As only one of many possible illustrations of the moral and legal complexities inherent in
reprisals, historians often cite the German atrocity committed on June 10, 1944 in which all 642 inhabitants of the French town of Oradour-sur-Glane were executed in
reprisal for the killing of one German officer by resistance fighters (legally unprivileged belligerents whose combatant activities constituted a war crime prior to the 1949 Geneva Conventions).
However, cogent arguments can be made against allowing
reprisals. A
reprisal means deliberately killing civilians not participating in combat in order to pressure terrorists, in other words, a form of collective punishment.
To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and offenses against the law of nations; To declare war, grant letters of marque and
reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land and water.
My understanding is that German
reprisal for French guerilla activity was taken against the wrong village, the culprit was in an adjoining valley.
(5) Labeled a traitor by some members of his National Guard military unit and hometown community, SPC Darby feared retaliation and
reprisal (6) and he was quickly taken out of Iraq.
Farmers can now give evidence about claimed mistreatment by supermarket giants without fear of
reprisal, thanks to a system set up by the diocese of Worcester.
Finally, we should make orderly provisions for sanctuary, in this country or elsewhere, for the Iraqis who have stuck their necks out on our behalf and who fear
reprisal. We must never repeat the horror of Saigon, where we left thousands of Vietnamese clamoring at our embassy gate as the last helicopter departed.
Barreme (3) is the phrase in Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution that immediately follows the grant to Congress of the power "To declare War"--namely, the power to "grant Letters of Marque and
Reprisal, and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water." (4) These additional words, it is argued, are placed in the War Clause because the Framers intended that Congress, and Congress alone, have the power to authorize not only "general" or "perfect" war through a formal declaration of war, but also "limited" or "imperfect" war.
But most importantly, an experienced executive coach provides a safe, objective and confidential environment for the executive to talk through problems, brainstorm possible solutions and even vent frustrations without fear of judgment or
reprisal.
On May 11, the employee filed suit in Circuit Court against both the hospital and Ball, alleging sexual harassment and
reprisal in conjunction with her reporting Ball's inappropriate conduct.
Some are reluctant to be tested for fear of missing work, being fired, or other
reprisal. The 1 December 2003 Seattle Times quotes one worker as saying, "[We] don't have the liberty to think about health in the short term because there are long-term consequences for the family." Workers can opt out of testing, but this decision must be discussed between workers and their health care providers, a requirement aimed at stopping employers from coercing workers to avoid testing, says lawyer Dan Ford, who represented the farmworkers whose legal action spurred the L&I rule making.
Erich Priebke, a former SS officer who killed hundreds of civilians during a Nazi
reprisal in Rome in 1944, has appealed to Italian authorities for a pardon.
"Alien Seasons" was in fact a
reprisal of the survey exhibition of the same name, on view at the Musee d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris in the summer of 2002.
The United States needs a clearer
reprisal policy, one that strikes a better balance between flexibility and preparedness.
Johannesburg, South Africa said Thursday it has closed its diplomatic missions in the Nigerian cities of Abuja and Lagos following violence carried out against South African businesses in
reprisal for attacks on foreign-owned stores in Johannesburg."After receiving reports and threats from some of the Nigerians we decided to temporarily close while we are assessing the situation," foreign ministry spokesman Lunga Ngqengelele said, adding the missions were shut on Wednesday.
