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    Imagine Spacetime
    Imagine Spacetime
    Imagine Spacetime
    Ebook133 pages1 hour

    Imagine Spacetime

    By Hiten Shelar

    ()

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    About this ebook

    IMAGINE SPACETIME is a science (Physics and Geography) news and information channel and Science eBook Publisher. The channel and website is founded and owned by Hiten Shelar who is an Astrophysicist and Bestselling Author. Inspired by his Book, IMAGINE SPACETIME, the science platform aims at delivering quality content on interesting topics on Astrophysics, Astronomy, Geography, Oceanography, and other related subjects. The website covers various Topics on Science, Technology, and Engineering, provoking Human curiosity towards Science. This book is an Astrophysics and cosmology book published by IMAGINE SPACETIME. 

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherIMAGINE SPACETIME
    Release dateJan 21, 2024
    ISBN9798224000425
    Imagine Spacetime
    Author

    Hiten Shelar

    Hiten Shelar is an astrophysicist and science communicator renowned for his bestselling book "Astrophysics for Non-Mathematicians" and his award-winning book "Cosmology For a Newbie," which won the International Best New Cosmology Books Award in 2023. He is also celebrated for his astrophysics reels on Facebook and Instagram. Additionally, he is the founder and owner of IMAGINE SPACETIME (www.imaginespacetime.com), a science website, and physics book publisher. Hiten's fascination with astronomy and astrophysics dates back to when he was just 5 years old. Throughout high school and college, he received numerous awards and accolades in his astronomy and astrophysics career. In 2020, he was recognized as the best performer at the International Space Science Competition, received the silver honor in the International Astronomy and Astrophysics Competition, and achieved the 28th rank in the International Space Olympiad 2019. Hiten strongly advocates for teaching cosmology and astrophysics at a basic level in every school. He believes that gazing at the stars and contemplating the universe can address many societal issues. According to him, studying our universe is not merely an academic pursuit; it offers profound lessons for everyone. It teaches us that irrational beliefs hold no sway in the real universe. In his books, he strives to simplify even the most complex concepts for broader understanding. He asserts that adopting a cosmic perspective can enhance the beauty of the world and contribute to a better society. To date, Hiten has authored seven books on astrophysics.

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      Book preview

      Imagine Spacetime - Hiten Shelar

      The end of the Earth will not be the end of humanity

      -Interstellar 2014

      OUR UNIVERSE

      Our universe is beautifully designed not only by its constituents but also by the way that every time we try to know about it deeper, it never fails to astound us. The stars we see in the night sky, the air we breathe, the food we eat including our body is made of atoms no one knows which part they emerged from.

      Life is the creation of mother earth which was nothing more than a dust cloud before our sun was formed. No sun, no planets, meteors just a dust cloud. What brought every particle of this dust cloud together to form our solar system are the four fundamental forces of our universe which are Electromagnetic force, strong force, weak force, and gravity. The fundamental force of gravity is the weakest among these forces. But still, the force of gravity has a major role in making this universe a possible place. It’s because it has a longer range than the other three forces.

      All right, that was part of physics, but what is physics? Is our universe governed by the rules of physics? One should remember that physics is only the language that explains various stuff and phenomenon in this universe, so this universe has nothing to do with physics. Physics as a language to describe the universe has failed many times to explain many things which keep happening in this universe. So physics entirely as a subject is still not complete and we just need a theory of everything which is the center of attention of many scientists in this modern era.

      In today’s busy world, many people just forget that there is something that lies beyond earth. Many people do not even know that there is a subject called astrophysics that studies our universe. Believe me, the more you tend to know about our universe the more you will realize how much you were unknown about the reality you now live in. This new world is no less strange than a science fiction movie. In fact, what makes these things stranger is people’s mere ignorance of looking at something outside of the human race. Scientists being human somehow figure this world out and get so much interest in this world which never fails to astound anyone.

      THE SPACETIME

      The study of our universe is not just the study the what is beyond the earth or outer space. It’s the study of everything.

      We always believe that something is made of something and that’s how we believe that something exists. We know that every object is made of atoms which are the composition of protons, neutrons, electrons, and so on. And this is how reality makes sense to us. If I tell you to imagine any physical entity to be having no subparts then is that possible for you to imagine? (Try it) No one can do that! It’s our very basic approach to figure out that something is always made of something and repeat. So what is our universe made of?

      For now, let me ask you where you are. And you would give your location. Of course, your address is a name given by a human to a particular place. But have you ever tried to think that where you are ‘exactly’ in this universe and what are you doing here and what is this universe itself in the first place? Well, lets us keep in mind that we are in space. One should not imagine just outer space now, in physics space means space or let’s say a length, an area, a volume, or, a hypervolume.

      Imagine for our ease every point in this space being described by a set of numbers. If you are trying to locate a point on a line, we would just use a number. If you are locating a point on the plane, we would use two numbers to locate the point and three for 3-dimensional things, and so on. We are quite familiar with this math at our schools. Let’s now imagine ‘time’. Hey, have you ever thought about imagining time? Ok from now we will assume it same as a space coordinate. Yes ! a spatial coordinate. The world around you which you can see is all 3 dimensional and when I ask about your position you give me your location in these 3 dimensions. But let’s not forget that for any event we do not just describe the location of the event but also the time. For example, you have your train then for you to not miss the train you need to know where that train is approaching and obviously at what time. So let’s treat time as a separate dimension, to describe any event successfully. Let’s be clear that wherever you look around the universe you look at the past, even if you are describing anything in space you are describing its past! You are describing an event. The description of this event can only be given completely when you speak out its location in space and time.

      This space and time Is not separate thing at all as I said one always witnesses and talks about any event in space and its past and so both are not separate at all! So we will not call ‘ space and time’ but rather ‘spacetime’. And this is what our universe is made of. The continuum of spacetime is what every constituent of this universe is based on, including the four fundamental forces of our universe.

      So ‘spacetime’ (the building blocks of our universe) is made of 3 spatial which we can see and feel and one time dimension that can’t be seen but just felt, making it a 4-dimensional entity. So yes, our universe is four-dimensional This idea of treating time as a separate dimension and this universe was brought by Einstein initially and that has revolutionized astrophysics and scientists’ way to look at this universe.

      THE GRIP OVER SPACETIME AND GRAVITY

      Well, for anything to work smoothly, it needs a set of rules. Yes to have a grip over humans we have government. In subsections like in the office, we have several sets of rules an employee should follow and so to have a grip over them, for kids we have schools which again have several sets of rules. Does our universe which is made of spacetime have the same grip over its inhabitant including every atom to the ray of light and so the rules to follow? Yes of course!

      The rules of society or the rules of humans have nothing to do with spacetime. But the fact is that our universe does possess rules for its inhabitants to follow. We at the local scale not even barely go near to violating these rules. We and every object in this universe and this universe which is entirely made of the spacetime continuum are connected by a grip. I would call this grip the ‘universal constraints’. Why constraints? Because as one tries to pressurize this grip, the grip eventually becomes a constraint.

      The very first thing spacetime is in direct contact with is the ‘ Mass-energy’. Yes, no other parameter connects spacetime more directly than this. It can be thought of as an ultimate connection between anything existing in this universe

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