throughout much of their range since the early 1990s (Pech & Rainey 2008). In 2006 seven active slender-billed vulture nests were found near Srae Sranok Village, the first nests of the species ever found in Cambodia (WWF Cambodia 2006). Then, in January 2007, another slender-billed vulture nest was found in the same area, as well as nest of a red-headed vulture (Song 2007). This important wildlife habitat would all be endangered by the Sesan 2 dam, either through direct inundation or from in-migration of people from the inundation area. Eld’s deer is one of the rarest mammals in mainland Southeast Asia, and they are only known from a few locations in the region. Photo 5 Douc Langur in the wild in project area. Photo Courtesy of WWF
Table 12. Household and population statistics for villages visited’
Table 12. Household and population statistics for villages visited’
4.1.1) Ta Bouk® Village, Ta Veaeng District, Ratanakiri Province So far, those involved in the Sesan 2 dam feasibility study, and associated social and environmental assessments, have apparently not visited Ta Bouk Village, or, to the knowledge of local people, any other villages in Ta Veaeng Leu Commune. Prior to the visit to their village for this study, local people knew very little about the Sesan 2 dam, or its expected impacts.
4.1.1) Ta Bouk® Village, Ta Veaeng District, Ratanakiri Province So far, those involved in the Sesan 2 dam feasibility study, and associated social and environmental assessments, have apparently not visited Ta Bouk Village, or, to the knowledge of local people, any other villages in Ta Veaeng Leu Commune. Prior to the visit to their village for this study, local people knew very little about the Sesan 2 dam, or its expected impacts.
Photo 7 Village headman stands and speaks during village meeting about the Lower Sesan 2 dam in Ta Bouk Village, Ta Veaeng Leu Commune, Ta Veaeng District, Ratanakiri Province. Photo 8 Sesan 2 dam in Ta Bouk Village, Ta Veaeng Leu Commune, Ta Veaeng District, Ratanakiri Province.
Photo 7 Village headman stands and speaks during village meeting about the Lower Sesan 2 dam in Ta Bouk Village, Ta Veaeng Leu Commune, Ta Veaeng District, Ratanakiri Province. Photo 8 Sesan 2 dam in Ta Bouk Village, Ta Veaeng Leu Commune, Ta Veaeng District, Ratanakiri Province.
Photo 9 Villagers from Sieng Say Village, Ta Veaeng Kraom Commune, Ta Veaeng District, Ratanakiri Province examine a map showing the expected reservoir area of the Lower Sesan 2 dam during a village meeting 4.1.2) Sieng Say Village, Ta Veaeng District, Ratanakiri Province The people of Ta Bouk Village are also concerned and unhappy about the mining surveys that one or more companies have been conducting on their lands north of the Sesan River in recent months. These surveyors have so far failed to inform local communities about their activities, let alone consult with locals. Villagers are unclear as to what the companies are doing on their land, but they do believe that they have been taking soil and rock samples. They are not sure what minerals are being investigated, or what form future mines might take. They are afraid of losing land and resources to these mines. They feel like their resources are being stolen from them. They have expressed their concerns to commune and district government officials and organisations working in the area, but so far they have not received satisfactory responses.
Photo 9 Villagers from Sieng Say Village, Ta Veaeng Kraom Commune, Ta Veaeng District, Ratanakiri Province examine a map showing the expected reservoir area of the Lower Sesan 2 dam during a village meeting 4.1.2) Sieng Say Village, Ta Veaeng District, Ratanakiri Province The people of Ta Bouk Village are also concerned and unhappy about the mining surveys that one or more companies have been conducting on their lands north of the Sesan River in recent months. These surveyors have so far failed to inform local communities about their activities, let alone consult with locals. Villagers are unclear as to what the companies are doing on their land, but they do believe that they have been taking soil and rock samples. They are not sure what minerals are being investigated, or what form future mines might take. They are afraid of losing land and resources to these mines. They feel like their resources are being stolen from them. They have expressed their concerns to commune and district government officials and organisations working in the area, but so far they have not received satisfactory responses.
Photo 11 Villagers in Veun Hay Village, Hat Pak Commune, Veun Sai District, Ratanakiri Province raise their hands to indicate their opposition to the construction of the Lower Sesan 2 dam. Nam. One elder asked, “What would happen if our rice fields are flooded due to water coming up from the dam [reservoir] and water released from the dams upriver?” The villagers said that they wanted the dam company to visit their village to record all the things that might be lost due to flooding, including measuring the sizes of their houses, agricultural fields, fruit trees, gill nets, boats, vegetable gardens, etc. They said that if there is any flooding in their village resulting from the dam, they should be fully compensated for all losses by the dam company. It is unclear whether village flooding could result from the Sesan 2 dam, combined with impacts from upstream dams. The EMP does not mention this issue (KCC 2008a).
Photo 11 Villagers in Veun Hay Village, Hat Pak Commune, Veun Sai District, Ratanakiri Province raise their hands to indicate their opposition to the construction of the Lower Sesan 2 dam. Nam. One elder asked, “What would happen if our rice fields are flooded due to water coming up from the dam [reservoir] and water released from the dams upriver?” The villagers said that they wanted the dam company to visit their village to record all the things that might be lost due to flooding, including measuring the sizes of their houses, agricultural fields, fruit trees, gill nets, boats, vegetable gardens, etc. They said that if there is any flooding in their village resulting from the dam, they should be fully compensated for all losses by the dam company. It is unclear whether village flooding could result from the Sesan 2 dam, combined with impacts from upstream dams. The EMP does not mention this issue (KCC 2008a).
Photo 12 Villagers in Phum Thmei Village, Chey Otdam Commune, Lumphat District, Ratanakiri Province raise their hands to indicate their opposition to the construction of the Lower Sesan 2 dam. 4.1.4) Phum Thmei (Ban Mai) Village, Lumphat District, Ratanakiri Province
Photo 12 Villagers in Phum Thmei Village, Chey Otdam Commune, Lumphat District, Ratanakiri Province raise their hands to indicate their opposition to the construction of the Lower Sesan 2 dam. 4.1.4) Phum Thmei (Ban Mai) Village, Lumphat District, Ratanakiri Province
Photo 13 Villagers in Kbal Romeas Village, Kbal Romeas Commune, Sesan District, Stung Treng Province raise their hand. to indicate their opposition to the construction of the Lower Sesan 2 dam. dam. A prominent village elder claimed, “I want to meet Hun Sen to tell him what we think « to ask him not to approve the [Sesan 2] dam.” Another villager said that any amount of compensation for losses would not be sufficient, not even US$100 million.
Photo 13 Villagers in Kbal Romeas Village, Kbal Romeas Commune, Sesan District, Stung Treng Province raise their hand. to indicate their opposition to the construction of the Lower Sesan 2 dam. dam. A prominent village elder claimed, “I want to meet Hun Sen to tell him what we think « to ask him not to approve the [Sesan 2] dam.” Another villager said that any amount of compensation for losses would not be sufficient, not even US$100 million.
Photo 14 Land taken from villagers from Kbal Romeas Village in order for a company to develop a commercial rubber plantation. At present, most people in Kbal Romeas cultivate lowland wet rice. Some also rely partially or totally on swidden cultivation for subsistence. Many families rely on both lowland wet rice and swidden cultivation. Another serious problem with the compensation plan prepared by PECC1 is related to the concept of land replacement and compensation proposed by the dam builders. People are expected to either accept cash compensation for lost lowland wet rice paddy or active garden land, or replacement land for lost agricultural land. There do not appear to be any options for receiving both compensation and the provision of new agriculture land.
Photo 14 Land taken from villagers from Kbal Romeas Village in order for a company to develop a commercial rubber plantation. At present, most people in Kbal Romeas cultivate lowland wet rice. Some also rely partially or totally on swidden cultivation for subsistence. Many families rely on both lowland wet rice and swidden cultivation. Another serious problem with the compensation plan prepared by PECC1 is related to the concept of land replacement and compensation proposed by the dam builders. People are expected to either accept cash compensation for lost lowland wet rice paddy or active garden land, or replacement land for lost agricultural land. There do not appear to be any options for receiving both compensation and the provision of new agriculture land.
Photo 15 Villagers in Srae Kor 1 Village, Srae Kor Commune, Sesan District, Stung Treng Province raise thei hands to indicate their opposition to the construction of the Lower Sesan 2 dam. As with Kbal Romeas, the residents of Srae Kor Commune, including the village heads and members of the commune council, are strongly opposed to the construction of the Sesan 2 dam. This was made very clear in this study’s meeting, which was organised for all of the representatives of families in the commune. Everyone at the meeting indicated their opposition to the project. 4.1.6.1) Resettlement Issues
Photo 15 Villagers in Srae Kor 1 Village, Srae Kor Commune, Sesan District, Stung Treng Province raise thei hands to indicate their opposition to the construction of the Lower Sesan 2 dam. As with Kbal Romeas, the residents of Srae Kor Commune, including the village heads and members of the commune council, are strongly opposed to the construction of the Sesan 2 dam. This was made very clear in this study’s meeting, which was organised for all of the representatives of families in the commune. Everyone at the meeting indicated their opposition to the project. 4.1.6.1) Resettlement Issues
Photo 17 A rubber seedling nursery near Srae Kor Village. The rubber seedlings are being plantation on what was previously land used by villagers. that was originally planted with rubber by Anmady.°* According to villagers, Anmady sold this area to Grand Land. Before giving up the area, Anmady representatives apparently tried to befriend the villagers. They purchased a generator for the commune’s Buddhist temple, but within a few months it was broken, and before long the friendly company representatives were gone. They had gained access to village lands; their mission was completed. However, Anmady is apparently still actively developing new rubber plantations west of the area controlled by Grand Land Company.
Photo 17 A rubber seedling nursery near Srae Kor Village. The rubber seedlings are being plantation on what was previously land used by villagers. that was originally planted with rubber by Anmady.°* According to villagers, Anmady sold this area to Grand Land. Before giving up the area, Anmady representatives apparently tried to befriend the villagers. They purchased a generator for the commune’s Buddhist temple, but within a few months it was broken, and before long the friendly company representatives were gone. They had gained access to village lands; their mission was completed. However, Anmady is apparently still actively developing new rubber plantations west of the area controlled by Grand Land Company.
Photo 18 Villagers in Rumpoat Village , Ta Lat Commune, Sesan District, Stung Treng Province raise their hands to indicate their opposition tc the construction of the Lower Sesan 2 dam. the construction of the Lower sesan 2 dam. The village-proper may not be flooded, but cement water measurement markers put up by Vietnamese dam surveyors along two streams directly upstream (Luluit Stream) and downstream (Preal Stream) from the village indicate that both would be partially inundated by the dam’s reservoir if the project goes ahead. This can be expected, in turn, to lead to extensive flooding of the village’s 50 ha of lowland rice paddy lands, which are low-lying and located near both streams.” In the past, these rice fields have been exposed to periodic rainy season flooding, sometimes for short periods (in which cases the rice survives and also benefits from the riverine nutrients deposited by the floodwaters), and at other times for longer and more destructive periods, some of which have been attributed to rapid large water releases from the Yali Falls dam reservoir. However, if the two streams were already partially inundated by the Sesan 2 dam’s reservoir, it is likely that additional rain water would lead to much more frequent instances of destructive flooding. This could seriously endanger the village’s rice supply. However, comments made to the villagers by surveyors working for PECC1 indicate that the project developers are not sensitive to the risks to the village by the dam. One worker said that any new flooding of rice fields would not be a result of the dam, but would occur due to “natural conditions”. Clearly, however, increased floods caused by a combination of higher waters in the reservoir and natural rains cannot be reasonably attributed to “natural conditions”. The increased water levels should be recognised as being directly caused by the Sesan 2 dam. But still, the villagers do not want to relocate. One woman said, “We don’t want to move. We are ready to die here.”
Photo 18 Villagers in Rumpoat Village , Ta Lat Commune, Sesan District, Stung Treng Province raise their hands to indicate their opposition tc the construction of the Lower Sesan 2 dam. the construction of the Lower sesan 2 dam. The village-proper may not be flooded, but cement water measurement markers put up by Vietnamese dam surveyors along two streams directly upstream (Luluit Stream) and downstream (Preal Stream) from the village indicate that both would be partially inundated by the dam’s reservoir if the project goes ahead. This can be expected, in turn, to lead to extensive flooding of the village’s 50 ha of lowland rice paddy lands, which are low-lying and located near both streams.” In the past, these rice fields have been exposed to periodic rainy season flooding, sometimes for short periods (in which cases the rice survives and also benefits from the riverine nutrients deposited by the floodwaters), and at other times for longer and more destructive periods, some of which have been attributed to rapid large water releases from the Yali Falls dam reservoir. However, if the two streams were already partially inundated by the Sesan 2 dam’s reservoir, it is likely that additional rain water would lead to much more frequent instances of destructive flooding. This could seriously endanger the village’s rice supply. However, comments made to the villagers by surveyors working for PECC1 indicate that the project developers are not sensitive to the risks to the village by the dam. One worker said that any new flooding of rice fields would not be a result of the dam, but would occur due to “natural conditions”. Clearly, however, increased floods caused by a combination of higher waters in the reservoir and natural rains cannot be reasonably attributed to “natural conditions”. The increased water levels should be recognised as being directly caused by the Sesan 2 dam. But still, the villagers do not want to relocate. One woman said, “We don’t want to move. We are ready to die here.”
Photo 20 Flood-level cement marker loca ted in streambed adjacent to Rumpoat Village Photo 19 Flood-level cement marker located in streambed adjacent to Rumpoat Village, and concerned villager.
Photo 20 Flood-level cement marker loca ted in streambed adjacent to Rumpoat Village Photo 19 Flood-level cement marker located in streambed adjacent to Rumpoat Village, and concerned villager.
Photo 21 Ritual objects used by the Kreung people in Rumpoat Village to bless their rice crops. information about houses, fruit trees, and agricultural land. Since the people are opposed to the project, they did not want to thumb-print the documents, in case their thumb-prints were misinterpreted as representing their agreement with constructing the dam. Villagers were also suspicious because the company officials would not let the villagers look at what they wrote on the forms. The company workers were apparently angry with the villagers, but the people refuse: to give in. They simply told the dam representatives that they were not in favour of the dam and would therefore not cooperate. Villagers said that PECC1 representatives visited their village twice. During the second trip they took photographs of the villagers’ houses. Villagers also told us that they believe that nobody in Ta Lat Commune supports the dam.
Photo 21 Ritual objects used by the Kreung people in Rumpoat Village to bless their rice crops. information about houses, fruit trees, and agricultural land. Since the people are opposed to the project, they did not want to thumb-print the documents, in case their thumb-prints were misinterpreted as representing their agreement with constructing the dam. Villagers were also suspicious because the company officials would not let the villagers look at what they wrote on the forms. The company workers were apparently angry with the villagers, but the people refuse: to give in. They simply told the dam representatives that they were not in favour of the dam and would therefore not cooperate. Villagers said that PECC1 representatives visited their village twice. During the second trip they took photographs of the villagers’ houses. Villagers also told us that they believe that nobody in Ta Lat Commune supports the dam.
Photo 23 Men in Phluk Village, Phluk Commune, Sesan District, Stung Treng Province raise their hands to indicate their opposition to the construction of the Lower Sesan 2 dam. response was uncertain, and the official who responded said that this matter would have to be investigated further. The EMP does not mention the provision of electricity to villages affected by the project. According to a village leader, “When people first came to visit our village to discuss the dam we were still stupid. We could not think of what to say.”
Photo 23 Men in Phluk Village, Phluk Commune, Sesan District, Stung Treng Province raise their hands to indicate their opposition to the construction of the Lower Sesan 2 dam. response was uncertain, and the official who responded said that this matter would have to be investigated further. The EMP does not mention the provision of electricity to villages affected by the project. According to a village leader, “When people first came to visit our village to discuss the dam we were still stupid. We could not think of what to say.”
Photo 25 Villagers in Phluk Village, Phluk Commune, Sesan District, Stung Treng Province raise their hands to indicate their opposition to the construction of the Lower Sesan 2 dam. -hoto 24 Women in Phluk Village, Phluk Commune, Sesan District, Stung Treng Ph -rovince raise their hands to indicate their opposition to the construction of Stu he Lower Sesan 2 dam. the
Photo 25 Villagers in Phluk Village, Phluk Commune, Sesan District, Stung Treng Province raise their hands to indicate their opposition to the construction of the Lower Sesan 2 dam. -hoto 24 Women in Phluk Village, Phluk Commune, Sesan District, Stung Treng Ph -rovince raise their hands to indicate their opposition to the construction of Stu he Lower Sesan 2 dam. the
Photo 26 Villagers in Ban Bung Village, Phluk Commune, Sesan District, Stung Treng Province raise their hands to indicate their opposition to the construction of the Lower Sesan 2 dam.
Photo 26 Villagers in Ban Bung Village, Phluk Commune, Sesan District, Stung Treng Province raise their hands to indicate their opposition to the construction of the Lower Sesan 2 dam.
Related topics:
Laos (Lao PDR)Big DamsHydropower environmental impactsFish MigrationInvoluntary Resettlement
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