Contact

Contact

50 Verified Encounters with the Virgin

Mary Across 2000 Years and Around the World

R.A. Varghese

228 Park Ave S

PMB 19611

New York, New York 10003-1502

ISBN 9781736444757

Copyright © 2021 by R.A. Varghese

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Roy Abraham Varghese.

Published July 2021

R.A. Varghese is the author and/or editor of sixteen books on the interface of science, philosophy, and religion. His Cosmos, Bios, Theos, included contributions from 24 Nobel Prize-winning scientists. Time magazine called Cosmos the year’s most intriguing book about God. Cosmic Beginnings and Human Ends, a subsequent work, won a Templeton Book Prize for "Outstanding Books in Science and Natural Theology." Varghese’s The Wonder of the World was endorsed by leading thinkers including two Nobelists and was the subject of an Associated Press story. He co-authored There is a God—How the World’s Most Notorious Atheist Changed His Mind with Antony Flew. His most recent work, The Missing Link, a study of consciousness, thought and the human self, includes contributions from three Nobel Prize winners and scientists from Oxford, Cambridge, Harvard, and Yale.

For

Rachel – Little Lamb

Mary – Exalted of God

Michael – Who is like God

and our grandson

May the Virgin extend her maternal mantle over their lives and lead them to the Triune God

Contact!

50 Verified Encounters with the Virgin Mary Across 2000 Years and Around the World

Foreword – Most Rev. David L. Ricken, DD, JCL, Bishop of Green Bay, Wisconsin, Bishop Ricken declared the apparition of Our Lady of Good Help as worthy of belief making it the only ecclesiastically approved Marian apparition in the United States of America

One Appearance, Many Encounters – The Once and Future Queen

The Jewish Queen-Mother in Scripture and Ancient Christianity

The Virgin Commissioned as Mother of the Faithful

The Virgin Mother in History

The Evidence is In – Case Closed

Everywhere, Every time 50 Verified Encounters with the Virgin from Around the World

Overview

Chronology

Online

One and Many – The Encounters Arranged as a Rosary

First decade –Top Ten Global Encounters

Our Lady of Guadalupe, Mexico, 1531

Our Lady of Lourdes, France, 1858

Our Lady of Fatima, Portugal, 1917

Our Lady of La Vang, Vietnam, 1798

Our Lady of China, 1900, 1995

Our Lady of Good Health, India, 1500s, 1600s

Our Lady of Mount Carmel, England, 1251

Our Lady of Zeitoun, Egypt, 1968

Our Lady of the Word, Rwanda, 1981-1983

Our Lady of Kazan, Russia, 1579

Second decade – First Century through the 1500s

Our Lady of Pilar, Spain, 40

Our Lady of the Holy Trinity, Asia Minor (Turkey), 238

Our Lady of Le Puy, France, ca. 250

Our Mother and Protectress, India, 335

Our Lady of the Snows, Italy, 352

The Theotokos of Protection/ Pokrov, Turkey, 912

Our Lady of Walsingham, England, 1061

Our Lady of Good Counsel, Italy, 1467

Our Lady of Consolation, Poland, 1578

Our Lady of Good Event (Buen Suceso) of the Purification, Ecuador, 1594

Third decade – Asia/Africa/America

Our Lady of Akita, Japan, 1973

Our Lady of Soufanieh, Syria, 1982-1990

Our Lady of Jerusalem, Israel 1954

Our Lady of Ocotlan, Mexico, 1541

Our Lady of Aparecida, Brazil, 1717

Our Lady of Ransom, India, 1752

Our Lady of Coromoto, Venezuela, 1651

Our Lady of the Rosary of las Lajas, Colombia, 1754

Our Lady of Cuapa, Nicaragua, 1980

Our Lady of the Rosary of San Nicolas, Argentina, 1983-1990

Fourth decade – Europe

Our Lady of Czestochowa, the Black Madonna, Poland, 1382, 1920

Our Lady of Šiluva, Lithuania, 1608

Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal, France, 1830

Our Lady of Zion, Italy, 1842

Our Lady of La Salette, France, 1846

Our Lady of Hope, France, 1871

Our Lady of Knock, Ireland, 1879

Our Lady of the Golden Heart, Belgium, 1932

The Virgin of the Poor, Belgium, 1933

Our Lady of Hrushiv, Ukraine, 1914, 1987

Fifth decade – Global

Our Lady of the Guard, Genoa, Italy 1490

Our Lady of the Miracles of Caacupé, Paraguay, 1500s

Our Lady of Lichen, Poland, 1815, 1830

Our Lady of All Help, France, 1652

Our Lady of Happy Meetings, France, 1664

Our Lady of Good Help, USA, 1859

Our Lady, Help of Christians, Czech Republic, 1866

The Lady in White of Tra Kieu, Vietnam, 1885

The Virgin of Revelation, Italy, 1947

Flame of Love of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, Hungary, 1960

The Message

Appendix – An Encounter with Preliminary Approval

Queen of Peace, Medjugorje-Bosnia, 1981-Present

Reference

The New Eve in History and Today

Faith and Works, Mediation and Intercession

Divine Directive or Diabolic Deception? Idols or Icons?

Church Criteria for Evaluating the Authenticity of Apparitions (includes the author’s interview with Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger, the future Pope Benedict XVI)

Acknowledgements

If I saw an angel come down to teach us good, and I was convinced from others seeing him that I was not mad, I should believe in design.

- Charles Darwin, Letter to Asa Gray in The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin

I do not think our cures can compete with those at Lourdes. There are so many more people who believe in the miracle of the Blessed Virgin than in the existence of the unconscious.

- Sigmund Freud, New Introductory Lectures on Psycho-Analysis

I had read a lot about the fashions and frivolity of Paris. These were in evidence in every street, but the churches stood noticeably apart from these scenes. A man would forget the outside noise and bustle as soon as he entered one of these churches. His manner would change, he would behave with dignity and reverence as he passed someone kneeling before the image of the Virgin. The feeling I had then has since been growing on me, that all this kneeling and prayer could not be mere superstition; the devout souls kneeling before the Virgin could not be worshipping mere marble. I have an impression that I felt then that by this worship they were not detracting from, but increasing, the glory of God.

- Mahatma Gandhi, My Experiments with Truth: An Autobiography

I had some stunning thoughts last night, the result of studying Tolstoi, Spengler, New Testament and also the result of praying to St. Mary to intercede for me to make me stop being a maniacal drunkard ... So far, every prayer addressed to the Holy Mother has been answered ... But I do want to point out, the reason I think she intercedes so well for us, is because she too is a human being.

- Jack Kerouac, Letter to Bob Giroux, February 1963

Is Christ only to be adored? Or is the holy Mother of God rather not to be honored? This is the woman who crushed the Serpent’s head. Hear us. For your Son denies you nothing.

- Martin Luther, Last Sermon at Wittenberg, January 1546

Love gave her a thousand names

- Flemish hymn on the titles of Mary

The Lord, the apostles and the prophets have taught us that we must venerate in the first place the Holy Mother of God, who is above all the heavenly powers. If any one does not confess that the holy, ever virgin Mary, really and truly the Mother of God, is higher than all creatures visible and invisible, and does not implore with a sincere faith, her intercession, given her powerful access to our God born of her, let him be anathema.

- Seventh Ecumenical Council (accepted by Protestants, Catholics and Orthodox) of the undivided Church, [Second Council of Nicaea]

It is not every spirit, my dear people, that you can trust; test them, to see if they come from God; ... you can tell the spirits that come from God by this: every spirit which acknowledges that Jesus the Christ has come in the flesh is from God. 1 John 4:1-3.

Then the dragon was enraged with the woman and went away to make war on the rest of her children, that is, all who obey God’s commandments and bear witness for Jesus. Revelation 12:17.

Foreword

Most Rev. David L. Ricken, DD, JCL, Bishop of Green Bay, Wisconsin

Bishop Ricken declared the apparition of Our Lady of Good Help as worthy of belief making it the only ecclesiastically approved Marian apparition in the United States of America

Greetings in the Lord Jesus!

I am very pleased to write this forward to Contact!, Roy Varghese’s most recent book which tells the story of fifty verified encounters of the Blessed Virgin Mary throughout history. This book is an excellent resource for those who wish to hear what Mary is saying to us and to see how she always leads us closer to her divine Son Jesus.

One of the highlights of my life and ministry as a bishop was the small part I played in bringing the apparition of Our Lady of Good Help, also known as Our Lady of Champion to its current status as the only ecclesiastically approved site of Marian apparition in the United States. Building upon the work of my predecessor bishops in northeastern Wisconsin, and after a thorough examination by three Mariological experts, in 2010 I officially declared that the apparitions near the small town of Champion were worthy of belief. And that it is reasonable to believe that in 1859 Mary had appeared to a young Belgian American woman named Adele Brise. Furthermore that from that humble experience lives were changed and saved. This declaration was easy for me to make, since it only served to confirm what was already a deeply held and long lasting belief of the People of God living in the Diocese of Green Bay. Mary had indeed appeared here.

How fitting and reasonable it is for us to believe these things. If Mary was preserved from the stain of sin by her Immaculate Conception, and if consequently she was kept from the pain and decay of death and Assumed into Heaven, then it is altogether fitting that she in her glorified body can appear. And appear she does, throughout the world, at different times and places, yet always with the same message of faith, hope and charity. And she often warns us to turn back to our faith in Jesus Christ and to seek his salvation before it is too late.

Mary always points to Jesus. This is her whole task as the Theotokos, or God bearer. Her example of saying yes to God when he called and her Motherly tenderness in interceding for the Church is a powerful example for us on how to live the Christian life. Mary indeed is the highest honor of our race! And she has appeared amongst us.

When you read Contact!, I urge you to ponder the fact that these apparitions actually did happen. The veil of heaven was pulled back for a brief moment and the Mother of God spoke to us. Let us follow Mary’s example of faith, and always do the will of her divine Son Jesus.

Sincerely Yours in Christ,

One Appearance, Many Encounters

The Once and Future Queen

Hic iacet Arthurus, rex quondam, rexque futurus Here lies Arthur, king once, and king to be.

Sir Thomas Malory, Le Morte d’Arthur 21:7

Then the angel said to her, Do not be afraid, Mary, for you have found favor with God. Behold, you will conceive in your womb and bear a son … the Lord God will give him the throne of David his father". (Luke 1:30-32)

"A great sign appeared in the sky, a woman clothed with the sun, with the moon under her feet, and on her head a crown of twelve stars. She was with child". (Revelation 12:1-2)

"Then the dragon became angry with the woman and went off to wage war against the rest of her offspring". (Revelation 12:17)

This is the story of the contact, of the terrestrial touching the celestial. The point of Contact is the Virgin Mary, the Mother of Jesus of Nazareth. Jesus said of her to his disciple, Behold, your mother. She is the contact person sent by her Son, her heavenly Father and her Spouse the Holy Spirit. She is the one who makes contact with us.

The Contact, by which we mean the act of making contact, is one and many at the same time. The fundamental manifestation of the Contact is the Appearance in the Sky that we see in Chapter 12 of the biblical Book of Revelation. Here we see the Appearance of the Woman Clothed with the Sun, the Bearer of the King of Creation, the Mother sent to protect her other progeny from their Adversary, the Devil.

But this Appearance of Revelation 12 unveils itself in a multitude of locales and eras, in hearts and minds, in healings and conversions, prophecies and promises. Above all, these manifest the Contact made by a Mother who constantly hastens to the rescue of her children beset by travails and threats to their safety, sanctity and salvation.

The salvific Death of her Son took place once in history. But it manifests itself continually. Saul, Saul, why do you persecute me? Those who …have fallen away … are recrucifying the Son of God for themselves and holding him up to contempt. (Hebrews 6:4,6.) A Lamb that seemed to have been slain. (Revelation 5:6).

In like manner, the Appearance of Revelation 12 is a continual appearance mirrored in multiple channels and vehicles and settings.

For clarity’s sake, we have focused on fifty global channels of the Contact, fifty encounters with the Appearance, that span every era from the first century to the present. Each one of them, like the thousands of others reported through every century, tell us the same tale of maternal protection. Am I not here who am your Mother, she said in 16th century Mexico to a fearful native of that land.

The Mother of Revelation 12 is not simply Our Lady of Fatima or Our Lady of Lourdes, a European phenomenon. She is the Virgin of Guadalupe (Mexico, 1531), the Healing Mother of Vailankanni (India, 1500s and 1600s), Our Lady of Kazan (Russia, 1579), Our Lady of LaVang (Vietnam, 1798), Our Lady of China (1900), Our Lady of Akita (Japan, 1973), and Our Lady of the Word (Kibeho, Rwanda, 1981). Neither are all her verified encounters recent. She came to St. James the Greater in Spain in 40 A.D. and to the ancient Christian community of India in 335 A.D.; as Our Lady of the Snows in Rome in 352; as the Theotokos of Protection (Pokrov) in Constantinople in 912 A.D.; as Our Lady of Walsingham in England circa 1061 and as Our Lady of Mount Carmel (again in England) in 1251.

In modern times, the verified encounters with the Virgin Mother have been collectively witnessed by tens of thousands and sometimes hundreds of thousands of witnesses. This was the case at Fatima (Portugal, 1917) where the Miracle of the Sun was witnessed by 70,000 people; at Zeitoun, (Egypt, 1968) where she was seen (and photographed) by several hundred thousand people of every religion; and Hrushiv (1987, Ukraine) where she was seen not only by hundreds of thousands of people but on national TV. In Akita (Japan, 1973), the statue of the Virgin was seen shedding tears on TV by 12 million Japanese viewers.

The encounters documented here barely scratch the surface of the accounts of the Contact. Ralph McInerny notes that there are two thousand such stories of ancient encounters with the Virgin in Latin; another five hundred in verse and six hundred in prose in old French; and numerous others in Anglo-Norman, English, German, Norse and Spanish. In Miracles of Mary, Michael S. Durham writes that the Virgin Mary has appeared more than 21,000 times in the past ten centuries. The French paper Le Monde even said there were 21,000 claims of apparitions between 1976 and 1986!

The stories told here, we claim, are verified encounters. But who does the verifying? Scientific verification in the strictest sense applies only to the world of quantities (from quarks to genes) and their measurement; this is the true nature of modern science as astutely explained in the recent book The Knowledge Machine by Michael Strevens. Such quantitative measurement procedures are impossible to apply in the world of persons, encounters, testimonies and nature-transcending phenomena attesting to the Contact.

Nevertheless, the verification applied to the encounters with the Virgin is analogous to the rules of science.

First, there is the phenomenon, the appearance of the Virgin. It is this phenomenon that has to be explained. In science, we start with a specific phenomenon as well and try to explain it. For instance, we observe matter in motion and try to explain why and how this happens.

Second, in scientific practice, a theory is proposed to explain the phenomenon and the theory is analyzed by peers. In the case of the claimed appearance, Church-appointed committees critically study the credibility of the witness and the consistency and coherence of their claims. In this situation, the Church plays the role of judge, jury and prosecutor. The witness is considered guilty until proven innocent. It may be asked if the Church can be relied on to play this role.

In almost all instances of such claims, Church authorities have been skeptical. At the best of times, the Church is reluctant to share its authority with any other source. Neither does it want to be a party to something that turns out to be fraudulent or a diabolic deception. Hence its default position has been critical. The historian David Blackbourn notes that, For all historians of the subject, clerical approval has created superior documentation. Likewise, Yale historian Jaroslav Pelikan writes that, The miraculous powers of the Virgin of Lourdes and the Virgin of Fatima have received certification at the highest level of authority.

The veracity of all the encounters chronicled here have been certified by Church authorities.

Thirdly, and most importantly, for a theory to pass scientific muster it must make successful predictions and be repeatable by anyone. Newton’s laws of motion made predictions which can and have been verified; and experiments that assume the truth of the theory can be repeated by anyone (as shown by the success of space flight for instance). In the case of encounters with the Virgin, there is prediction and repeatability of a certain kind, namely, continuing phenomena that transcend the laws of nature. These include the enduring signs/smoking guns documented in many of the encounters listed here, such as the miraculous images of Guadalupe or las Lajas, that cannot be explained from the standpoint of science. In addition, there are the miracles experienced in the various encounter sites to this day. The only explanation of the smoking guns and the continuing miracles lies in the existence of a supernatural order of being of which the Contact is a witness.

It is these three confirmation principles that in one way or another underlie the fifty encounters reviewed here.

But first some questions: who is the Virgin and why was she sent? How do we know if her mission is of God? And do we know if any of this is true?

The questions have clear and cogent answers. We treat these in more detail in the Reference section. For now we present a few quick responses before turning to the hard data that testify to the Contact.

The Jewish Queen-Mother in Scripture and Ancient Christianity

Our first glimpse of the Virgin Mary is in the Gospels. Mary of Nazareth is Jewish like her Son and his disciples and the earliest leaders of the new Faith. Too often, we have forgotten this in the case of both the Virgin and her Son.

Perhaps the greatest breakthrough in biblical studies over the last three decades has been the discovery of the Jewish Jesus. A May 2008 Time story described this as one of the ten ideas that are changing the world. To understand what Jesus of Nazareth said and did and how he was perceived we must understand first the theological thought-world and symbol-universe in which he lived, spoke and acted. He was Jewish and lived in the world of Second Temple Judaism. Now this might seem obvious but incredibly most of the leading lights in the history of New Testament criticism seemed entirely oblivious to it. As a result they created a Jesus of their own imagination and in their image – a German Jesus or a hippie Jesus, to give two examples, instead of the Jewish Jesus of first century Palestine. They missed the meaning of his affirmations, teachings and actions as understood by his contemporaries. Fortunately, a re-discovery of the Jewish Jesus is now in progress.

In like manner, many Christians today have also ignored the Jewish identity of the Mother of Jesus, Mary of Nazareth. Of central importance here is the understanding of the first Christians – formed by their Jewish legacy – that she was the New Eve, the Ark of the Covenant and the Queen-Mother. All three dimensions are important in understanding the Contact.

The process of re-discovering the Jewish Mary has finally begun. Jesus and the Jewish Roots of Mary by the New Testament scholar Brante Pitre is a pioneering work in this area. Pitre says, Judaism is especially important for understanding Mary.… Every book on Mary that rejected Catholic beliefs as unbiblical invariably ignored the Old Testament background of what the New Testament says about Mary.… The reason so many people can’t see how biblical Catholic beliefs about Mary really are is because they are only looking at what the New Testament says about her, and ignoring the prefigurations of Mary in the Old Testament. Keep looking at the New Testament in isolation, and you’ll never understand who Mary really is. Start looking at Mary through ancient Jewish eyes, and everything becomes clear.¹

Among other things, in his writings, Pitre highlights the importance for the first Christians of the Virgin’s status as Queen-Mother:

The first Christians did not get their beliefs about Mary from the celestial goddesses of paganism. "It got them from Judaism. In order to see this clearly, you have to look at Mary through ancient Jewish eyes. You have to look at Mary in light of what the Old Testament says about the Jewish Queen.

In ancient Israel, the king did not rule alone. There was also a queen. However, the queen was not the king’s wife, but his mother. She was known as the Queen Mother—in Hebrew, the gebirah.

To get an idea of just how important the Queen Mother was, consider what the Bible says about Bathsheba, the wife of King David and mother of King Solomon.

When Bathsheba comes into David’s presence, she bows to him as her king (1 Kings 1:15-16). But after David dies and Solomon her son becomes king, the tables are turned. Now, when Bathsheba comes into Solomon’s presence, he bows to her (1 Kings 2:19)! The king himself honors his mother because she is queen.

But it doesn’t stop there. King Solomon also has a throne brought in, so that his mother can sit at his right hand (1 Kings 2:19). Everyone knew what this meant. The Queen Mother was the most powerful person in the kingdom—second only to the king himself.

That’s why when the Queen Mother asks a favor of Solomon, he answers: Make your request, my mother, for I will not refuse you (1 Kings 2:20).

What does all this mean for who Mary was, and how Christians see her today?

First, if Jesus really was the long-awaited Jewish King—the Messiah—then his mother was the Jewish Queen.

That’s what it would have meant to a Jewish girl like Mary when the angel Gabriel told her that her son would sit on the throne of his father David (Luke 1:33). As mother of the new King, Mary would be the new Queen Mother.

It’s also why the book of Revelation describes the mother of the Messiah as a woman in heaven wearing a crown of twelve stars (Revelation 12:1-2). The crown shows she is a queen, and the twelve stars symbolize the people of Israel.

Second, if Mary is the new Queen Mother, then it makes sense to honor her. After all, Honor your father and your mother is one of the Ten Commandments (Exodus 20:12).

It isn’t idolatry to honor the queen. If the queens of earthly kingdoms are honored and loved by their people, then how much more the Queen Mother of the Kingdom of God?

Finally, if Mary is the Queen Mother of Jesus’ Kingdom, then she is certainly no ordinary woman. She is, quite literally, the most powerful woman in the universe. She is the true Queen of Heaven.

And Mary is still alive in heaven. (After all, we call it eternal life—not death.). As Queen Mother, Mary sits at Jesus’ right hand. And, like King Solomon, Jesus will not refuse her requests.

That’s why, since ancient times, Christians have asked Mary to pray for them. Consider the words of the most ancient Christian prayer to Mary we possess, written in Greek and discovered in the early 20th century on a scrap of papyrus:

Under your mercy, we take refuge, O Mother of God. Do not disregard our prayers in time of trouble, but deliver us from danger, O only pure one, only blessed one. (Anonymous Christian Prayer, 3rd-4th century)

If Jesus really is the King he claimed to be, and Mary really is the Queen Mother, then it makes sense to ask her to intercede with her Son for us and for a world in need. ²

The consolidation of the canon of the New Testament took place only in the fourth century and was, in fact, guided by a body of truth that came before it. This body of truth, held by the faithful from the very beginning, included the doctrines and devotions relating to the Mother of Jesus. Even a critic of Marian devotion like the Baptist Albert Mohler acknowledged that forms of Marian devotion can be traced to the earliest periods of church history.³

The catacombs of the Christian martyrs of the second and third centuries not only show images representing the scriptural stories but also images of the Virgin in which her mediation is invoked for protection and defense. We get some idea of what the early Christians thought about the Virgin Mary from prayers like the famous Sub Tuum Praesidium, found in an Egyptian papyrus from approximately 250 A.D., that formed part of the Coptic Christmas liturgy: We fly to thy patronage, O holy Mother of God; despise not our petitions in our necessities, but deliver us always from all dangers, O glorious and blessed Virgin. Amen. Churches in ancient Israel highlighted the connection between Jesus and Mary: Archaeologists have unearthed a 1,500-year-old inscribed Christian blessing that begins, ‘Christ, born of Mary,’ the Israel Antiquities Authority reported Wednesday (Jan. 20, 2021).… The church itself dates to the late fifth century A.D.… The opening line, Christ born of Mary, was likely intended to protect the reader of the inscription from evil forces.⁴ The Jerusalem Post notes that The words Christ born of Mary were widely used at the beginning of documents or other forms of text, serving as a blessing and protection from evil.⁵

Collectively, the teachings of the earliest Fathers, Councils and liturgies show us a historic Christian consensus about the Virgin Mary that emerged from the very beginning and extended over the first fifteen hundred years of Christendom. It was a consensus that the New Testament reveals a Mary who was the Immaculate (Council of Constantinople III), All-holy (Nicaea II), Perpetually Virgin (Constantinople III) Mother of God (Ephesus, Chalcedon), Mother of Humanity and Intercessor before the Trinity (Nicaea II); she was the New Eve with Jesus the New Adam and, as New Eve, Mother of all Christians.

The historic Christian consensus on Marian doctrine and devotion, therefore, is the scriptural understanding of Mary proclaimed by the Fathers, ancient liturgies and Councils. If we reject that understanding then consistency demands that we also reject their understanding of such doctrines as the Blessed Trinity or the two natures and one Person in Christ. These latter doctrines are not taught in so many words by Scripture but the people who were closest to the human authors of Scripture understood these authors to be teaching certain doctrines about the Triune God, the incarnate Son of God and the Blessed Virgin. These doctrines stand or fall together: picking and choosing is neither logically nor historically defensible.

The historic Christian consensus on Mary as Mother of God, perpetually virgin and personally holy was inherited and accepted by the architects of the Protestant Reformation, Martin Luther, John Calvin and Ulrich Zwingli. (We will be considering their views of mediation in the Reference section.)

But the ancient veneration of the Virgin has been lost in modern times. Did this loss come about from a re-discovery of what the Bible teaches? The answer is No since the faithful in ancient times were familiar not just with the New Testament narratives but, sometimes, with the authors of these narratives. Moreover, if the Christian community had been wrong for all these centuries in its fundamental beliefs about the Virgin Mary, then there is no reason to believe it was right on any other doctrine including the doctrine of the Trinity. The doctrines and devotions relating to the Virgin Mary, then, are inextricably intertwined with Christianity as a whole.

Affirmation of the appearances of the Virgin Mary in history was also ancient. The Protestant Evangelical magazine Christianity Today called the claim of an apparition witnessed in Asia Minor in 238 A.D. the first Marian apparition (strictly speaking, it was preceded by a 40 A.D. apparition in Spain).

In the Reference section, we will review the historical understanding of the Virgin as the New Eve and the contemporary renaissance of Marian studies among Christians of every background.

We turn now to the rationale for the Contact.

The Virgin Commissioned as Mother of the Faithful

Mary is the Mother of Jesus and the mother of us all. If Christ is ours, we must be where he is; and all that he has must be ours, and his mother is therefore also ours. ⁶ Martin Luther

When Jesus saw his mother* and the disciple there whom he loved, he said to his mother, Woman, behold, your son. Then he said to the disciple, Behold, your mother. And from that hour the disciple took her into his home. John 19:26-7

A great sign appeared in the sky, a woman clothed with the sun, with the moon under her feet, and on her head a crown of twelve stars. She was with child … Then the dragon stood before the woman about to give birth, to devour her child when she gave birth. She gave birth to a son, a male child, destined to rule all the nations with an iron rod. Her child was caught up to God and his throne.… The huge dragon, the ancient serpent, who is called the Devil and Satan, who deceived the whole world, was thrown down to earth, and its angels were thrown down with it. Then I heard a loud voice in heaven say … The Devil has come down to you in great fury, for he knows he has but a short time. When the dragon saw that it had been thrown down to the earth, it pursued the woman who had given birth to the male child..… Then the dragon became angry with the woman and went off to wage war against the rest of her offspring, those who keep God’s commandments and bear witness to Jesus. Revelation 1-2,4-5, 9-10,12-13, 17

The Gospels spotlight the role played by the Virgin in the earthly mission of her Son. The Gospel of John and the Book of Revelation tell us that this role takes on a new dimension in the work of salvation through the rest of history. We learn in the Epistles that those who accept the divine offer of salvation become adopted brothers and sisters of Jesus filled with the Holy Spirit and thereby children of the Abba Father. But to become an adopted brother or sister of Jesus is to become a child of his Mother. This last feature tells us why her Son tells his beloved disciple, Behold, your mother. As Brant Pitre and other New Testament scholars have pointed out, the beloved disciple in John represents all disciples. The Beloved Disciple represents every disciple and so Jesus is also giving Mary to all who believe in him—all his beloved disciples."⁷

The Book of Revelation consolidates the understanding that