Echidnophaga

infected/total no.) (% infected; 95% CI) Ectoparasites Urbanised environment Bushland Fleas Pygiopsylla tunneyi 1/15 0/18 (6.7%; 1.6-30.2%) (0%; 0-7.6%) Choristopsylla ochi 0/15 2/18 (0%; 0-20.6%) (11.1%; 3.4-33.1%) Echidnophaga myrmecobii 1/15 1/18 (6.7%; 1.6-30.2%) (5.6%; 1.3-26.0%) Ticks Family Ixodidae (1) 0/15 7/ 18 (0%; 0-20.6%) (38.9%; 20.3-61.6%) Ixodes tasmani 0/15 1/18 (0%; 0-20.6%) (5.6%; 1.3-26.0%) Haemaphysalis bremneri 0/15 1/18 (0%; 0-20.6%) (5.6%; 1.3-26.0%) Amblyomma spp.

(%) outside Pulex irritans 233 (73.0) 233 (95.5) 0 Ctenocephalides canis 1 (03) 1 (0.4) 0 Echidnophaga gallinacea 10 (3.1) 10 (4.1) 0 Synopsyllus fonquerniei 62 (19.4) 0 62 (82.7) Xenopsylla cheopis 13 (4.1) 0 13 (17.3) Total 319 (100) 244 (100) 75 (100)

An Introduced generalist parasite, the sticktight fleas (Echidnophaga gallinacea), and its pathology in the threatened Florida Scrub-Jay (Apheloco ma coerulescens).

Fleas: One noteworthy and surpring result of this study was the sticktight flea Echidnophaga gallinacea in one Caracara (C.

samples Group Species tested Fleas Ctenocephalides felis 48 Echidnophaga gallinacea 150 Synosternus pallidus 41 Tsetse flies Glossina morsitans 78 submorsitans Hard ticks Amblyomma variegatum 492 Rhipicephalus decoloratus 40 R.

A minority of these genera live in close association with humans (synanthropic), including fleas of these species: Pulex irritans, Ctenocephalides felis, Ctenocephalides canis, Xenopsylla cheopis, Nosopsyllus fasciatus, Echidnophaga gallinacea, and Tunga penetrans (1).

Off-host Pulex irritans, Tunga penetrans, Ctenocephalides felis strongylus, Echidnophaga gallinacea, and Xenopsylla brasiliensis were collected in the Ituri district of northeastern DRC from March through April 2007, during an investigation of a plague outbreak.

Other species collected were Echidnophaga gallinacea (15.1%), Ctenocephalides felis and C.

canis (12 from 7 dogs), Echidnophaga gallinacea (4 from 3 cats and 57 from 16 dogs), and Spilopsyllus cuniculi (5 from 2 cats).