Java Program to Left Rotate the Elements of an Array Last Updated : 23 Jul, 2025 Comments Improve Suggest changes Like Article Like Report Try it on GfG Practice In Java, left rotation of an array involves shifting its elements to the left by a given number of positions, with the first elements moving around to the end. There are different ways to left rotate the elements of an array in Java.Example: We can use a temporary array to rotate the array left by "d" positions. This approach is useful when the array size is not too large. Also, the temporary array does not impact the memory constraints. Java // Java program to rotate an array // to the left by "d" positions import java.io.*; class GFG { // Function to rotate array static void Rotate(int arr[], int d, int n) { // Storing rotated version of array int temp[] = new int[n]; // Keeping track of the current index of temp[] int k = 0; // Storing the n - d elements of array arr[] to the front of temp[] for (int i = d; i < n; i++) { temp[k] = arr[i]; k++; } // Storing the first d elements of array arr[] into temp for (int i = 0; i < d; i++) { temp[k] = arr[i]; k++; } // Copying the elements of temp[] into arr[] to get the final rotated array for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { arr[i] = temp[i]; } } // Function to print elements of the array static void PrintTheArray(int arr[], int n) { for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { System.out.print(arr[i] + " "); } } public static void main(String[] args) { int arr[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 }; int N = arr.length; int d = 2; // Function calling Rotate(arr, d, N); PrintTheArray(arr, N); } } Output3 4 5 6 7 1 2 Other Ways to Left Rotate the Elements of an ArrayRotating Elements One-by-OneIn this approach, we rotate the array to left by one position at each step. After performing this operation "d" times, the array is rotated to the left by "d" positions. This method is simple and effective for small values of "d".Example: Java // Java program to left rotate // an array by "d" positions import java.io.*; class GFG { // Function to rotate the array to the left by d positions public static void rotate(int arr[], int d, int n) { int p = 1; while (p <= d) { // Store the first element in a temporary variable int first = arr[0]; // Shift each element one position to the left for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { arr[i] = arr[i + 1]; } // Place the first element at the end of the array arr[n - 1] = first; p++; } // Print the rotated array for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { System.out.print(arr[i] + " "); } } public static void main(String[] args) { int arr[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 }; int N = arr.length; // Rotate the array 2 times to the left int d = 2; // Function call to rotate the array rotate(arr, d, N); } } Output3 4 5 6 7 1 2 Using Juggling AlgorithmIn this approach, it optimizes the rotation by using the GCD of "N" and "d" to divide the arrays into sets. Here, each set will rotate internally. It is an efficient approach for large arrays because it reduces the number of element moves.Steps:Calculate d % N to ensure rotations stay within array bounds.Compute the GCD of N and d to determine the number of sets.For each set, store the set's first element in a temporary variable.Rotate elements within the set by moving each element d positions left.Assign the temporary variable to the last position in the set.Example: Java // Java program to rotate an array // to the left by "d" elements import java.io.*; class RotateArray { // Function to left rotate arr[] of size n by d positions void leftRotate(int arr[], int d, int n) { // If d >= n, reduce d to a value within the array bounds d = d % n; int i, j, k, temp; int g_c_d = gcd(d, n); // Calculate GCD of d and n // Process each set of elements as per GCD value for (i = 0; i < g_c_d; i++) { // Move i-th element of each block temp = arr[i]; j = i; while (true) { k = j + d; // Calculate index to swap with // Wrap around if k exceeds array length if (k >= n) k = k - n; // Break when we complete the cycle for this block if (k == i) break; arr[j] = arr[k]; // Move elements within the set j = k; } arr[j] = temp; // Place initial element at end of cycle } } // Utility function to print an array void printArray(int arr[], int size) { for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) System.out.print(arr[i] + " "); } // Function to calculate GCD of a and b int gcd(int a, int b) { if (b == 0) return a; else return gcd(b, a % b); } // Driver program to test the left rotation function public static void main(String[] args) { RotateArray rotate = new RotateArray(); int arr[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 }; int n = arr.length; int d = 2; // Number of positions to rotate rotate.leftRotate(arr, d, n); rotate.printArray(arr, n); } } Output3 4 5 6 7 1 2 Comment More infoAdvertise with us Next Article Introduction to Java K kartik Follow Improve Article Tags : Java Java Programs Java-Arrays Java-Array-Programs Practice Tags : Java Similar Reads Java Tutorial Java is a high-level, object-oriented programming language used to build web apps, mobile applications, and enterprise software systems. 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