ectomorphy

The three components of the somatotype (endomorphy, mesomorphy, and ectomorphy) were determined from the measurements.

The median values of male body components were as follows: endomorphy 3.9, mesomorphy 5.5, and ectomorphy 2.1.

The Pearson Correlation Coefficients for endomorphy rating, mesomorphy rating, and ectomorphy rating were r= -0.15 (p= 0.16), r = -0.10 (p=0.37), and r = 0.008 (p=0.94) respectively (Figures 2-4).

In the analysis of the somatotype considering the mean values obtained for the three components in the three categories evaluated (child, juvenile, and adult), the results show that in the younger category, the child athletes, the third component (ectomorphy) is predominant and in the adult category, the first component (endomorphy) is predominant.

In explaining this, it must be stressed that ectomorphy actually explains not only slenderness (i.e., thinness) but also linearity of the body (i.e., the relative length of body segments) [25].

Ectomorphy was calculated using the formula (0.732 x height/weight ratio) - 28.58.

Indeed, Cash notes that human embodiment psychologists' "theories and investigations have typically neglected boys and men" while their empirical efforts focus "more on the personal and cultural meanings of endomorphy and ectomorphy than on matters of mesomorphy" (2007, p.

* phenotypic difference and similarity in terms of somatotype [body-type in terms of ectomorphy, endomorphy, and mesomorphy as well as the crude realization of differences in height and weight]

Some readers may remember his somatotypes, with ratings on the three dimensions of ectomorphy, mesomorphy, and endomorphy.

It also differs in that it focuses on (apparent) athletic constitution as such, rather than on a typology of constitutional traits (mesomorphy, endomorphy, ectomorphy, see Glueck and Glueck 1950: 183-97).

The only photographs in the book come early, in the "constitutional' section; five blindfolded male nudes are lined up, and from the contrast of their body types we are supposed to learn that "mesomorphs deficient in ectomorphy'-- that is, well-muscled, non-lanky young men-- are more likely to turn to crime.

In the somatotype components, significant differences were observed in the endomorphy component and similar values were found in the mesomorphy and ectomorphy components.

Additional calculated measures included: endomorphy (Endo), mesomorphy (Meso), and ectomorphy (Ecto) ratings, biacromialD/bi-iliacD ratio, wristD/ankleD ratio, elbowD /kneeD ratio, bicepsC/thighC ratio, and forearmC/calfC ratio.

The anthropometric Heath-Carter method of somatotyping was employed for the quantification of shape and composition of the human body, expressed in a three-number rating representing endomorphy (relative fatness), mesomorphy (relative musculoskeletal robustness), and ectomorphy (relative linearity or slenderness) [21].

Somatotype Measurements Under the light of the data, endomorphy, mesomorphy and ectomorphy components of the sportsmen were calculated with the help of the Heath Carter regression equitation.