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    Essential NEUROLOGY for Medicine Finals
    Essential NEUROLOGY for Medicine Finals
    Essential NEUROLOGY for Medicine Finals
    Ebook208 pages1 hour

    Essential NEUROLOGY for Medicine Finals

    By Magdalena Niestrata-Ortiz

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    About this ebook

    Do you find neurology difficult and scary? Exams are approaching fast and you do not know where to start? All the books seem too long and too complicated?
    Here is your solution! This book will transform the anxiety and fear of neurology stations into your strength and help you will ace the neurology stations in finals!

    This is a short, concise summary of common neurology topics with a focus on the knowledge required for medicine finals. It contains chapters of history taking, examination, clinical anatomy and common pathologies. Through the combination of easy to follow relevant clinical neuroanatomy with frameworks for clinical examination and diagnosis of common pathologies, the book combines theory with practical skills thereby facilitating the understanding of difficult neurology topics.

    The book also contains numerous tips for exams and real life examination of patients as well as memory aids to boost students' performance. It is suitable for medical students at any stage preparing for exams in neurology, including final year exams.

    The book contains:

    - Guides on neurology history taking, including common presenting complaints

    - Frameworks for clinical examination including motor and sensory exam, parkinsonism exam, cerebellar exam, cranial nerve assessment, peripheral nerve exam and others

    - Easy to understand and remember clinical neuroanatomy with relevance to clinical examination

    - Concise summary of common and important pathologies, including signs and symptoms, investigations and treatment

    - Mnemonics that will help you remember difficult topics for longer

    - Numerous pictures to help your learning

    - Example marking schemes for self-assessment.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherMagdalena Niestrata-Ortiz
    Release dateNov 25, 2014
    ISBN9781311929624
    Essential NEUROLOGY for Medicine Finals

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      Book preview

      Essential NEUROLOGY for Medicine Finals - Magdalena Niestrata-Ortiz

      Essential NEUROLOGY for Medicine Finals

      Magdalena Niestrata-Ortiz

      2014, First Edition

      Essential NEUROLOGY for Medicine Finals

      Essential NEUROLOGY for Medicine Finals

      NEUROLOGICAL HISTORY TAKING

      General overview

      Tips for neurological history taking

      Common presenting complaints

      Headache

      History components

      Common diagnoses, relevant investigations and management

      Migraine

      Cluster headache

      Tension headache

      Sinusitis

      Meningitis

      Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH)

      Raised intracranial pressure

      Epidural haemorrhage

      Subdural haemorrhage

      Temporal arteritis

      Medication overuse headache

      Venous sinus thrombosis

      Funny turn (seizure, fit, loss of consciousness)

      History components

      Investigations

      Differential diagnosis

      Common causes of seizures

      Causes of epilepsy

      Seizure Classification

      Epilepsy treatment

      NEUROLOGICAL EXAMINATION

      General remarks

      Neurological motor examination of the limbs

      Motor system applied basic anatomy

      General remarks about the neurological motor examination

      Motor examination of the lower limbs

      Motor examination of the upper limbs

      Neurological sensory examination of the limbs

      Sensory system basic applied anatomy

      General remarks about the sensory neurological examination of the limbs

      Neurological sensory examination of the lower limbs

      Neurological sensory examination of the upper limbs

      Summary of the Full Neurological Examination of Lower Limbs (Motor and Sensory)

      Summary of the Full Neurological Examination of Upper Limbs (Motor and Sensory)

      Cerebellar examination

      Cerebellum

      The introduction

      Cerebellar examination

      Investigations

      Causes of cerebellar dysfunction

      Parkinsonism examination

      Introduction

      Examination

      Causes of parkinsonism

      Treatment for Parkinson's disease

      Cranial nerve examination

      Examination

      Common pathologies of cranial nerves

      Eye pathology

      Horner's syndrome

      Causes of nystagmus

      Pupil abnormalities

      Visual field defects

      Ocular palsies

      Internuclear ophthalmoplegia

      Facial nerve palsy

      Cerebellopontine angle syndrome (nerve V, VII, VIII)

      IX, X, XI and XII nerve palsies

      Neurological examination of the hand

      WEAKNESS

      Where is the lesion? - Upper vs. lower motor neuron lesion

      Causes of weakness

      IMPORTANT NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS

      Common upper motor neuron pathology

      Stroke

      Multiple sclerosis

      Common lower motor neuron pathology

      Polyneuropathy

      Charcot-Marie-Tooth

      Mononeuropathy

      Median nerve lesion

      Ulnar nerve palsy

      Radial nerve palsy

      Long thoracic nerve palsy

      Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh (L2, L3)

      Femoral nerve (L2-L4)

      Common peroneal nerve (L4-S2)

      Sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

      Mononeuritis multiplex

      Neuromuscular junction disease

      Myasthenia gravis (MG)

      Muscle disease (myopathy)

      Myotonia dystrophica (Myotonic dystrophy)

      Mixed upper and lower motor neuron pathology

      Motor neurone disease

      MARKING SCHEMES

      Neurological examination of lower limbs (motor and sensory)

      Neurological examination of the upper limbs (motor and sensory)

      Cerebellar examination

      Cranial nerve exam

      Parkinsonism examination

      About the Author

      Essential NEUROLOGY for Medicine Finals

      Dr. Magdalena Niestrata-Ortiz BSc (Hons) MBChB (Hons)

      Do you find neurology difficult and scary? Exams are approaching fast and you do not know where to start? All the books seem too long and too complicated? Here is your solution! This book will transform the anxiety and fear of neurology stations into your strength and help you will ace the neurology stations in finals!

      This is a short, concise summary of common neurology topics with a focus on the knowledge required for medicine finals. It contains chapters of history taking, examination, clinical anatomy and common pathologies. Through the combination of easy to follow relevant clinical neuroanatomy with frameworks for clinical examination and diagnosis of common pathologies, the book combines theory with practical skills thereby facilitating the understanding of difficult neurology topics.

      The book also contains numerous tips for exams and real life examination of patients as well as memory aids to boost students’ performance. It is suitable for medical students at any stage preparing for exams in neurology, including final year exams.

      The book contains:

      Guides on neurology history taking, including common presenting complaints

      Frameworks for clinical examination including motor and sensory exam, parkinsonism exam, cerebellar exam, cranial nerve assessment, peripheral nerve exam and others

      Easy to understand and remember clinical neuroanatomy with relevance to clinical examination

      Concise summary of common and important pathologies, including signs and symptoms, investigations and treatment

      Mnemonics that will help you remember difficult topics for longer

      Numerous pictures to help your learning

      Example marking schemes for self-assessment

      Tags: Medicine, Neurology, Students, Finals, Medicine Finals, Neurology Finals, Exams, Medicine Exams, Neurology Exams, Neurology History Taking, Neurology Examination, Neurological Examination, Neuroanatomy, Common Pathologies, Neurology Diagnosis

      License and Copyright Notes

      This book may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each recipient. If you're reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your enjoyment only, then please go to your favorite retailer and purchase your own copy. This will help support the author and encourage the creation of more content.

      No part of the content provided in this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the author. For any information, inquiries or requests refer to the author's website for contact information.

      2014 - First Edition

      Design, drawings, illustrations, editing and writing is work of the author.

      Copyright Dr. Magdalena Niestrata-Ortiz

      Website: http://www.magdalenaniestrata.com/

      Notices

      Knowledge and best practices in the field of neurology are constantly changing. Changes in research methods, professional practices or medical treatment may become necessary.

      To the fullest extent of the law, the author assumes no liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein.

      NEUROLOGICAL HISTORY TAKING

      General overview

      As with any history, start with a polite and concise introduction involving:

      Introducing yourself (first name, surname and who you are)

      Confirming patient's identity

      Explaining what you would like to do and asking for patient's permission.

      In some medical exams you may be expected to inform the patient about the confidentiality and it may be a part of the marking scheme. In practice, doctor-patient confidentiality is implied and assumed and, therefore, not routinely mentioned before history taking. However, for exam purposes, find out if it is required in you medical school and include it accordingly.

      In neurology, the clinical history has the same outline as in most systems, including the presenting complaint, history of presenting complaint, past medical and surgical history, drug history, family history and social history.

      Tips for neurological history taking

      1) Use as many open questions as possible

      In neurology, the history is often key to the correct diagnosis. It is important to let the patient tell you their story in their own words. When they describe what happened/happens themselves, unaided, you are more likely to note important details, which are easily missed

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