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Library Management System using Python

Last Updated : 15 Jul, 2025
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Library Management System is a project developed using Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in Python. The goal of this project is to simulate the operations of a real-world library, including adding books, registering users, borrowing and returning books, and searching for books by their title. This system will help manage library resources efficiently and is built around three main components: Books, Users, and the Library itself.

Features of the Library Management System

  • View all books: Display a list of all available books in the library.
  • Add new books: Allow adding new books to the library’s collection.
  • Search for books by title: Search for books based on their title.
  • Borrow a book: Users can borrow a book if it's available.
  • Return a book: Borrowed books can be returned to the library.
  • View borrowed books: Users can view all the books they have borrowed.
  • Add new users: New users can be registered in the system.

Let's start building the project:

Book Class

The Book class is responsible for storing and managing details about the books in the library. Each book has a unique identifier, a title, an author, and a quantity representing how many copies are available in the library.

Python 
class Book:
    def __init__(self, book_id, title, author, quantity):
        self.book_id = book_id
        self.title = title
        self.author = author
        self.quantity = quantity  # Available quantity of the book

    def display_book_info(self):
        """
        Display the book's details (ID, Title, Author, Quantity).
        """
        print(f"ID: {self.book_id}, Title: {self.title}, Author: {self.author}, Available Quantity: {self.quantity}")

    def check_availability(self):
        """
        Check if the book is available (quantity > 0).
        """
        return self.quantity > 0

    def update_quantity(self, quantity):
        """
        Update the quantity of the book (borrow or return).
        """
        self.quantity += quantity

Explanation:

  • display_book_info(): Displays the book's information, such as the title, author, and quantity.
  • check_availability(): Returns True if the book is available for borrowing (i.e., quantity is greater than 0), otherwise returns False.
  • update_quantity(quantity): Updates the available quantity of the book based on the action (borrowing or returning). A negative value decreases the quantity, while a positive value increases it.

User Class

The User class represents a person who borrows books from the library. It stores the user’s information, such as their ID, name, and the list of books they have borrowed. This class also contains methods for borrowing and returning books.

Python 
class User:
    def __init__(self, user_id, name):
        self.user_id = user_id
        self.name = name
        self.borrowed_books = []  # List to store borrowed books

    def borrow_book(self, book):
        """
        Borrow a book from the library if available.
        """
        if book.check_availability():
            self.borrowed_books.append(book)
            book.update_quantity(-1)  # Decrease the quantity of the borrowed book
            print(f"{self.name} has borrowed '{book.title}'")
        else:
            print(f"Sorry, '{book.title}' is not available for borrowing.")

    def return_book(self, book):
        """
        Return a borrowed book to the library.
        """
        if book in self.borrowed_books:
            self.borrowed_books.remove(book)
            book.update_quantity(1)  # Increase the quantity of the returned book
            print(f"{self.name} has returned '{book.title}'")
        else:
            print(f"{self.name} does not have '{book.title}' borrowed.")

    def view_borrowed_books(self):
        """
        View the list of borrowed books by the user.
        """
        if self.borrowed_books:
            print(f"{self.name}'s Borrowed Books:")
            for book in self.borrowed_books:
                print(f" - {book.title}")
        else:
            print(f"{self.name} has not borrowed any books.")

Explanation:

  • borrow_book(book): Allows a user to borrow a book, if it's available.
  • return_book(book): Allows a user to return a book they have borrowed.
  • view_borrowed_books(): Displays a list of all the books borrowed by the user.

Library Class

The Library class is the core of the system. It manages both the books and the users. This class is responsible for adding books to the library, registering new users, searching for books, and handling the borrowing and returning of books.

Java 
class Library:
    def __init__(self):
        self.books = []  # List to store all books in the library
        self.users = []  # List to store all users of the library

    def add_book(self, book):
        """
        Add a book to the library.
        """
        self.books.append(book)

    def register_user(self, user):
        """
        Register a new user in the library if the user ID doesn't already exist.
        """
        if any(curr_user.user_id == user.user_id for curr_user in self.users):
            print("User with the same ID already exists! Try another ID.")
            return
        self.users.append(user)
        print(f"New user {user.name} added successfully!")

    def search_book_by_title(self, title):
        """
        Search for books by title.
        """
        found_books = [book for book in self.books if title.lower() in book.title.lower()]
        return found_books

    def list_books(self):
        """
        List all books in the library.
        """
        if self.books:
            print("Books in the Library:")
            for book in self.books:
                book.display_book_info()
        else:
            print("No books available in the library.")

    def add_new_book(self):
        """
        Add a new book to the library with user input.
        """
        book_id = int(input("Enter book ID: "))
        if any(book.book_id == book_id for book in self.books):
            print("Book with the same ID already exists, please try another ID.")
            return

        title = input("Enter book title: ")
        author = input("Enter author name: ")
        quantity = int(input("Enter the quantity of books: "))
        
        new_book = Book(book_id, title, author, quantity)
        self.add_book(new_book)
        print("Book added successfully!")
        new_book.display_book_info()

Explanation:

  • add_book(book): Adds a book to the library’s collection.
  • register_user(user): Registers a new user to the system, ensuring that no duplicate user IDs exist.
  • search_book_by_title(title): Searches for books in the library by their title.
  • list_books(): Displays all books in the library.
  • add_new_book(): Allows adding a new book to the library by taking user input (book ID, title, author, quantity).

Main Function

The main function acts as the entry point of the program, where the library system is initialized, books and users are added, and a menu-driven interface allows interaction with the system.

Python 
def main():
    library = Library()

    # Adding some books to the library
    book1 = Book(1, "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone", "J.K. Rowling", 5)
    book2 = Book(2, "The Hobbit", "J.R.R. Tolkien", 3)
    book3 = Book(3, "1984", "George Orwell", 2)
    
    library.add_book(book1)
    library.add_book(book2)
    library.add_book(book3)

    # Registering users
    user1 = User(1, "Geek_1")
    user2 = User(2, "Geek_2")
    
    library.register_user(user1)
    library.register_user(user2)

    # Menu
    while True:
        print("\nWelcome to the Library Management System")
        print("1. View all books")
        print("2. Add books")
        print("3. Search for a book by title")
        print("4. Borrow a book")
        print("5. Return a book")
        print("6. View borrowed books")
        print("7. Add new User")
        print("8. Exit")

        choice = input("Enter your choice: ")

        if choice == '1':
            library.list_books()

        elif choice == '2':
            library.add_new_book()

        elif choice == '3':
            title = input("Enter the book title to search: ")
            found_books = library.search_book_by_title(title)
            if found_books:
                for book in found_books:
                    book.display_book_info()
            else:
                print(f"No books found with the title '{title}'.")

        elif choice == '4':
            user_id = int(input("Enter your user ID: "))
            book_id = int(input("Enter the book ID to borrow: "))
            user = next((u for u in library.users if u.user_id == user_id), None)
            book = next((b for b in library.books if b.book_id == book_id), None)
            if user and book:
                user.borrow_book(book)
            else:
                print("Invalid user or book ID.")

        elif choice == '5':
            user_id = int(input("Enter your user ID: "))
            book_id = int(input("Enter the book ID to return: "))
            user = next((u for u in library.users if u.user_id == user_id), None)
            book = next((b for b in library.books if b.book_id == book_id), None)
            if user and book:
                user.return_book(book)
            else:
                print("Invalid user or book ID.")

        elif choice == '6':
            user_id = int(input("Enter your user ID: "))
            user = next((u for u in library.users if u.user_id == user_id), None)
            if user:
                user.view_borrowed_books()
            else:
                print("Invalid user ID.")

        elif choice == '7':
            id = int(input("Enter user id: "))
            name = input("Enter user's name: ")
            user = User(id, name)
            library.register_user(user)

        elif choice == '8':
            print("Exiting the system. Goodbye!")
            break

        else:
            print("Invalid choice, please try again.")

Complete Code

Python 
class Book:
    def __init__(self, book_id, title, author, quantity):
        self.book_id = book_id
        self.title = title
        self.author = author
        self.quantity = quantity  # Available quantity of the book

    def display_book_info(self):
        print(f"ID: {self.book_id}, Title: {self.title}, Author: {self.author}, Available Quantity: {self.quantity}")
        
    def check_availability(self):
        return self.quantity > 0

    def update_quantity(self, quantity):
        self.quantity += quantity

class User:
    def __init__(self, user_id, name):
        self.user_id = user_id
        self.name = name
        self.borrowed_books = []  # List to store borrowed books

    def borrow_book(self, book):
        if book.check_availability():
            self.borrowed_books.append(book)
            book.update_quantity(-1)  # Decrease the quantity of the borrowed book
            print(f"{self.name} has borrowed '{book.title}'")
        else:
            print(f"Sorry, '{book.title}' is not available for borrowing.")

    def return_book(self, book):
        if book in self.borrowed_books:
            self.borrowed_books.remove(book)
            book.update_quantity(1)  # Increase the quantity of the returned book
            print(f"{self.name} has returned '{book.title}'")
        else:
            print(f"{self.name} does not have '{book.title}' borrowed.")

    def view_borrowed_books(self):
        if self.borrowed_books:
            print(f"{self.name}'s Borrowed Books:")
            for book in self.borrowed_books:
                print(f" - {book.title}")
        else:
            print(f"{self.name} has not borrowed any books.")

class Library:
    def __init__(self):
        self.books = []  # List to store all books in the library
        self.users = []  # List to store all users of the library

    def add_book(self, book):
        self.books.append(book)

    def register_user(self, user):
        if any(curr_user.user_id == user.user_id for curr_user in self.users):
            print("User with the same ID already exists! Try another ID.")
            return
        self.users.append(user)
        print(f"New user {user.name} added successfully!")

    def search_book_by_title(self, title):
        found_books = [book for book in self.books if title.lower() in book.title.lower()]
        return found_books

    def list_books(self):
        if self.books:
            print("Books in the Library:")
            for book in self.books:
                book.display_book_info()
        else:
            print("No books available in the library.")

    def add_new_book(self):
        book_id = int(input("Enter book ID: "))
        if any(book.book_id == book_id for book in self.books):
            print("Book with the same ID already exists, please try another ID.")
            return

        title = input("Enter book title: ")
        author = input("Enter author name: ")
        quantity = int(input("Enter the quantity of books: "))
        
        new_book = Book(book_id, title, author, quantity)
        self.add_book(new_book)
        print("Book added successfully!")
        new_book.display_book_info()

def main():
    library = Library()

    # Adding some books to the library
    book1 = Book(1, "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone", "J.K. Rowling", 5)
    book2 = Book(2, "The Hobbit", "J.R.R. Tolkien", 3)
    book3 = Book(3, "1984", "George Orwell", 2)
    
    library.add_book(book1)
    library.add_book(book2)
    library.add_book(book3)

    # Registering users
    user1 = User(1, "Geek_1")
    user2 = User(2, "Geek_2")
    
    library.register_user(user1)
    library.register_user(user2)

    # Menu
    while True:
        print("\nWelcome to the Library Management System")
        print("1. View all books")
        print("2. Add books")
        print("3. Search for a book by title")
        print("4. Borrow a book")
        print("5. Return a book")
        print("6. View borrowed books")
        print("7. Add new User")
        print("8. Exit")

        choice = input("Enter your choice: ")

        if choice == '1':
            library.list_books()

        elif choice == '2':
            library.add_new_book()

        elif choice == '3':
            title = input("Enter the book title to search: ")
            found_books = library.search_book_by_title(title)
            if found_books:
                for book in found_books:
                    book.display_book_info()
            else:
                print(f"No books found with the title '{title}'.")

        elif choice == '4':
            user_id = int(input("Enter your user ID: "))
            book_id = int(input("Enter the book ID to borrow: "))
            user = next((u for u in library.users if u.user_id == user_id), None)
            book = next((b for b in library.books if b.book_id == book_id), None)
            if user and book:
                user.borrow_book(book)
            else:
                print("Invalid user or book ID.")

        elif choice == '5':
            user_id = int(input("Enter your user ID: "))
            book_id = int(input("Enter the book ID to return: "))
            user = next((u for u in library.users if u.user_id == user_id), None)
            book = next((b for b in library.books if b.book_id == book_id), None)
            if user and book:
                user.return_book(book)
            else:
                print("Invalid user or book ID.")

        elif choice == '6':
            user_id = int(input("Enter your user ID: "))
            user = next((u for u in library.users if u.user_id == user_id), None)
            if user:
                user.view_borrowed_books()
            else:
                print("Invalid user ID.")

        elif choice == '7':
            id = int(input("Enter user id: "))
            name = input("Enter user's name: ")
            user = User(id, name)
            library.register_user(user)

        elif choice == '8':
            print("Exiting the system. Goodbye!")
            break

        else:
            print("Invalid choice, please try again.")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

Output:

Welcome to the Library Management System

1. View all books
2. Add books
3. Search for a book by title
4. Borrow a book
5. Return a book
6. View borrowed books
7. Add new User
8. Exit

Enter your choice: 7

Enter user id: 3

Enter user's name: Prajjwal

New User added Successfully !!


Welcome to the Library Management System

1. View all books
2. Add books
3. Search for a book by title
4. Borrow a book
5. Return a book
6. View borrowed books
7. Add new User
8. Exit

Enter your choice: 4

Enter your user ID: 1

Enter the book ID to borrow: 2

Geek_1 has borrowed 'The Hobbit'

Welcome to the Library Management System

1. View all books
2. Add books
3. Search for a book by title
4. Borrow a book
5. Return a book
6. View borrowed books
7. Add new User
8. Exit

Enter your choice: 1

Books in the Library:

ID: 1, Title: Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, Author: J.K. Rowling, Available Quantity: 5

ID: 2, Title: The Hobbit, Author: J.R.R. Tolkien, Available Quantity: 2

ID: 3, Title: 1984, Author: George Orwell, Available Quantity: 2

Welcome to the Library Management System

1. View all books
2. Add books
3. Search for a book by title
4. Borrow a book
5. Return a book
6. View borrowed books
7. Add new User
8. Exit

Enter your choice:


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