Papa Doc

Duvalier was the son of Francois "Papa Doc" Duvalier, a medical doctor-turned-dictator who promoted "Noirisme," a movement that sought to highlight Haiti's African roots over its European ones while uniting the black majority against a mulatto elite in a country divided by class and color.

Baby Doc had taken overaged 19 from his father Papa Doc Duvalier in 1971 but went into exile in France after a revolt in 1986.

Another recent case is Jean-Claude "Baby Doc" Duvalier, who took over as Haiti's dictator at 19 when his father "Papa Doc" died in 1971 and ruled it until he was overthrown by a popular revolt in 1986.

Bernard Diederich, a journalist born in New Zealand, founded an English-language newspaper in Haiti, became a resident correspondent for various US and English papers, was arrested by Papa Doc's Tonton Macoutes, expelled from the country, and met and traveled with Greene throughout Haiti and Central America.

Other Haitians arrived in the 20th century fleeing political upheaval, poverty and oppression during the barbaric regime of Papa Doc Duvalier, which held power from the 1950s to '70s, marked by reigns of terror and the brutality of his private militia, the Tonton Macoutes.

He also got to meet Haitian dictator Papa Doc Duvalier - describing him as "a little roly-poly man in a homburg" after filming him touring Port-au-Prince throwing money out of the window of his Mercedes.

It was created in 1958 by Haiti's former dictator Francois "Papa Doc" Duvalier, and was originally called Cite Simone, after his wife Simone Ovide.

1971: Haitian dictator dies Haiti''s ruler, Francois 'Papa Doc' Duvalier, has died after 14 years in power.

A few references such as those related to the Griot movement of the 1930's, which encouraged both the adoption of an African-based political system and the adoption of Voodoo as Haiti's national religion, should be included in the appropriate categories especially since the movement produced Presidents Estime (1946), Magloire (1950) and Papa Doc Duvalier (1957).

At the time, I believe this phenomenon affected our initial support for Papa Doc in Haiti, Juan Bosch in the Dominican Republic and the coup in Vietnam against Ngo Dinh Diem.

There was controversy in the nun's future--she would become perhaps too closely aligned with dictators like Papa Doc in Haiti, and her firm anti-abortion stand would bother many people--but at this time she was unassailable, the perennial winner of the Most Admired Person in the World award.

Jean-Claude Duvalier was 19-years-old when he inherited the title of president-for-life from his father, Francois 'Papa Doc' Duvalier, who had ruled Haiti since 1957.