For the origins of carnival in late medieval England and the Continent, see Barbara Ehrenreich, Dancing in the Streets: A History of Collective Joy (New York, 2006), 77-96; for a wide-ranging historical survey with special attention to the development of carnival in German-speaking Europe, see Dietz-Rudiger Moser, Fastnacht, Fasching, Karneval: Das Fest der 'Verkehrten' Welt (Graz, 1986).
Magiste Informationen uber Feiertage des Volkskalenders (Fastnacht, Ostern, Georgstag, Johannistag, Martinsabend) und kirchliche Feiertage, alte Traditionen und Brauche (z.B.
For 400 years, Black Forest villages in this region have hosted noisy Karneval celebrations called Fastnacht or Fasching (Eve of the Beginning of the Fast), drawing hundreds of people dressed in costume.
Bob Chwefror yn Basel cynhelir carnifal arbennig y fastnacht. Mae'n dechrau am bedwar o'r gloch y bore, pryd y bydd miloedd o bobol mewn gwisg ffansi yn tramwyo'r strydoedd y tu il i fygydau dychrynllyd.
The difference is, of course, the special place enjoyed by the Book of Esther in Jewish tradition, through its association with establishing the festival of Purim (described in Christian terms, as Baum-Sheridan points out, as the 'judische Fastnacht').