calced

elaborates on the bitter feud between the calced and discalced factions that led to John's imprisonment, and provides interesting comparisons between John's mystical experiences in prison and the recorded experiences of some contemporary political prisoners (49).

Chapters 15 to 16 examine Teresa's place in the conflicts between the Calced and Discalced friars in Andalusia.

She describes at length Teresa's battles with slippery officials, the rivalries between the Calced and Discalced Carmelites, petty jealousies among nuns and among church officials, problems with the male branch of the order, and harrowing negotiations with secular and religious authorities to secure permission for the establishment of convents.

Imprisonment at the hands of the Calced brothers, public humiliation by the Discalced, and an agonizing death the result of an ill-treated infection that spread throughout his body, brought a full measure of suffering to this saintly man.

Dissension sprang up between those following the mitigated and unmitigated rules, and in 1850 Pope Gregory XIII separated them into two orders, the Calced, or Ancient observance (O.Carm.), and the Discalced (O.C.D.).