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    Insight Guides Florida (Travel Guide eBook)
    Insight Guides Florida (Travel Guide eBook)
    Insight Guides Florida (Travel Guide eBook)
    Ebook704 pages5 hours

    Insight Guides Florida (Travel Guide eBook)

    By Insight Guides

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    About this ebook

    This Insight Guide is a lavishly illustrated inspirational travel guide to Florida and a beautiful souvenir of your trip. Perfect for travellers looking for a deeper dive into the destination's history and culture, it's ideal to inspire and help you plan your travels. With its great selection of places to see and colourful magazine-style layout, this Florida guidebook is just the tool you need to accompany you before or during your trip. Whether it's deciding when to go, choosing what to see or creating a travel plan to cover key places like Palm Beach, Lake Okeechobee, it will answer all the questions you might have along the way. It will also help guide you when you'll be exploring Everglades National Park or discovering Caladesi Island State Park on the ground. Our Florida travel guide was fully-updated post-COVID-19.  

    The Insight Guide FLORIDA covers:     South Florida, Miami, Florida Keys, Atlantic Coast, Central Florida, North Florida.

    In this guide book to Florida you will find:

    IN-DEPTH CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL FEATURES
    Created to explore the culture and the history of Florida to get a greater understanding of its modern-day life, people and politics.

    BEST OF
    The top attractions and Editor's Choice featured in this Florida guide book highlight the most special places to visit.

    TIPS AND FACTS
    Up-to-date historical timeline and in-depth cultural background to Florida as well as an introduction to Florida's food and drink, and fun destination-specific features.   

    PRACTICAL TRAVEL  INFORMATION
    A-Z of useful advice on everything from when to go to Florida, how to get there and how to get around, as well as Florida's climate, advice on tipping, etiquette and more.

    COLOUR-CODED CHAPTERS
    Every part of the destination, from Gulf Coast to Miami has its own colour assigned for easy navigation of this Florida travel guide.

    CURATED PLACES, HIGH-QUALITY MAPS
    Geographically organised text, cross-referenced against full-colour, high-quality travel maps for quick orientation in Daytona Beach, Tampa and many other locations in Florida.

    STRIKING PICTURES
    This guide book to Florida features inspirational colour photography, including the stunning Fort Lauderdale and the spectacular Kennedy Space Center.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherInsight Guides
    Release dateJan 1, 2023
    ISBN9781839053573
    Insight Guides Florida (Travel Guide eBook)
    Author

    Insight Guides

    Insight Guides wherever possible uses local experts who provide insider know-how and share their love and knowledge of the destination.

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      Book preview

      Insight Guides Florida (Travel Guide eBook) - Insight Guides

      How To Use This E-Book

      Getting around the e-book

      This Insight Guide e-book is designed to give you inspiration for your visit to Florida, as well as comprehensive planning advice to make sure you have the best travel experience. The guide begins with our selection of Top Attractions, as well as our Editor’s Choice categories of activities and experiences. Detailed features on history, people and culture paint a vivid portrait of contemporary life in Florida. The extensive Places chapters give a complete guide to all the sights and areas worth visiting. The Travel Tips provide full information on getting around, activities from culture to shopping to sport, plus a wealth of practical information to help you plan your trip.

      In the Table of Contents and throughout this e-book you will see hyperlinked references. Just tap a hyperlink once to skip to the section you would like to read. Practical information and listings are also hyperlinked, so as long as you have an external connection to the internet, you can tap a link to go directly to the website for more information.

      Maps

      All key attractions and sights in Florida are numbered and cross-referenced to high-quality maps. Wherever you see the reference [map] just tap this to go straight to the related map. You can also double-tap any map for a zoom view.

      Images

      You’ll find hundreds of beautiful high-resolution images that capture the essence of Florida. Simply double-tap on an image to see it full-screen.

      About Insight Guides

      Insight Guides have more than 40 years’ experience of publishing high-quality, visual travel guides. We produce 400 full-colour titles, in both print and digital form, covering more than 200 destinations across the globe, in a variety of formats to meet your different needs.

      Insight Guides are written by local authors, whose expertise is evident in the extensive historical and cultural background features. Each destination is carefully researched by regional experts to ensure our guides provide the very latest information. All the reviews in Insight Guides are independent; we strive to maintain an impartial view. Our reviews are carefully selected to guide you to the best places to eat, go out and shop, so you can be confident that when we say a place is special, we really mean it.

      © 2023 Apa Digital AG and Apa Publications (UK) Ltd

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      Table of Contents

      Florida’s Top 10 Attractions

      Editor’s Choice

      Introduction: Let the Sun Shine

      The Floridian People

      Decisive Dates

      Early Florida

      New Spain

      Turf Wars

      Modern Times

      The Cultural Landscape

      Insight: Extreme Weather

      Florida Cuisine

      The Business of Pleasure

      Sports and Outdoor Activities

      Places

      South Florida

      Metropolitan Miami

      Insight: Vizcaya

      Miami Beach

      Insight: Art Deco: South Beach Style

      The Everglades

      Insight: Everglades Ecology

      Florida Keys

      Insight: Florida’s Coral Reef

      Key West

      Atlantic Coast

      Fort Lauderdale

      Palm Beach

      The Space Coast

      Daytona Beach to Jacksonville

      Central Florida

      Walt Disney World Resort

      Orlando and Its Other Worlds

      Gulf Coast

      Tampa

      St Petersburg to Cedar Key

      Insight: Beautiful Beaches

      Sarasota to Naples

      Insight: Spring Training

      North Florida

      Gainesville and North Central Florida

      Tallahassee and the Panhandle

      Transportation

      A-Z: A Handy Summary of Practical Information

      Further Reading

      FLORIDA’S TOP 10 ATTRACTIONS

      Top Attraction 1

      Theme parks. Disney, Universal, SeaWorld, Legoland, and Busch Gardens operate no less than 10 theme parks in Florida. At the center of the theme-park galaxy is Orlando, home of Walt Disney World Resort, which claims more than 60 million visitors each year. For more information, click here and click here.

      Universal Orlando Resort

      Top Attraction 2

      Everglades National Park. Encompassing more than 1.5 million acres (607,028 hectares) of subtropical wilderness, this national park sustains hundreds of plant and animal species, including endangered Florida panthers and West Indian manatees. For more information, click here.

      Nowitz Photography/Apa Publications

      Top Attraction 3

      Key West. The Conch Republic, Margaritaville, Mañanaland – call it what you like, Key West is always up for a party. Perched at the end of the Florida Keys, the southernmost city is a hub of colorful nonconformity where free spirits find refuge from the mainstream and the rest of us can drop in for a couple of drinks. For more information, click here.

      Nowitz Photography/Apa Publications

      Top Attraction 4

      The Panhandle. Northwest Florida, has miles of undeveloped beaches and quiet seaside towns to explore at your leisure. For more information, click here.

      Nowitz Photography/Apa Publications

      Top Attraction 5

      Daytona 500. NASCAR’s most prestigious race (and one of the biggest sporting events) is a blistering, 500-mile (800-km) contest of driving skill and mechanical prowess. For more information, click here.

      Getty Images

      Top Attraction 6

      Beautiful beaches. White sugar sand and warm azure waters are the key ingredients here. With miles and miles of coastline, there’s a beach for every taste and occasion. For more information, click here.

      iStock

      Top Attraction 7

      Kennedy Space Center. History and science are brought vividly to life at this fascinating complex where you can explore the past, present, and future endeavors of space exploration. For more information, click here.

      NASA

      Top Attraction 8

      South Beach. The buff, bronze, and beautiful people gather at the red-hot nightclubs and glorious Art Deco hotels of this exotic neighborhood. For more information, click here.

      Getty Images

      Top Attraction 9

      The Dalí Museum. Let your imagination run wild in St Petersburg at one of the country’s finest museums dedicated to a single artist. For more information, click here.

      © Salvador Dalí. Fundación Gala-Salvador Dalí, (Artist Rights Society), 2014 / Collection of the Salvador Dalí Museum, Inc., St. Petersburg, FL, 2014.

      Top Attraction 10

      The John and Mable Ringling Museum of Art. A palazzo packed with priceless European art, this gallery is a tribute to the man known for creating the Greatest Show on Earth. For more information, click here.

      Nowitz Photography/Apa Publications

      EDITOR’S CHOICE

      Image.jpg

      Caladesi Island State Park.

      Getty Images

      Best Beaches

      Bill Baggs Cape Florida State Park. Regularly rated as one of the best in the US, this pristine beach on Key Biscayne soothes the weary soul. For more information, click here.

      Bradenton Beach. At the south end of Anna Maria Key, Bradenton has walkable streets and beaches that attract nesting sea turtles in summer. For more information, click here.

      Caladesi Island State Park. Florida’s top rated white-sand beach is a boat-in-only experience with a mangrove kayak trail. For more information, click here.

      Sanibel Island. Do the Sanibel Stoop to collect lovely shells washed up on the shores of this beautifully preserved island. For more information, click here.

      Image.jpg

      Mako – Orlando’s super-fast shark-themed roller coaster.

      SeaWorld

      Best Thrill Rides

      Cobra’s Curse. Busch Garden’s popular roller coaster lifts you up 70 feet (21 meters), only to hurl you toward snake fangs. For more information, click here.

      Mako. Even sharks aren’t scary compared to the fastest, longest, tallest ride in town. For more information, click here.

      Avatar Flight of Passage. Soar through magical landscapes on the back of a banshee in this immersive 3-D experience. For more information, click here.

      Race Through New York Starring Jimmy Fallon. Why visit NYC when you can fly over its star attractions in this exciting ride? It’s Manhattan like you’ve never seen it. For more information, click here.

      Best of the Outdoors

      Anhinga and Gumbo Limbo Trails, Everglades National Park. Explore the trails for a nose-to-nose encounter with a rambunctious alligator and spy the red-peeling gumbo limbo, aka the tourist tree. For more information, click here.

      J.N. Ding Darling National Wildlife Refuge. Early mornings in the colder winter months bring thousands of birds to this refuge. It’s a rare opportunity to see roseate spoonbills, heron, pelicans, ibis, and anhinga birds. For more information, click here.

      John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park. The only living coral reef in the continental US reveals its riot of color to snorkelers, scuba divers, and those on glass-bottom boat tours. For more information, click here.

      Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. See manatees and sea turtles in the shadow of Kennedy Space Center. For more information, click here.

      Myakka River State Park. A former ranch, Florida’s largest state park offers rustic cabins, campsites, hiking, and horseback riding. For more information, click here.

      Image.jpg

      Opulent Vizcaya.

      Shutterstock

      Must-See Museums

      Florida Museum of Natural History. It’s a light, bright, kid-friendly museum with well-interpreted exhibits on Florida’s life zones and native cultures, plus an awesome butterfly pavilion. For more information, click here.

      The Dalí Museum. The location is almost as breathtaking as the large-scale psycho-drama paintings, but early Impressionist-inspired works show a more sensitive side of the surrealist master Salvador Dalí. For more information, click here.

      Norton Museum of Art. French Impressionists, Post-Impressionists, and modern American masters put the Norton on a par with institutions many times its size. For more information, click here.

      Vizcaya. With 70 rooms of European antiques, Vizcaya is a rare example of the opulent life. For more information, click here.

      Image.jpg

      Calle Ocho street party.

      iStock

      Raise a Glass in Celebration

      Calle Ocho. The largest Hispanic heritage festival in the Southeast is a sizzling, salsa-fueled street party. For more information, click here.

      Ocala Shrine Rodeo. Forget about the long lines at the theme parks and hearken back to the good old days when the only thing treated like cattle in Florida was, well, cattle. For more information, click here.

      St George Island Mullet Toss. This beach party gives new meaning to the term flying fish. For more information, click here.

      Sunset Celebrationat Mallory Square. Why applaud a sunset? In Key West the sun doesn’t just set, it goes down in a blaze of glory. For more information, click here.

      Image.jpg

      Anna Maria Pier, Manatee County.

      Nowitz Photography/Apa Publications

      Image.jpg

      Airboating in the Everglades.

      Robert Harding

      Image.jpg

      Ocean Drive, Miami.

      Getty Images

      Image.jpg

      The Dalí Museum.

      Getty Images

      INTRODUCTION: LET THE SUN SHINE

      Florida’s population has doubled in the past 35 years and it keeps growing. There are plenty of reasons for the Sunshine State’s enduring popularity.

      From Tennessee Williams to Ernest Hemingway, some of America’s greatest artists have found a land of refuge and adventure, whether fleeting or long-term, along the lovely coasts and inland forests of Florida. The image of the Sunshine State as a place where dreams come true has lost none of its appeal, and about 1,000 newcomers arrive every day on its sunny shores. People often joke that most of Florida’s inhabitants were born elsewhere.

      A mouthwatering plate of fresh crab.

      iStock

      Travelers regard Florida as an unbeatable vacation destination – and with good reason. Nature has played its role, providing everything from the tropical Keys, verdant inland forests, and wild Everglades to miles of shimmering beaches. And when nature isn’t enough, man-made attractions fill the gap in fast-paced cities such as Orlando, theme park capital of the world; and Miami, where the ice-cream-colored buildings (restored to their 1930s Art Deco glory) provide the backdrop for posing and partying in trendy South Beach.

      The beach at Taylor State Park, Key West.

      Nowitz Photography/Apa Publications

      It is simple to get around Florida if you’re comfortable behind the wheel, with rental cars easy to come by and reasonably priced when reserved in advance. Accommodations are also plentiful, ranging from affordable roadside motels to quaint bed-and-breakfasts and lavish beachside resorts. The weather is unlikely to disappoint, though be aware that summers can be oppressively hot and humid with frequent thunderstorms that may interrupt outdoor pursuits.

      The ethos of Florida is perhaps best embodied by Walt Disney, who once put it, wholesome pleasure, sport, and recreation should be as important as work to the United States’ national character. In Florida, land of heart-racing adventure, Disney found the perfect embodiment of his vision.

      A NOTE TO READERS

      At Insight Guides, we always strive to bring you the most up-to-date information. This book was produced during a period of continuing uncertainty caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, so please note that content is more subject to change than usual. We recommend checking the latest restrictions and official guidance.

      Florida farmer and his mustang.

      AWL Images

      THE FLORIDIAN PEOPLE

      A state with a singular identity to outsiders contains cultural multitudes, from Cuban-Americans to northern Jews to descendants of the German and Irish workers who fueled 19th-century immigration.

      For many Americans, even many of those who live and vacation in Florida, the state and its people have a reputation for eccentricity, a quirkiness belied by the overwhelming popularity of carbon-copy suburban housing and manicured lawns. A quote summing up the colorful characters of the Sunshine State is often attributed to Miami Herald journalist and best-selling author Carl Hiaasen: There’s nothing wrong with Florida that a Category 6 hurricane can’t cure.

      But the real Floridians carry identities much deeper than their popular caricatures. An array of ethnic and national influences have dovetailed within the boundaries of one southeast peninsula to create a thoroughly modern melting pot, where no-nonsense Manhattanites break pan Cubano (Cuban bread) with neighbors steeped in Greek, Caribbean, French-Canadian, and African-American cultures. Visitors may only have the time to encounter one of these many threads in the Floridian tapestry, but their intermingling is constantly driving the state’s sense of itself and its unique attitude towards life.

      In short, the demographics of Florida may say one thing – about 78 percent white, 25 percent Hispanic, and 17 percent black, according to the most recent US census tallies – but the state’s day-to-day reality tells a much more compelling, if occasionally unsettled, saga of different peoples living together.

      Drivers and shoppers

      The popular image of Florida tends to resemble quintessential 21st-century America, with strip malls and gated communities reinforcing conformity and convenience. That stereotype manages to be at once valid and inadequate in its depiction of Floridian lifestyles; locals take to their cars for a quarter-mile trip to a chain store, but they also frequent walkable beachside boardwalks and ethnic restaurants that tend to lie hidden between the big box stores.

      Mallory Square, Key West.

      Nowitz Photography/Apa Publications

      People come to Florida not only for vacation, but also to live. As the third most-populated state in the nation, Florida has a significant number of non-native residents, making the state a lively melting pot of cultures.

      The economic value of tourism is embraced, with residents often taking pride in welcoming visitors as well as steering their own out-of-town friends and family to a favorite spot. Driving an hour or more to the right restaurant or the best spot to sunbathe is a common practice in a place where theme parks have made waiting in long lines less stressful than they might be elsewhere.

      Floridians rarely consider their state part of the American South, despite its location, but many residents display a self-deprecating awareness of their pop-cultural role as the United States’ dumb blonde. From the hanging chad scandal that held up the 2000 election to the growing popularity of weird Flori-duh news from the state’s ample police blotters, Floridians often hide a more complex sense of self behind their sunny weather and shiny sport-utility vehicles. Perhaps the best way to understand the local character, then, is to delve more deeply into the state’s past.

      A portrait of John and Mable Ringling painted on the ceiling at their Sarasota mansion.

      Nowitz Photography/Apa Publications

      A struggle for control

      In the three centuries before Florida signed on as the 27th American state, three European nations jockeyed for influence over a wild region already tamed and beloved by many Native American tribes. After the Spanish nobleman Juan Ponce de León came French Huguenots, such as Jacques Le Moyne, who put down roots in the north before battling their rivals for control over what is now the city of Jacksonville.

      Florida ultimately fell to the British in the 1760s, only to be returned to Spain for about 30 years after the American colonies won their war for independence from the Crown. Today that long-ago quest for dominance plays out both in obvious and subtle ways.

      The French impact on the state manifests in a long-thriving Francophone community, driven in recent years by French-Canadians and epitomized by the newspaper Le Soleil de Floride (established in 1983), as well as French colonial architecture still found in many cities. Spanish traditions, though subtle, were woven into the culture through the descendants of the original Spanish settlements. Much of the state’s architecture and urban design owes a debt to the Spanish colonial style.

      The British role in the state’s evolution is also subtle, shadowing other diverse American enclaves where ancestors from Britain have smoothly integrated into the population. The Irish have maintained a strong hold on their rituals, with several Floridian cities hosting Irish music and dance festivals, as well as theater groups and restaurant-pubs that bring a strong touch of Emerald Isle to the Sunshine State.

      Hispanic heritage

      Florida is one of only nine American states with more than one million Hispanic residents, and it is also home to more than half the Cuban population in the US. The role of immigration in shaping Floridian culture cannot be overstated. This is a place where people choose to live, not simply because they were born here. A combination of celebration and tension has greeted new arrivals over the past century.

      Latin Americans have been vibrant players in Florida since its earliest days, but the influx of Cuban expatriates that came after Fidel Castro took control of the island in 1959 helped shape much of the state’s current identity. South Florida, in particular, was soon dotted with Cuban-American communities that brought their own religious rituals, cuisine, and political clout to a place with a complicated background. Not only did Florida pass between French, Spanish, and British control before joining the United States, it was also a part of the Confederacy during the Civil War, and the racist attitudes of some white Floridians persist to this day.

      Although the Sunshine State has a reputation for easy living, the reality is that this is a place where many people have come together. What resulted has been a constantly changing experiment in coexistence, as Floridian newspapers indelicately referred to Cuban and Haitian boat people landing ashore in Miami, even as their already-arrived friends and family members were driving economic growth that benefited the state. With Nicaraguans, Venezuelans, Brazilians, and other Latino arrivals joining the tide by the late 1980s, the state legislature began a long debate over immigration that continues to this day.

      Fine dining at St. Armands Circle in Sarasota.

      Nowitz Photography/Apa Publications

      While older Cubans tend to vote Republican (due to a long-standing conservative stance on cultural issues and stringent anti-communism ideals stoked by Castro), their American-born offspring are veering left. The rise of anti-immigrant sentiment among Conservatives has left Hispanic Floridians to beat back a tide of discrimination. Latino advocates and business leaders view a healthy immigrant population as an essential part of the state’s culture, often butting heads with politicians who aim to crack down on undocumented arrivals by passing strong identity-verification laws.

      On the lighter side, many Hispanic habits have become ingrained in Floridian culture, regardless of ethnic or cultural identity. On a lazy Sunday, you can find many locals sipping tiny cups of Cuban espresso or munching on fried plantains and guava pastelito pastries. At night, the hypnotic rhythms of Mexican salsa, Puerto Rican reggaeton and Dominican bachata music are commonly spun on both nightclub dance floors and mainstream radio stations, particularly in the southern part of the state. In recent years, a thriving subgenre of Latin-southern fusion-style hip-hop, whose leading artists include Trina, Trick Daddy, Flo Rida, and Rick Ross, has taken hold in Miami.

      Perhaps the best example of Florida’s complex relationship with its Hispanic residents can be found in the bilingual signs that direct drivers to major landmarks – despite the fact that English was named the official language of the state more than 25 years ago. Florida is one of 31 states that have declared English the official language, although the United States as a whole has persisted in not doing so.

      ON THE PAGE AND SCREEN

      The Floridian ethos is memorably recaptured by a slew of classic books, from the 1920s drama of Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God to the environmental thrillers of Carl Hiaasen. For a moving take on the state, try Key Largo, a 1948 film noir set in the southernmost islands, or Edward Scissorhands, a locally shot fable that sends up the suburbanites. Miami-set movies deserve a category of their own, particularly The Birdcage, a South Beach tale that helped push drag-queens into the mainstream. Or watch Will Smith’s sun-drenched action flick Bad Boys. The quality may vary, but the imagery of the city makes a perfect introduction to its charms.

      Native American influence

      Florida’s first people were tragically decimated by violence and communicable disease brought to their doorstep by European settlers. Luckily, their cultures have survived and their people play a central role in the state’s story.

      Pest control officers regularly trap alligators in suburban swimming pools.

      Nowitz Photography/Apa Publications

      The Seminole Tribe, also known as the Creeks before coming to Florida, maintain six reservations in Florida as well as a thriving business network that, according to its website, pays $3.5 million in federal taxes and directs more than $24 million elsewhere in the state’s economy through casinos, a museum, a swamp safari, and other enterprises. The Seminole name is attached to everything from the sports team at a state university to one of its most populous counties, and its annual powwow draws significant crowds to Tampa. As the Seminole are proud of noting, theirs was the only tribe to never sign a peace treaty with the US government.

      The Miccosukee tribe, which grew out of the Seminole tradition, maintains a strong presence in Florida. Operating everything from gas stations to a lavish country club, as well as four reservations, Miccosukee members have developed their own educational curriculum to keep their traditions alive and remind locals that their history in the state predates Christopher Columbus.

      Older tribes in the state include the Calusa, Ocale, and Apalachee. Over the course of several centuries, beginning with the arrival of Spanish conquistadors in the early 16th century, these tribal people intermingled and traded with the Europeans, and helped shape many of the sights currently seen in the state. It was these people who helped plant the first corn crops in Florida and carved out some of its still-vibrant recreational trails.

      Retiree revival

      Only in Florida could you find a city-within-a-city where children are not permitted to stay for more than three weeks at a time. But The Villages, located an hour north of Orlando and christened Disney World for retirees by America’s National Public Radio, is only the largest (population 80,000 and growing) of multiple planned communities in the state where senior citizens and their cultural trends are dominant.

      More than 21 percent of Floridians are 65 and older, making the state a popular home for senior citizens. Indeed, most Americans either have an elderly relative living in the state or know someone who does. Many restaurants in areas popular with retirees are crowded with early-bird dinner patrons before 6pm, and shuffleboard and mah-jongg games are a common sight in residential developments, although Baby Boomer retirees favor pickleball and Zumba.

      Yet Florida is also an excellent example of how retirees can be participatory members of their state. Its 55-and-over residents are strong players in the AARP (American Association of Retired Persons), the advocacy outlet for older Americans, making the group’s Florida chapter a major player in both local and national politics. Particularly as the baby boomer generation swells the ranks of American seniors, retired Floridians are anything but leisurely in their pursuit of financial, health-care, and Social Security reforms.

      The African-American community

      Florida was known for cultivating accomplished and self-sufficient majority-black communities even as other southern states struggled to put the ugly legacy of slavery behind them. One of the biggest symbols of the African-American role in Floridian development is Eatonville, the nation’s first formally incorporated city led and populated by black Americans. Now an Orlando suburb, the town is the self-identified hometown of writer Zora Neale Hurston, one of a handful of immortal black female writers, and remains a dearly held part of African-American history.

      The golf course at the Gasparilla Club has amazing ocean views.

      Nowitz Photography/Apa Publications

      The same year that Eatonville was formed also saw Florida Agricultural & Mechanical University founded in Tallahassee for the express purpose of educating African-Americans. Today, A&M, as it is called, joins American Beach (on Amelia Island near Jacksonville) and other Florida sites as a reminder of the issues surrounding integration and civil rights in the state. St Augustine is also on the list of African-American landmarks, having hosted the first homestead for freed blacks in the state under the name of Fort Mose in the 1730s.

      Today the state continues to rack up African-American cultural and academic achievement, sending several black representatives to Congress and electing its first black lieutenant governor, Jennifer Carroll, in 2010. But the legacy of urban blight and racial inequality still holds back the state’s African-Americans, many of whom tend to be relegated by economic need to neighborhoods where education and health care are of poorer quality. Tension between African-Americans and the law remains a source of unrest, as shown by the reaction to the 2012 fatal shooting of teenager Trayvon Martin by George Zimmerman in a Sanford gated community.

      Florida’s Chosen

      Of the 7.5 million Jewish-Americans in the US, more than three percent of them call Florida home, with the highest number of Jewish residents after California and New York, making the state a potent locus for Jewish cultural and spiritual development.

      The Jewish influence on American arts and politics grew in leaps and bounds during the mid- to late 20th century, but the religion was alive and well in Florida nearly two centuries earlier. The state’s first acknowledged Jewish settlement was begun near Pensacola in 1763, though the oldest recorded Jewish congregation did not spring up in the Jacksonville area until 1876.

      The real boom time for Floridian Jews began after World War II, when an influx drove the population from an estimated 25,000 to more than 175,000. The spike in Jewish residents also brought a notable number of unique sects within the religion to the state’s sunny confines, including adherents from Cuba, Brazil, and Morocco.

      Today parts of Florida – primarily South Florida – are home to an abundance of Jewish synagogues, bagel shops, and community centers where major holidays from Passover to Purim are celebrated. Jewish residents are an active force in local politics, helping propel more than 15 of their own to the mayoralty of Miami Beach. Meanwhile, the religion’s effect on the Floridian identity has been exponentially increased by pop-cultural touchstones such as the Boca Raton retirement home where Jerry Seinfeld’s parents lived in his eponymous sitcom.

      Walking the dog on Duval Street in Key West.

      Nowitz Photography/Apa Publications

      The Snowbirds

      Just as some types of birds fly south for the winter, so do seasonal migrants flock to Florida during the colder months. Florida is hardly the only destination for snowbirds, but it has acquired the biggest reputation for temporary residents, perhaps because of its friendliness towards retirees and its ample supply of mobile-home campgrounds, a popular vehicle of choice for middle-class permanent vacationers.

      There are few reliable estimates of the current number of Floridian snowbirds, due to their constant mobility, although The Palm Beach Post counts a-month-or-longer seasonal residents at nearly one million state wide.

      Far from dying out, the temporary migrant appears to be adapting, with fewer retirees and more working transients, both wealthy and working-class. The older, retired snowbird is more common in south Florida, with The Palm Beach Post reporting that the county gains 145,000 residents during season, an 11 percent increase. Working snowbirds can be found anywhere in the state where openings exist in the service sector – such as theme parks, which happily dole out seasonal hours.

      Asian-Americans

      While they are far from the most visible constituency in Florida, there are more than a half-million Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Filipino, Vietnamese, and other Asian immigrants residing here. This makes the state the ninth most popular destination for Asian-Americans. The state’s native Asian population grew by 72 percent between 2000 and 2010 and is projected to top 1.8 million by 2050, according to the Asian-American Federation of Florida.

      AMERICAN PARADISE

      Florida is the de facto vacation destination for many Americans thanks to its sunny climate and adventure park thrills, and there is no shortage of bold-faced names who consider it a second (or even first) home. Madonna owned a lavish Miami home and frequented the city during the 1990s, and she has been joined in her Florida favoritism at various times by other famous faces such as Sylvester Stallone, Rosie O’Donnell, Shaquille O’Neal, P. Diddy, and Tiger Woods. Former President Donald Trump now spends most of his days in his flashy Palm Beach mansion and club Mar-a-Lago, often hosting fundraisers there.

      Sadly, Asian-Americans’ most vocal recent emergence in Florida society ended in defeat. A 2008 ballot initiative would have eliminated language in the state constitution that prevented aliens ineligible for citizenship from owning property, a measure approved in 1926 amid a cloud of racial discrimination against Japanese immigrants. But conservative political groups outgunned Asian-American groups in a public relations battle over the initiative, recasting the anti-Asian-American language as a beneficial modern move against illegal immigration, and the technically irrelevant but historically offensive statute remains intact.

      Pirates storm the city of Tampa during the annual Gasparilla Invasion.

      Nowitz Photography/Apa Publications

      Miami vice and spice

      Florida’s biggest and most famous city looms larger than life over its people, serving as the launch pad for much of its major social trends, from immigration to suburban sprawl, as well as its artistic personality. The 1980s TV show Miami Vice spawned a culinary festival titled Miami Spice, with both monikers channeling the city’s indigenous multicultural energy into a cosmopolitan image for the rest of the state and the world.

      The metropolitan area of Miami, often referred to by its county name of Miami-Dade, has a population that is largely Hispanic. But the social force exerted by the largest city in the state is greater than any single group, and visitors should not think that Miami is synonymous with Latino. The city takes pride in its diversity, and while one group may speak the loudest, all are given a hearing.

      As Miami modernizes and incorporates ever more diverse influences, the broader state is guaranteed to follow suit – putting the neon-lit city at the leading edge of Florida’s socioeconomic evolution. Where the people of Miami lead, the state tends to follow.

      VIETNAMESE IMMIGRANTS

      The Vietnamese population in Florida more than doubled between 1990 and 2000. Today the cultural traditions of Southeast Asia are a particularly strong presence in the Vietnamese district of Orlando, located in the Mills 50 neighborhood, and can also be felt and tasted in popular restaurants in Miami and Tampa.

      The best time to experience a taste of Saigon in central Florida is during the winter Tet holiday, which is marked by a two-day festival of food, music, dancing, and a beauty pageant. Tet celebrates the Vietnamese Lunar New Year and is held at the Central Florida Fairgrounds.

      Decisive dates

      c.8000 BC

      Nomadic tribes reach the Florida peninsula and begin to settle the land a few thousand years

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