CIHM 



ICIMH 



Microfiche 



Collection de 



Series 



microfiches 



(l\/lonographs) 



(monographles) 







Canadian Instituta for Historical Microraproauctiont / Institut Canadian da microraproductions hittoriquas 



1994 




Ttchnical and Bibliofraphic Notn / NotM Mchniqu«t at bibliographiquM 



Th« InitituM ha« atttmpttd to obtain tht b««t original 

 copy available for t'llmmg. Faaturat of thit copy which 

 may ba bibliographically uniqua, which may altar any 

 of tha imagat m tha raproduction, or which may 

 significantly changa tha usual mathod of filminf , ara 

 chacktd balow. 



HColourad covari/ 

 Couvartura da coulaur 



n 



D 

 D 

 D 

 D 



n 

 



D 



Covari Jamagad/ 

 Couvartura andommagi* 



Covart rastorad and/or lamirutad/ 

 Couvartura rastauria at/ou palliculia 



Covar titia missing/ 



La titra da couvartura manqua 



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 along interior margin/ 

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 distorsion le long de la marge interieure 



Blank leaves added during restoration may appear 

 within the text. Whenever possible, these have 

 been omitted from filming/ 

 II se peut que certaines pages blanches aiouties 

 lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, 

 mais, lorsque cela etait possible, ces pages n'ont 

 pas ete filmees. 



Additional comments:/ Pagination is as follows 

 Commentaires supplementaires: 



This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ 



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L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaira qu'il 

 lui a M pouibia da sa procurer. Les details de cet 

 exemplaira qui sont p«ut-4tre uitiques du point da vue 

 bibliographique. qui pauvent modifier una image 

 reproduite. ou qui pauvent axigar una modification 

 dans la method* normale da f ibnaga sont indiqufa 

 ci-dassous. 



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print varies/ 

 egale de I'impression 



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 Qualite in< 



I I Continuous pagination/ 



D 



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Includes irtdexles)/ 

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 Le titre de I'en-tCte provient: 



□ Title page of issuk/ 

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 Titre de depart de la 



□ Masthead/ 

 Gener 



livraisoii 



livraison 



erique (periodiques) de la livraison 



11-119. 



10X 



__, 







14X 









18X 









22X 







26 X 





30X 









i^^^H 



























y 





1 









12X 









16X 









20X 



__ 







24X 





2a X 





13* 




Th« copy filmed h«r« haa baan raproducad thanka 

 to tha gan«roaity of: 



Douglas Library 

 Quaan't Univartity 



L'axamplaira film4 fut raproduit grica A la 

 g4n4rosit* da: 



Douglas Library 

 Quaan's Univartity 



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 conformity avac las conditions du contrat da 

 fllmaga. 



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 whichever appliea. 



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 method: 



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 par la premier plat at en terminant soit par la 

 darnlAre page qui comporte une empreinte 

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 originaux sont filmAs an commandant par la 

 premi4re page qui comporte une empreinte 

 d'impression ou d'illustration at en terminant par 

 la darnlAre page qui comporte une telle 

 empreinte. 



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 filmte A das taux de rMuction diffArents. 

 Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre 

 reproduit en un aeul clichA, 11 eat film* A partir 

 de I'angle suptrieur gauche, de gauche h droite, 

 et de haut en baa, an prenant la nombre 

 d'imagaa nAcaaaaira. Lea diagrammea suivanta 

 iiluatrent la mAthode. 



1 2 3 



1 



2 



3 



4 



5 



6 




MIOOCOrY tlSOlUTKm IKt CNAIT 



lANSI ond ISO TEST CH*«T No 7, 



I.I 



y£ 



1^ 



1^ 



I. 



l£ 



L£ 



12.0 





il.8 



125 iu 



1.6 



A -APPLIED IM^GE In 



'653 Eo« Mo.n ■it'*** 

 "ocl^ittf. H9m Vorii '4609 



("6) 482 - 0300 - Pfior>« 

 (M6} 288- i9e« - Fo. 




UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO 

 STUDIES 



PHVSIOLOGICAI. SERIES 



No. 



t 



( 



;. KlLHORN ^^"'^ ^ "-^XTMAN and U>ut 



(KiPKlNIKD »KUM THE AMiru ^^ J, 



MI..NAI.,,, f*HV-,ot....v. V„l, 4-„ 



THB LToSx.^vr"" ^-'-^ - 



J < 



H 



i 



few 



fnii II 




«?ii 



Vntfcriitf of tCoronto mxM^ 



COMMiTTIB OP IIANAOmBirr 



PAUomm IX.D., tLCMG. 

 PimMmI of tlM Uahwnilf 



W. J. AumAisn. rm.D. 



W. H. Bixn, M.A., M.D. 



J. J. M»aaumB, B.A.. M.B. 



J. P. McMtnuucH. P1I.D. 



G. H. NnBLM, Pk-D. 



Gmmm M. Wm»io. M.A. 



H. H. Lmwtoh. ILA. 



LOmtf^B of Ui« UaHwraHy 




tt^,„„|„| (r.„n Tmi \>..p,i,.» I,„ ,,„ „,|. „,.,,,, 



,1 \..l r. N., 



ADin.NAI.IN \ \,>o|,|,,.vin|; \|i:. H.vmsms ,n yWlrW \ T 



nil I iiii \ I M.is 



IIIWK \ H\l(i\rv\ <s„ (.i.si.ii. ,. Kll.iiuiiN 



!('■■, i\.,l I,,, (,,||,|„ ,,„,„ \-,,\,.|„t„.r |:l, |',|7 

 l< Im- I....... ,M:.l,h-|,..,M„ ,,„„„,..., ,, „„,,,„„.„,..,,, , 



:.nu„„.l..|H..| l.y a -lila.a.um i,. ,1... I.l.„„| ,.,„..|, j,, ■ ,, ,„„„.,,„ ,.„ 



;\';;'''"""''' ""■ ''''•"■• ' '^ •■■•""•"ll-l •■> ■•' •-n.ral M..rv .han-m 



W.. a,.,.,.|..nfallv .|,s..„v,.,..,hl.a. a.l,..,,.,!,,. fa.N „. ,,,,„|.„... a fall .„ 

 t'l'-l Pr.-..n. in y-,„n« k,t,..,.. u„h any ,|„.s,, |,„«,.v..r s,„all Tl„. 

 .mlyn.:.w...n„,v,.,, .an-.., Fna. h a> ,!..- fall i„ |.|..,„, ,„...„,., 



':;':'""■ ". ""^ ""■'•'--' '" ■'•-■■'1. .- .m .' iWy a«,. ,„U, a. ,.,.n,.r 

 tut ttif rcaciK.ii in viaiim kitten,-. 



Will. t|„. hn,„. .,f ,h,.„„,„« ,„„r,. 1,^,., .,„ „„. „„,„,,, „f „^,. ,,,,,,,,,,„, 

 VM>o.l.la.or ,n..,.|uu,i.s,„ u,. have nm.!.. a ,-l,.,|,^ ..f ,.a,- at .lirtn-nit a«,.. 



Iho -n.-tlMMls ,.,n,.l,.y...| in thi.n r,..,.anh uvr.. sn„ilar to th.^. ,,-,..1 

 .n ,.r..v.n.,s r..s,.a,.,.|„.. , ,, |.„t with the f,.ll„wir« n.Mlifi.-ations; M,.,.h 



.nanc.,. I...„..v. , „.,. „..,.. ,....] .„ a.lwlt eats ,v..,.. n,nn.| a.ivanta^ 



n r..K,st,,n,K volnn.- ..hanK,.. "f .!..• Ii.nl, „r intostinc „f kiifn- MH- 



Ws u.th a l.a>.. 2.i nwn. I.y V.i , „,,.,• ,.s,.,| ,„ a tnajorit v ,.f tl„. .v- 



ponnu-nts. w ul.- .,..,.a....,nally ,.. .1... y.,n„«,.s, k.ttn. a MnMlN-r l...||..vv.s 



Tnf^ L? "T V. """• ■ '" """ " •'' "■'"''■ •^" ""'""''^ "<■■•<• '""I"-' •>.<• 



influence of eljiec. 



When the a^e of the kitte,,. was unknown, it was ..e.-essarv to n.ake 

 u" -s nnate fron. the atntnal's weight. The.se .,s,i„.at..s ^ve,■e ha.se.i 

 . IM.n the uetghts o. hve k.ttens. whose a^es were known. ran..n« fron. 

 0.3 kKin to 1,3 kK.n. in weisht. Th.' age- -o ,|eten„i.,e.| ate elose 



vasodilator ineehan.sn. is iin(|iiestional)ly variul)le. 



Ill 




U2 



MANK \. IIAHTMAN AMI l.»>|,|»; u KIMlnllV 



iii.<M»i> pH»:i»ii HK NrAiTioN AT |iirr»;n»Nt \<i>>. 

 \ -liiily .if rhi' lt|.M.i| prr»Hiiri< ri-»|M>ii>t<. iiiikIiI («■ i\|n'.(..| r>> gn.- 

 II- Mh iili-u i>( Ihi- iiKc 111 Hhirh tlir- a.lniiitliri vii....|ilMt..r iii.-. Iiuiimi, 

 U'Kifi- l.>rip|N':ir \Vitlii.r.f..ri-..imh» (.. (m».w.r ..iti |.r..l.l.iii \,\ in.in. 

 iif tdf IiIihdI |iri"-<im- react iiiti. 



Thf youtigi^i kittriif i-trijili.yr.l wirf ..f kimwn .,«,. ii|,i,, vw^.ksi 

 iiii.l «.iKlir.l It a kum Mh.l (i;«2 kKiii. r.-iHTin,!^ ri,i- ihiv-li.,1,1 f,,r 

 ' Ir....! |.rrf.«iiri' r.-|Miii-.- l.i iiilrriiiilirt »ii« ImkIi m Ih.iIi .um-i, \u tin- 

 »ir»t. l».| IT , I iiMMMNI .riii-i-.l It riw from It) rntn to lit mimi . wluli- 



It-- timtl that |.r.,.|l|r..,| l ffrrl. liv.li l,,r({.r ,|.,.r. |.|.Mh|.r,l .. 



f.tniill.T |M.r.'.-iifiiK.. ri-.' than that fruiii |.iu|h,i ii,,i,;,l ,|.i-e- iti ..l.l.r 

 kitl.ii-allli.Miuli IhiMlutati.iiiuf tlii-i.(T<'<l iniiilit !«• a« luim i „.<•.(, fin. | i. 

 liinlil ..1(1.1 killiii- wclKlutiB fn.m ll.tl kntii. I.. lltiT kutii. lal.mit 

 finhl m-<-ki» i.f HKi'i |HWN...r(| a I..W.T tlin'H|i.,|,| f,,, a.lr.tialm. iii ^..i,,.' 

 Itl-talM-.M \»;uii a- I..W a- 2 iv , I I.IMHI.IHM) tti ..lil,V l\v.. ..f IIum- 

 aniliiaU wa-« llicii' all i.ciaM.nial fall .if IiIoimI |ii(.«.iirc Miccef.liiin ihi' 

 riM-. W hen It ihij ,„.,iir it wa^ -tiiull in Mtn.iuiii V .lii.irs^.ir .11, ,i 

 at tlii> an.' WHS .'V.M'i.li.iiial (>.■.• /.. fi^, 1 1. Kitt.'ii- . v.ii ..l.j.r faili.l |.. 

 Kivc a fall ill III. .{ pi,.,,.(ir.. with a.lr.'iialiii. Scv.ti iii.liv i.liials w.inhiim 

 ri--|HTtiv..|y (I . kKtii,, 0.7:. kKi.i., Il.!l kKiii.. 0.!l k|{m,, II.!!.-. k»jin. ami 

 IM kniii. (I'^iiiiiialc.l mcvs, tiiiii' t.i .1, v.n \v.-.k«). ijavf a ri»<> witli.mi 

 a full ill cviTv iiij.-cti.iti. Imwi'vcr ^<lllall. 



On th.' ..tli.r |i;,i|,| aiiiiiiaU w.ijjliinn I kitiii. .u innri' ii.mmlly unw a 

 'V and fall in IiI.mkI |ir."<Mirc with mim.hII d. !-.•>«. altlmiiKh rcptat.-.l itijcc- 

 fit.tix in thr same aniiiml miuht not aiway;* il.i ■.« ic and ./. (in. I). It 

 tiiinh* Im- MiKK<'Mff.l that th.' failiiro .if a d.pf. ...Mir r.a.ti.m in lli.w ,a>.s 

 wii.- dii.- l<. the .'a^y fatiKii." "f an inc..nipl<.t..|y di.v.'l..p.>.| in.-.haniMii. 

 KiltriiH i.f th<' ftillowiiiK w.'iKhts nn\f th.- d.-pn-.^'sor rcaition; 1.0 kKtii 

 lOkutn.. I.I kjtiii.. l.;UKni. 



Am th.' animals iMTainr .ild.-r the pr.'s.Hor .■(Ti-i-t.s fr.itii .^niall d..f.ois ,if 

 udr. iialin iKM-aiiic gradually I.-hs and Iv^h whiU- the full in hi.....! pr.wiir.. 

 I««caiii.' Krcafcr and m.-r." j.r..l.inK<-d. Finally in tin- a.liilt animal th.' 

 ri.s«' hcamciiMKiiificanf <.r in sumc <:, .'s a pure full rcMillcd (s.-.. lig. 1 1. 

 A study iif the I.I.Mid pres.surc roattion has shown that the di-prossur 

 rcHIH.n.se to adrenalin Iw-KitiH to apjH'ar at the- iifLv i.f t'loveii or twolvc 

 wet'kM. From that aRc onward the dcprcs.sor rcsp.m.so cniroathcs mort' 

 and more uiw.ii the prcs.sor ctTcct until finally the latter may almost 

 disHjipfur, i.rovid.'d small doses of adrenalin are injected. This Rraded 

 incrcawof tin- depressor response withthe growthof the animal indicates 

 a gradual development of th.' adn-nalin vasodilator me> ' .misni. 






m '^mji^i^.atm 



^ ,m ^^■ 



r,^ I 



1111 





«^ i;¥.n.„;';::::"' '^ ' • ••"- — ^-"'-•" -y ..< «..„ *„ «... 



o ;«) 



tL' 



1 II 

 I :< 



I K 

 ■J H 



••"•► or T m.am I ,»,»■„ „,,.,mt ..r 



.» 

 II 



u 



adult 

 ll.'i 



' ' ftrr k^m „} 



1 67 

 16 

 -M 

 (I 07« 

 0.17 

 0.071 



•HI 

 •17 



no 



170 

 ifiO 

 IM 



I «N J"'l HS«| Ol (MtmOl.l.l., v,u 4.1. I!!. J. 




IN 



riUNK ^ IIANrMA^ AVn LRMMR <(. RII.IIOI|!« 



1^1 



It MMfMlKxt At Ami ihM wo hlt<i iwUlpif Ihp l|IHMll|i)n ll« tn ittf (lgl> tl( 



which U»«. ttilnnitlin vtnuMhlnlor ttitn hitniMiii ftmt npiwitni h\ n •tiiily itf 

 thp IiIihmI |>rtwaiiri< rimctioH. Hul in Wfttk nn n<|i|lt cut*, whirh w In 

 l'«» iiutiliahfii iMHin. *«• foiirul Infrr Ihul mi niln*niihti vnMHtilutttr iiiiN'hn- 

 ni*m iniiht Im< i<vi\nt m nn itntiiuil iillhuiiih lite IiIimmI prMsiirt' ri<«|ti>njM< 

 wnn a rwr. 'rUf'rrf.irt« Mitttntit n •hulv of lb- vuhim*' I'hiinKfM in th# 

 orgnit wdjt'pnM'fl, »•• <'j|itii*>t lir ifrtuin nf mir wihilum 



For rrAMin* givfn in iinotticr rfwnnh (I, p. 3«Mli »•• iin» h-il to ln»iit 

 Mimrnlrly Ih*" iiiln-ntthn vrnuwhlrtlor ttii'< hnnimti for Ihf liiiili hihI lhi» 

 inti>Niinnl H<in*ni»hn vitMMlitnlor itii*thiuitMni. It iiniht Itf %t>\\ to 

 hrii!<ly r><|M*nt thoiw n*niM>m*. Fir»l, thrrr in n ilifrprrnrr of thriohold, 

 i r., th<> iniH-hnntoni for th«« inliwtint* h.tn n hi|ht>r thri"<hol<l (in the avpr- 



tig. i. Kffrrl iif t re nilrrnnlin. I : lOD.nm on lh« vnhime of th* intMlino tnil 

 hind limb in ■ kiltrn thrro work* ol<l (0 .ti ksm ). Hm»llf r Amu priMiiK-eil •iiiiiUr 

 IhMgh Imm ninrki'd flTMU. i ltt<<l>irri| ).) 



■Rp thiin thill for thr limh. .S'roml, ii dilTi'n'nrf in rfvpr?<f»l, i.p., no 

 incri'iiw in the flow of ailri>niilin v«>r rhitnKCM intofttittnl ihlatation to 

 cimMlrirtion wh«>n oner th«' liiliitnlion thrf>Mhold ih inimviI, whiln niirh 

 an incri'iiM- (I<m'« ciiiimc h n'V(T?«al from dihitiifionto con^lriition in Ihp 

 linili. Thi'Ni- olwcrviilion^ i«ujm<'>«t uifTi-rfnt tyjHw of incfluiniMinM. WV 

 will thiTc'fori* flixciiiM fhi'iii H4'|mriit«> 'y. 



THK ADHK.NAI.I.V VArtoniLATilH MRCHANIMM r«)H THK l-IMH 



AlthoiiKh we hiivr (•iii|>loyi'<l the hind limit in thin Ntiidy, thi-n* n 

 groiwid for HMMiiminn that its react i in (proviiicd skit> i'fT«>ft« arc ni-g- 

 ligiliif) riprc'Mcnts tin- ri-.'i. lion for the ski'li-tul iiiii.t«lc throiighoui llif 

 organism. We have therefore ((^"(idered aetive adrenalin dilatation 

 of the hind liml> aH proof of the presence of the adrenalin vasodilator 

 mechanism for skeletal iiniseli-. 




. v,.r>„,„ ...... n« II..., ,.. , ,..„,„..., .,^,.,,.„... . ;; ;;• 



"•'"■""■•' ••"•"""" • • •'••"1- .1 • I..I ^av. ,.r.,.| ... V. , .r 



..f .»„. .|.,.r..,.,r „.,.„.. .„ ,.u .1 ,.r.-..Mr. ... k „, „,., , . Z,^^. 



r.'«.'.H.n I ,u. V, M..K.r k,...„, f,. „, .I.,.- i . ..,„|„ «„.k, ..l.i „,.! 

 «H.v.. .I,l„h.„.,„ . f ,1... |,„.|, ,M..,. ,,« 2 . 



Twu k.ft.,,. „Ih.,I ,.|..v..„ H...k. .,1.1 , I kuiM . r ....I |,^ |„„|, .,,,„„. 



lfr..H .,1.1,., ,1... „,,,,i..„ «,., ,.,i..,„..| «i,|. Kr..,„..r ,.„u.f..„,..v. \t -ix 

 ni..nt|i, rlH' r.-».,h..i.«. r...«.t„l,|,.,| ,„,„,. ,|„„ , f ,i,„ ,„,„|, 



In K,.n,.ral w.. ,„,,v .,.v .(..•.. .1... I„..l. „..■. l...„n.,n Ih-k.,.. , , f,.„,,;..„ 



Ul,.,al ,„„.,.,., «... ,,,.,„,., ,i,.,, „„„ „„, ,,„j,^ ^ ^^ ^ 



With... .1... |,„.„ ..f ..x,H.r„„..„...,l ......im,.,,, w.. hHv.. f,H,„.l ,l.is ,„ hp 



Tllf: IMKVriVM. VAH,,|.|I.AI.iu \U;.„AN„^, 



.\I.I.H,Kl. ,1... „„..„„.;.! va.n.|,h.,ah.,n fr,.,n a-ir-nahn .nav ....n.ril.u.o 

 ' •»... fall .,. I,|.„,| ,„,.„„r.. „.„, .I..M.. ,1.., .1,, „,., p,.,.|,„,,. ,,„„„,,. 



vuMMl.la.al,.,,. n,..r..|y -uhtr:,.-,> fr..,„ ,h.. ,,r.....,r ..fT..,-,. .,f ,h.. ,..,n- 




:!^L&1 



^x;^'f^:*:^m'mF^-^£m 



I IK 



lUWK \. MUtlMW \M> I.KM.IK <;. Ml.lKtK.V 





I 



Mn.l.lm A..|..tMl IM.l^rlr. Tlu-rrlnrc «<• .'i.niiut .-xprrt tn tl.n.w iniirh 

 liKliI .m Ih. I.I.....I piv^Mir.. iciciin,, |,v ,(u,lv „( thv <l..vvl..|,inc..l of 

 lliiN iri.Tl.an.Hii. Miit Uvniu>v ii m.,.,„.s , ,MM.f a .liff.-mH ly|H' ur wore 



inixioiiN f(i conipiirc itH (lovi-lopimTit 

 wiMi that of the liinh mcclmiiisin. 



Th«' voliiiiic ihiiiiKi's ill tlu' intrs- 

 tiiii'. rcwiltinn from tin- injection 

 of luln'imlin info the k<'ii<tii1 lilood 

 xtrraiii, were olwrvod in t'lcvi'ii 

 kitlcn.s ranjfinn in "K*' from three 

 wtvkn to six nionth-x. The amounts 

 of ad' nali ninj«'ct<'d varied from 

 that just snfKeient to give » response 

 to massive doses. The ahscnee of 

 the intestinal adrenalin vascxhiator 

 mechunisMi was considered, proven 

 if massive doses failed to cause dila- 

 tation. 



All kittens u|) to ahout eleven 

 weeks of aRC (ei(fht) failed to sIh.w 

 the presence of an adrenalin vaso- 

 dilator mechanism for the intes- 

 tine. Three of alMnil this ajrc 

 sliowcfl nothinn Imt constrictinn. 

 while a foinlh nave a marked dila- 

 tation (see fin. til. The characlci 

 of the constriction difTered some- 

 what with the ajfe of the animal, 

 vouiiKer kittens showinjt a more pro- 

 lonned elTccl than older kittens (.see 

 figs. 4 and .")). This mi^ht he due 

 to (he vasodilator etTects heninniiiij 

 to appear in the older kittens Im- 

 c.iuse we know that in adults the 

 constriction is cut short liy dilata- 

 tion. .\l that slajje the vasodilator 

 inechani.sm is fully developed. 



On account of differences already 

 mentioned we have been led to con- 

 sider the adrenalin vasodilator 




^"MKNMiN ^^,.,„n^l,.|, mk, hxmmi, ,n 



117 



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 • III 



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Wcvci. weeks „|- ;,«.- ^avc active limh ,!ila 



tation with adiviialiii liul 



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118 



THANK A. MAK-niA.N AM) I.KiSl.lK (i. KIMIOKN 




»*»^*l."/.« 



. ... .A j-.^iMByrT.- 



ADKENAMN VAHODILATOK MKCHAXrHMH IN CAT 



119 



only in the n.miv.,r«. (Tfu-ir pmsonco has hern pr..v..„ i„ ,h.. ,l„g) 

 A .y.s,..,Maf... survey of the verfehratos f„r the presence .,f thes. , 3 

 anwms is u. ,)r(.Kress in this lahoratc-ry. 



Ml MMAHV 



1. The smallest effective .loses „f adrenalin produce only a ri«e in 

 hlood pressure in y„ung kittens. 



2. The threshold for a.lrenahn blood pressure effects is high in y<.unK 

 kittens, (leereasinK as they >tr..w older. ^ 



3 The response to adrenalu. of a fall in blood pressure begins to ap- 

 pear at uboiif eleven w. eks. is •- ' "p- 



4 The increasing of the d.-jm-ssor effects from tl. ■ slight fall sue- 

 ceedmg a ri.se in younger animals to a marked almost pure full in 

 mechiin^tr*" '" "■"'""' ''^^■^•''"""-' "^ ♦»>« adrenalin vanodlla J 



5 This fall in blood pressure seems to be due t<. vasodilatation in 

 Saml"""" ' "■ '^" **" ^*'" **• '^^'' simultaneously in 1st 



l,.f!;TK' '"ir*'"."' "1''"''''" v«.sodilator mechanism often develops 

 later than the adrenalin vasodilator mechanism for the limb Thu. 

 supports the view that the two mechanisms are of different types. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 



(1) Canno.v A.VD Lvman: This Journal, 1913, xxxi, 376. 



(2) Hartman: Ibid., 1915, xxxviii, 438. 



(3) HosKiNs, Glnm.vo and Behky: Ibid.. 1916, xli 513 



(4) Haktman a.nd Fbaser; Ibid., 1917, xliv, 354 




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