A Dog For The Job

Copyright © 2022 (Noreen R Clark)

All rights reserved worldwide.

No part of the book may be copied or changed in any format, sold, or used in a way other than what is outlined in this book, under any circumstances, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

Publisher: Inspiring Publishers,

P.O. Box 159, Calwell, ACT Australia 2905

Email: publishaspg@gmail.com

http://www.inspiringpublishers.com

National Library of Australia The Prepublication Data Service

Author:  Noreen R Clark

Title:  A DOG FOR THE JOB

  Australia’s Cattle Dogs, their colonial and later history

Genre:   Non-fiction

ISBN:   978-1-922792-44-0

1. Australian Cattle Dog - Australia - History

2. Australian Stumpy Tail Cattle Dog - Australia - History

FOREWORD

Nearly 20 years on from the release of A Dog Called Blue, Noreen Clark has again demonstrated why she is the premier historian of Australia’s cattle dogs and their forebears. A Dog for the Job picks up where A Dog Called Blue left off in 2003. Noreen humbly acknowledges the misguided deductions of both herself and others in earlier publications.

Noreen’s depth of breed knowledge as a former long time breeder of Australian Cattle Dogs, alongside her professionally developed skills both as scientist and librarian, has allowed her to access, interpret and verify information with a thoroughness not previously achieved. She has dispelled some entrenched myths and provided a much clearer overall picture of the development of Australian Cattle Dogs and Australian Stumpy Tail Cattle Dogs. Further, by considering the societal structure and lifestyle of the colonial period, Noreen has been able to give insight into the evolution of the ancestors of the modern Australian Cattle Dog and Australian Stumpy Tail Cattle Dog.

Noreen’s analysis of the writings of Robert Kaleski and the comparison of his earlier works to those of his latter years (post 1920s) is overdue. She disproves unlikely assertions, such as the Dalmatian infusion in the breed foundation, along with the mistaken belief that the Australian Cattle Dog and Australian Stumpy Tail Cattle Dog do not share a common ancestry. Her summation chapter Gathering the threads is essential reading.

I remain in awe of the effort that Noreen has devoted to rectifying the questionable and out of date. When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable, must be the truth. A Dog for the Job proves this.

Connie Redhead

Landmaster Australian Cattle Dog Kennels

CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

IMAGE CREDITS

ILLUSTRATIONS

PREFACE

INTRODUCTION

1. THE AUSTRALIAN DINGO

2. NEW SOUTH WALES COLONIAL DOGS

3. THE TASMANIAN SMITHFIELD

4. ROBERT LUCIAN STANISLAUS KALESKI (1877-1961)

5. KALESKI’S BURROWING

6. GEORGE HALL (1764-1840)

7. THE HALL EMPIRE c.1810-c.1840

The Birth of the Halls Heeler

8. THE HALLS AND THE HALLS HEELER AFTER 1840

The Kaleski Dogma

9. KALESKI: THE STORYTELLER

Bronze-wing, the Scrub Pigeon

10. SHOW TIME

11. KALESKI ON CATTLE DOGS

post-1930 Kaleski Dogma

12. BREED STANDARDS

13. DOGS, SHOWS AND BREEDERS TO 1950

New South Wales

Queensland

Victoria

The Power of the Press

Interstate preferences

First export?

Women in the Cattle Dog world

Dog names

14. THE AUSTRALIAN CATTLE DOG SINCE WORLD WAR II.

15. BETTY SOUTHALL (1914-2008)

Mustering in Western Queeensland

16. THE AUSTRALIAN STUMPY TAIL CATTLE DOG

17. GATHERING THE THREADS

APPENDIX 1: Kaleski’s publications on dogs 1902-1958

CATTLE DOGS Introduction to the Cattle Dog breed standard 1903 and 1910

CATTLE DOGS A champion breeder’s account of him 1907

THE WORKING DOGS OF AUSTRALIA 1911

WHENCE CAME AUSTRALIAN DOGS? 1930

THE AUSTRALIAN CATTLE DOG His share in the pioneering of Australia and his origin 1935

FOUNDATION DOGS OF AUSTRALIA 1938

CATTLE DOG Dogs of the World 1947 pp. 11-15

THE CATTLE DOG Walkabout Magazine December 1949

OUR PROSPERITY RESTS ON DOGS The Blue Speckle Cattle Dog 1950

CATTLE DOGS The Australian Encyclopaedia 1958, 1963 and 1965

APPENDIX 2: Breed Standards

CATTLE DOGS Robert Kaleski

AUSTRALIAN CATTLE DOG Australian National Kennel Council, 1 January 1963

CATTLE DOG Cattle Dog and Kelpie Club of Queensland, current in 1923

Long tail variety

Stumpy tail variety

CATTLE DOG (Stumpy Tail) Breed Standard said to date from 1934 Collis 1999

STUMPY-TAIL CATTLE DOG Australian National Kennel Council, 1 January, 1963

APPENDIX 3: Excerpts from Collis (1999)

ABBREVIATIONS

REFERENCES

ENDNOTES

INDEX

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

A Dog for the Job grew from A Dog Called Blue. At first, not a particularly robust plant, but it gained strength and vigour as time went on from the generous support and encouragement given it by:

and particularly by Helen Hewson-Fruend (1938-2007) and A. J. (Bert) Howard (1927-2022).

IMAGE CREDITS

Photos

Sue Dickerson: Tirlta Peace of Mind; Tirlta Dartbrook.

C. B. George: Tisiphone, Eurydice; Minos.

David Hancock: Blue working dog of a type found in Britain c.1990.

Iris Heale: Gibson Lady Blue; Hillview Brighton Boy; Sunny Boy; Glen Iris Red Ember; Glen Iris Stumpy.

Helen Hewson-Fruend: Repeat matings from dogs with different percentages of blood and the outcomes.

A. J. Howard: Halls Heeler, born c.1890; Working cattle dogs of probable Halls Heeler descent, c. 1940; Thomas Simpson Hall (1808-1870).

Peter Kaleski: Inscription in a copy of Kaleski’s Barkers and Biters 1914.

Bernadette Merchant: Woodglen Fire Tail; Ambajaye High Tail It.

Graham Rigby: Tasmanian Smithfields.

Monica Shifflet: Cover of Australian Barkers and Biters 1914.

Hilton Sinclair: Berrilyn Nettle with foster kids; Berrilyn Happy; Berrilyn Breton.

Betty Southall: Geraldmine Ugy Bear.

Leila Watson: Neangah Royal Mitzi.

Kath Williamson (Scholtes): Tirlta Wasting Light.

Halls Heeler born c.1890 on Blairmore, a former Hall property. (A. J. Howard)

Publications

Calthorpe (formerly Dartbrook) House c. 1890. (Warner, R. M. 1990. Over-Halling the Colony plate 19)

Robert Kaleski (1877-1961). (Kaleski, R. L. 1933. Australian Barkers and Biters)

Jack (Sydney Mail 16 April 1898)

Rowdy and Blue Fly. (RAS Annual 1908)

Nipper (Sir Bedivere 1903. The Australian Cattle Dog. The Town and Country Journal. 9 September 1903, p. 34)

Floss (Sir Bedivere 1903. The Australian Cattle Dog. The Town and Country Journal. 9 September 1903, p. 34)

Danger (Rose, J. H. 1908. The Australian Cattle Dog, RAS Annual 1908 p. 233-237)

Nugget (Kaleski, R. L. 1933. Australian Barkers and Biters, p. 81)

Silent Jack. (Sydney Mail 23 August 1922 p. 17)

Working cattle dog with possible Smithfield ancestry. (Sydney Mail 5 January 1927 p. 5)

Robert Kaleski’s Thornhill Tiger (Kaleski, R.L Australian Barkers and Biters 1933 p. 79)

Some Rock. (Sydney Mail 18 April 1938 p. 30)

Nebo Rock. (Sydney Mail 22 April 1936 p. 38)

Nebo Rock. (Edwards, C. A. 1995. Old Timers 1995, p. 64)

Mrs W. W. Campbell. (Sydney Mail Wednesday 15 October 1930 p. 33)

Stumpy Tail Cattle Dog. (Courier Mail Dog Book, p. 8. Brisbane, Queensland Newspapers, 1938)

Little Gem. (American Kennel Gazette 1 September 1930)

Little Logic. (Kennel Control Council 1973. Dogs of Australia)

Oatley Peter. (Edwards, C. A. 1995. Old Timers, p. 239)

Young Autocrat. (Edwards, C. A. 1995. Old Timers, p. 238)

Bobby Blue. (Edwards, C. A. 1995. Old Timers, p. 240)

Logic Return. (Edwards, C. A. 1995. Old Timers, p. 64)

Trueblue Patches. (Edwards, C. A. 1995. Old Timers, p. 135)

Broombees Bobby. (Edwards, C. A. 1995. Old Timers, p. 201)

Wooleston Blue Jack. (Harling, D. & D. 1986. Australian Cattle Dogs, p. 69)

Wooleston Blue Jock. (Harling, D. & D. 1986. Australian Cattle Dogs, p. 65)

Wooleston Blue Jenny. (Kennel Control Council, 1973. Dogs of Australia)

Tallawong Blue Jenny (Hewart, T. 1973. The Champions p. 26)

Dustyroad Toby. (National Dog Annual 1983 p. 4)

Taits Glen Bonita. (Edwards, C. A. 1995. Old Timers p.186)

Taits Glen Susy. (Edwards, C. A. 1995. Old Timers p.186)

The Cur dog. (Bewick, T. A. 1807. A General History of the Quadrupeds. p. 329)

The Shepherd’s dog. (Bewick, T. A. 1807. A General History of the Quadrupeds p. 327)

A Scotch Bob-tailed Sheep Dog. (Shaw, V. 1881. The Illustrated Book of the Dog, p. 81)

Old English Sheepdog . (Beilby, W. 1897. The Dogs of Australasia, p. 304)

Early engraving of the dingo. (Bewick, T. 1807. A General History of Quadrupeds, p. 319)

Rock painting of a dingo and ancestral figure, Laura region, Queensland. (Fillios, M. and Taçon, P. 2016. Who let the dogs in? Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports. p. 7 fig. 3)

The Shepherds Dog and the Cur. (Edwards, S. T. 1800. Cynographia Britannica)

The dingo, or the Dog of New South Wales, and the Pomeranian Dog. (Edwards, S. T. 1800. Cynographia Britannica)

ILLUSTRATIONS

Frontispiece Inscription in a copy of Kaleski’s Barkers and Biters 1914

Maps

pages 28-29

Reference map of Australia

New South Wales showing early colonial limits and the Limits of Location 1829

Locality map, showing some of the properties held by the George Hall Estate in Queensland and New South Wales

Locality map: Sydney Basin showing localities mentioned in the text

Figures

pages 43-48

Time Line 1788-1903

Family tree of Wooleston Blue Jack showing descent from Little Logic

Family tree of Dustyroad Toby, Tallawong Irish Legend and Tallawong Lavenda Blue showing descent from Wooleston Blue Jack

Part of the Some Rock lineage

Repeat matings from dogs with different percentages of blood and the outcomes

Photos

pages 78-89

Calthorpe (formerly Dartbrook) House c.1890

Robert Kaleski (1877-1961)

Inscription in a copy of Australian Barkers and Biters 1914

Jack, exhibited as a cattle dog at Sydney’s Agricultural Exhibition in 1898

Halls Heeler, born c.1890

Rowdy [1899] and Blue Fly

Nipper [1899]

Floss [1901]

Ch Danger [1903]

Ch Nugget [1908]

Silent Jack [1919]

Working cattle dog with possible Australian Smithfield ancestry

Robert Kaleski’s Thornhill Tiger [192-]

Gd Ch Some Rock [1927]

Interstate Gd Ch Nebo Rock [1929]

Gibson Lady Blue [1929]

Gd Ch Tisiphone [1929], Gd Ch Eurydice [1933] and Gd Ch Minos [1929]

Mrs W. W. Campbell and Gd Ch Miss Valentine [1925]

Stumpy Tail Cattle Dog, illustration by Ian McBain

Gd Ch Little Gem [1926]

Ch Little Logic [1939]

Judge/breeder, Arch Bevis, with Ch Bonnie Blue [1942] and Ch Kenwyn Tiger [1942]

Ch Oatley Peter [1942]

KC & KCC Ch Young Autocrat [1942]

Qld Gd Ch Bobby Blue [1944]

RAS & CCC Ch Logic Return [1949]

Ch Kalamunda Rex Regis [1949]

KCC Ch Neangah Royal Mitzi [1949]

KC & KCC Ch Trueblue Patches [1951]

Ch Hillview Brighton Boy [1953]

Broombees Bobby [1953]

RAS Ch Wooleston Blue Jack [1954]

Berrilyn Nettle [1955]

Berrilyn Happy [1959]

Ch Wooleston Blue Jock [1965]

Ch Wooleston Blue Jenny [1967]

Berrilyn Breton [1970]

Ch Tallawong Blue Jenny [1973]

Ch Dustyroad Toby [1979]

Taits Glen Susy [1965]

Taits Glen Bonita [1962]

Working cattle dogs of probable Halls Heeler descent, c. 1940

Sunny Boy [1944]

Ch Glen Iris Red Ember [1973]

The Cur Dog, 1807

The Shepherd’s Dog, 1807

A Scotch Bob-tailed Sheep Dog, 1807

Old English Sheepdog, 1897

Early engraving of the dingo, 1807

Halls Heeler born c.1890 on Blairmore, a former Hall property.

Coloured photos

pages 116-121

Thomas Simpson Hall (1808-1870)

Ch Glen Iris Stumpy [1990]

Gd Ch Woodglen Fire Tail [1995]

Gd Ch Ambajaye High Tail It [1999]

Blue working dog of a type found in Britain c.1990

Working cattle dog, Cunnamulla area, Qld. 2015

Ch Geraldmine Ugy Bear [1994]

Tasmanian Smithfields

T Ch & O Ch Tirlta Peace of Mind UDX, left, and Ch & O Ch Tirlta Dartbrook UDX

Tirlta Gem of the South

Tirlta Wasting Light

Rock painting of a dingo and ancestral figure

The Shepherds Dog and the Cur

The Dingo, or the Dog of New South Wales

Cover of Australian Barkers and Biters, 1914

PREFACE

A Dog for the Job draws on its predecessor, A Dog Called Blue (2003), but only for the period after c.1870. Discussion of the earlier period is substantially incorrect. This is how it came about.

During the early 1990s I collected Robert Kaleski’s writings on Cattle Dogs, Sydney and Brisbane Royal catalogues, and Queensland stud books. I also had the ANKC pedigree database for Australian Cattle Dogs, running under the Breedmate© pedigree application, to which I had added earlier litter registrations from Queensland, Melbourne and Sydney. (My database forms the basis of the database, Australian Cattle Dog Pedigree, https://www.acdpedigree.com/.) Beyond noting inconsistencies between Kaleski’s early publications and his later ones, I didn’t know how to address the Cattle Dogs’ early development. Then a chain of curious coincidences led me to A. J. (Bert) Howard.

Bert, I was told by Hall family members, was expert on the history of the Halls Heeler, ancestor of the Australian Cattle Dog. He was also, as I discovered during many enjoyable visits, happy to share his knowledge with me for inclusion in A Dog Called Blue. But Bert took most of his information about Australian Cattle Dogs from the Notes from the breed seminar 1978 (Australian Cattle Dog Society of NSW)¹ and Sanderson’s Complete Book of Australian Dogs². Neither drew on primary sources.

Fifteen years after A Dog Called Blue, I revisited Bert’s Kaleski- based assumptions – soon to discover that the Halls could not have imported the Halls Heeler’s British ancestors as Kaleski insisted, Bert’s assumptions now crumbled but his advice to me was, however, excellent: If you want to know how the dogs came about, you must find out what the people were doing, he insisted. Except that they existed and that the Halls depended on them, we know nothing about the Halls Heeler. We don’t know much about the Halls, either. Although active in local public affairs, they did not seek prominence in the larger colonial society of which they were a part. They did not seek a place among the power brokers and the colonial gentry of the day but were satisfied with building a vast cattle empire. Unknowingly, they left behind them a unique legacy: a working dog that made a lasting contribution to Australia’s rural economy, the Halls Heeler.

The Halls Heeler: the name was coined by Robert Kaleski and Kaleski became the authority on Cattle Dogs in 1903 when his breed standard was published. His authority was recognised when he was invited to contribute to The Australian Encyclopaedia. After the late 1920s, however, his writings displayed a lack of cohesion. Unsubstantiated facts and unexplained contradictions appeared, leading one to suspect a possible health concern causing this decline in mental capacity. There are, however, no relevant records so I have offered comparisons of his early and later writings in support. Although Kaleski’s credibility wavered he was endlessly faithful to the Cattle Dog breed. Admiration and respect for his unflagging allegiance to Australia’s working dogs is his entitlement.

The story is a complicated one with many interweaving threads. Chapter 17 Gathering the Threads summarises and collects the threads.

Noreen Clark

Inglewood

Michelago N. S. W.

When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable, must be the truth, said Sherlock Holmes.

(Sir Arthur Conan Doyle: The Sign of the Four)

INTRODUCTION

Dogs arrived in New South Wales with the First Fleet in 1788 and with other shipments of immigrants, both free and convict, in the years that followed. The early canine immigrants included working dogs – stock dogs – of one kind or another but not clearly identifiable with modern breeds. The concept of breed as we now understand it, did not emerge until after the 1850s when dog shows were invented. For the most part dogs were identified by their use and selected for their suitability to the job asked of them. Among the workers of stock were herd guardians and drovers dogs. Herd guardians were large, robust, aggressive dogs, capable of protecting cattle and sheep from marauders. As large, wild predators disappeared from Britain the need for herd guardians also disappeared but the Old English Sheepdog may be a descendant of such dogs.¹ Droving needed, not only a herd protector but a dog with considerable stamina. In his British Dogs (1888) Hugh Dalziel wrote, of the drover’s dog:

In all parts of England and Scotland I have seen drovers, and narrowly scanned their dogs, and I have come to the conclusion that no distinct breed can be justly described as the Drover’s Dog ... the drover utilising for his purpose the kind of dog that comes most readily to hand.²

The New South Wales colonists, like the British herdsman and drovers of the time, also used whatever dogs came to hand and could do the jobs asked of them. The jobs were similar: control and protection of stock in small areas and droving, and protection of cultivated areas from wandering stock. Dingoes, aboriginal hunters and feral domestic dogs preyed on the colonists’ stock, and wandering mobs of cattle trampled cultivated areas. The problem became extreme after Governor Macquarie began selling off government stock in the 1810s, on easy credit, to colonists. Until fencing became widespread, in the later 1820s, grazing stock were followed by herdsmen during the day and confined in yards at night.³ Almost certainly the herdsmen used dogs to control the stock in their care as well as watchdogs, to warn them of approaching aboriginal hunters, escapee convicts and other dangers.

The early colonial working dogs included coarse-haired dogs similar in type to the present day Tasmanian Smithfield as well as the smooth coated, speckled or mottled ancestors of the two Australian Cattle Dog breeds. Ancestors of the Tasmanian Smithfield, a working breed with a strong present day following in Tasmania, may well have been one of the first stock dogs, or even the first, used in the New South Wales colony. The Smithie, as he is commonly known in Tasmania, may share ancestry with the Old English Sheepdog .

The Australian Cattle Dog is the dog breed that Australians most closely identify with – together with his cousin the Australian Stumpy Tail Cattle Dog. Not the Australian Shepherd Dog, an American breed except in name. Not the Australian Kelpie; he came later and more or less ready-made from Scotland. The Australian Cattle Dogs are ours. The Australian Cattle Dog and the Australian Stumpy Tail Cattle Dog share ancestors and early history. The two did not begin to separate into separate breeds until the pressures of the show ring forced recognition of two types: long-tail and short-tail.

The Cattle Dog story is bound up with the story of George Hall and his family, free immigrants to New South Wales who arrived in 1802. The first Cattle Dog breed historian, Robert Kaleski, even named the Cattle Dog’s colonial ancestor after the family: the Halls Heeler. The Halls Heeler’s European ancestors arrived in the same ships that brought the convicts their civilian and military minders, and the early free settlers to the colony. The dingo was already very much at home in Australia with some 6,000 years or more residence behind him but his ancestors and origins were very different from those of the newly arrived European domestic dogs. He was essentially a predator: a hunter, not a herdsman’s or drover’s dog.

The First Fleet sailed from Portsmouth, on England’s south coast, on 13 May 1787, under the command of Captain Arthur Phillip, governor elect of the future colony. The public agenda was that the colony would reduce the overcrowding in Britain’s prisons. A hidden agenda was that the colony might eventually facilitate British trade in the Pacific and there was also an humanitarian view: that the colony would offer felons a chance to rehabilitate themselves and become worthwhile citizens.⁴ The storm-battered convoy straggled in to Botany Bay on 17/20 January 1788. Phillip considered the sandy, arid foreshores of Botany Bay unsuitable for settlement and, after exploring Port Jackson (Sydney Harbour) further north, established settlement there on 26 January. As well as offering magnificent harbourage, Port Jackson had a permanent water supply, the Tank Stream, and arable land. The Colony of New South Wales was formally proclaimed on 7 February 1788. The official ceremony was performed by Judge-Advocate David Collins and marked the formal beginning of the British colony with Phillip as its Governor. Collins gave thanks:

Thus, under the blessing of God, was happily completed, in eight months and one week, a voyage which, before it was undertaken, the mind hardly dared venture to contemplate, and on which it was impossible to reflect without some apprehensions as to its termination.⁵

The route taken, via Rio de Janeiro and the Cape of Good Hope, was determined primarily by the prevailing winds and currents in the Atlantic Ocean. Eleven ships made up the First Fleet. They took animal cargo on board at the Cape, both as food supplies for the rest of the voyage and as foundation for future government herds:

1 bull, 1 bull-calf, 7 cows, 1 stallion, 3 mares and 3 colts, together with as great a number of rams, ewes, goats and boars and breeding sows as room could be provided for were loaded.⁶

Few of the First Fleet sheep survived but pigs, goats and poultry throve. The cattle escaped during the early weeks of the colony and were not seen again until 1797. By then there were several hundred of them and they were described as ferocious and not to be easily approached.⁷ The loss of Second Fleet cattle was high but, in 1795, 131 head of cattle were imported from India to form the basis of the government herd. During the following five years 296 cows were brought in from the Cape Colony and by 1804 the government herd officially numbered 2,000 head.⁸ By 1818, the Rev. Samuel Marsden’s herds were the largest in the colony and included cattle from recognised British breeds. Sheep remained in short supply and an embargo on the export of British sheep remained in place until 1824. Nevertheless some British sheep arrived earlier, either as gifts to individuals or as residual food livestock on various ships, uneaten during the voyage.

The low death rate among convicts on the First Fleet attests to the care given to the planning of the expedition in much of which Phillip was closely involved. Some 1,420 persons embarked of whom about 1,373 survived the voyage. In hideous contrast was the infamy of the Second Fleet two years later. Of the 939 male convicts and 78 females embarked only 692 males and 67 females completed the journey. More than 500 of those who survived the voyage, itself, were sick or dying on arrival. The mortality rate on this fleet was the highest in the history of transportation to Australia: a third of the convict complement on some of the transport vessels. The Third Fleet, in 1791, was less of a disaster but the cumulative effect of two shipments of convicts, with a large proportion of them in ill health, stretched the colony’s limited food supplies. Governor Phillip complained to Lord Grenville, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, as strongly as he dared:

Of the convicts mentioned by your Lordship to be sent out, 1,695 males and 168 females have been landed, with six free women and ten children. It appears by the returns from the Transports that 194 males, 4 females and 1 child died on the passage; and, although the convicts landed from these ships were not so sickly as those brought out last year, the greatest part of them are so emaciated, so worn away by long confinement, or want of food, or from both these causes, that it will be long before they recover their strength, and which many of them never will recover. Your Lordship will readily conceive that this addition to our numbers will for many months be a deadweight on the stores.

The surgeon’s returns of this day are: ‘Under medical treatment and incapable of labour, 626 ... 576 of whom are those landed from the last ships.⁹

The Fourth Fleet is an informal term that collects the various convict transports after 1791 and includes