Accordingly, blots probed with antibodies to active AMPK, inactive AMPK, or a phosphorylated substrate of active AMPK indicate that AMPK is active in prophase-arrested
nemertean oocytes and deactivated during GVBD stimulated by SW or cAMP elevators (Fig.
Janolus fuscus followed the typical holoblastic, spiral cleavage pattern conserved within annelids, molluscs, and
nemerteans. Embryos were 80.9 [+ or -] 1.3 [micro]m in diameter.
This study is the first report on the histopathological alterations elicited by the attachment of the commensal
nemertean M.
Owenia collaris embryos undergo holoblastic spiral cleavage to form a coeloblastula, which, although exceptionally hollow (again like some
nemerteans), conforms to the ancestral pattern for annelids (Okada, 1970).
grossa: frequency of occurrence of infestation with
Nemertean Malacobdella grossa.
phyllospadicola and another small, nondescript, four-eyed hoplonemertean from the Sea of Japan--Antarctonemertes varvarae Chernyshev 1999 (the closest match of all
nemertean COI sequences available in GenBank).
In these experiments,
nemertean worms were maintained in the laboratory in seawater (practical salinity [S] = 31) at 16-17 [degrees]C and fed with Tubifex sp.
Phylogenetic approaches to nomenclature: A comparison based on a
nemertean case study.
Experiments combining HPLC and radiochemical analyses have repeatedly demonstrated the uptake of acidic, basic, and neutral amino acids from seawater across the integument without release (e.g., the juvenile form of the
nemertean worm Carcinonemertes errens [Crowe et al.
A total of 198 individuals distributed in five taxa were found in 29 corers, two species isopods, one
nemertean species and two species of polychaetes (Fig.
For example, molecular studies analyzing genetic connectivity across the APF have revealed distinct genetic breaks on either side of the APF in
nemertean worms (Thornhill et al., 2008), octocorals (Duenas et al., 2016), and notothenioid fish (Bargelloni et al., 2000).
Color variation is a feature that has been regarded as important at the time of defining taxonomic status for different species groups (Endler et al., 2005), including different groups of marine invertebrates such as the starfish genus, Echinaster (Tuttle & Lindahl, 1980), the anemone, Actinia equine (Linnaeus, 1767) (Quicke et al., 1983), the sponge, Oscarella lobularis (Schmidt, 1862) (Boury-Esnault et al., 1992); the soft coral, Alcyonium coralloides (Pallas, 1766) (McFadden, 1999), and the
nemertean genus, Quasitetrastemma (Zaslavskaya et al., 2010).
The only potential control agent known to infect green crabs in California is a
nemertean egg predator, Carcinonemertes epialti, that normally infests the shore crab Hemigrapsus oregonensis (Torchin et al.
Tubulanus annulatus, an aposematic
nemertean? Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 12:177-179.
In addition, no individuals of Carcinus maenas or the infaunal
nemertean predator, Cerebratulus lacteus (Leidy), occurred in any samples.
