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    Urban Poverty in Asia
    Urban Poverty in Asia
    Urban Poverty in Asia
    Ebook192 pages1 hour

    Urban Poverty in Asia

    By Asian Development Bank

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    About this ebook

    This report provides an overview of important urban poverty questions. What defines urban poverty and how is urban poverty being measured? What other factors beyond consumption poverty need to be tackled? Who are the urban poor? What relations exist between urban poverty and city size? What linkages exist between urbanization, income, and urban poverty? What policy responses to urban poverty are implemented in selected Asian countries? The report served as a background study for the International Policy Workshop on Urban Poverty and Inclusive Cities in Asia, organized by the Asian Development Bank and the International Poverty Reduction Center held from 24-25 June 2013 in Suqian, Jiangsu Province, the People's Republic of China.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherAsian Development Bank
    Release dateSep 1, 2014
    ISBN9789292546649
    Urban Poverty in Asia

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      Book preview

      Urban Poverty in Asia - Asian Development Bank

      URBAN POVERTY

      IN ASIA

      © 2014 Asian Development Bank

      All rights reserved. Published in 2014.

      Printed in the Philippines.

      ISBN 978-92-9254-663-2 (Print), 978-92-9254-664-9 (e-ISBN)

      Publication Stock No. RPT146730-2

      Cataloging-In-Publication Data

      Asian Development Bank.

      Urban poverty in Asia.

      Mandaluyong City, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, 2014.

      1. Urban Poverty 2. Asia I. Asian Development Bank.

      The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent.

      ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use.

      By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term country in this document, ADB does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

      ADB encourages printing or copying information exclusively for personal and noncommercial use with proper acknowledgment of ADB. Users are restricted from reselling, redistributing, or creating derivative works for commercial purposes without the express, written consent of ADB.

      Note:

      In this publication, $ refers to US dollars.

      6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City

      1550 Metro Manila, Philippines

      Tel +63 2 632 4444

      Fax +63 2 636 2444

      www.adb.org

      For orders, please contact:

      Public Information Center

      Fax +63 2 636 2648

      adbpub@adb.org

      Contents

      List of Tables, Figures, and Boxes

      Tables

      Figures

      Boxes

      Appendix Tables

      Acknowledgment

      This paper was prepared by Om Prakash Mathur, distinguished professor of urban economics, National Institute of Urban Affairs, New Delhi for the International Policy Workshop on Urban Poverty and Inclusive Cities in Asia, organized by ADB and held on 24–25 June 2013 at Suqian, People’s Republic of China, and financed by a regional technical assistance project on Promoting Partnership for South–South Cooperation.

      The author wishes to thank ADB staff Armin Bauer, Jörn Brömmelhörster, and Florian Steinberg for their guidance and comments.

      The author wishes to thank also Dibyendu Samanta for his assistance in the preparation of this paper and Usha Mathur for word processing the script.

      About the Author

      Om Prakash Mathur is a distinguished professor of urban economics at the National Institute of Urban Affairs, New Delhi, India. He held the Infrastructure Development Finance Company chair in urban economics and finance at the National Institute of Public Finance and Policy, New Delhi for over 15 years. He served from 1978 to 1984 as senior economic planner at the United Nations Centre for Regional Development, Nagoya, Japan; and from 1975 to 1978 as a United Nations senior regional planning adviser and project manager with the Government of Iran. Professor Mathur holds a master’s degree in economics from the Delhi School of Economics and has done graduate work at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; and Harvard University, Cambridge.

      Professor Mathur is a member of the Prime Minister’s National Review Committee on the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM). He is also a member of the advisory committee of the ADB-GTZ Programme on City Development Initiative for Asia (CDIA) and of the advisory committee of the World Bank’s Global City Indicators Facility (GCIF).

      The author can be reached at opmathur@niua.org.

      Abbreviations

      One in seven people worldwide live in poverty in urban areas, and most of them live in the global South—in overcrowded informal settlements that lack adequate water, sanitation, security, health care and schools. People there endure poor living and working conditions, low incomes and inadequate diets, which all add up to large health burdens or premature deaths. On top of these problems, the urban poor have little voice and few means to influence the policies and pressures that work against their interests.

      Governments and aid agencies often fail to understand and provide for the urban poor because of the way they define and measure poverty, using systems based on the $1 per day poverty line. This greatly understates the scale and depth of urban poverty—set a poverty line too low and poverty seems to disappear. Such simplistic measures also take no account of the full dimensions of what poverty actually means to people who live it.

      Urban Poverty in the Global South

      Mitlin and Satterthwaite (2013)

      1 Introduction

      Developing Asia has achieved spectacular progress in reducing poverty. Between 1990 and 2010, Asia lifted 786 million people out of poverty, bringing down the headcount ratio to 20.8% from a high of 55.2%. In 2010, Asia’s share of the poor in the world’s (developing countries) total poor stood at 62.4%, roughly equal to its share in population, yet still an impressive performance since 1990 when Asia accounted for 81.0% of the world’s poor.

      Despite this spectacular performance, poverty remains a formidable challenge for Asia. According to the World Bank, 758 million people in Asia are still below the $1.25 poverty line. Indeed, based on numbers of the poor and their share, global poverty is often viewed as a predominantly Asian phenomenon. Sub-Saharan Africa’s (SSA) share of the world’s poor is 34% while the other two regions—Latin America–Caribbean and

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