37 reviews
Before J. Edgar Hoover stopped fogging mirrors in 1972 you would not see a film that did not show the Federal Bureau Of Investigation as less than dedicated and perfect. Stripping the man's paranoia away from him, Hoover did bring a certain order and professionalism to the FBI and when they stuck to crime and criminals as opposed to just amassing files on the world they did a good job. Like any other law enforcement agency when one of their own is killed in the line of duty everything stops until the perpetrator is caught.
Down These Dark Streets is one of the few films you'll see where someone who is a detective will be shown having more than one case. Indeed that is the crux of this plot. Which one of three cases did agent Kenneth Tobey get killed over by a sniper's bullet?
His supervisor Broderick Crawford takes over and the three cases are a case of an organized car theft ring where young Gene Reynolds is about to take a fall in federal prison because he won't rat out the leaders. Maybe it's notorious fugitive Joe Bassett who is armed and dangerous and who already killed a gas station attendant who rather stupidly called the FBI before Bassett was clear from his station. Or there's Ruth Roman who is being extorted for an insurance settlement by a stranger threatening her child on the phone.
Crawford takes on all three cases and systematically solves them and eliminates a lot of suspects. He's as thorough a professional as all big screen FBI men were at the time.
Take note of Martha Hyer who plays Joe Bassett's kept moll. Martha was one of the most beautiful women ever to grace the screen and here she shows some real acting chops in her scenes with Crawford.
Down Three Dark Streets is a crisp and competent police drama with a great ensemble cast. Definitely a must for noir fans.
Down These Dark Streets is one of the few films you'll see where someone who is a detective will be shown having more than one case. Indeed that is the crux of this plot. Which one of three cases did agent Kenneth Tobey get killed over by a sniper's bullet?
His supervisor Broderick Crawford takes over and the three cases are a case of an organized car theft ring where young Gene Reynolds is about to take a fall in federal prison because he won't rat out the leaders. Maybe it's notorious fugitive Joe Bassett who is armed and dangerous and who already killed a gas station attendant who rather stupidly called the FBI before Bassett was clear from his station. Or there's Ruth Roman who is being extorted for an insurance settlement by a stranger threatening her child on the phone.
Crawford takes on all three cases and systematically solves them and eliminates a lot of suspects. He's as thorough a professional as all big screen FBI men were at the time.
Take note of Martha Hyer who plays Joe Bassett's kept moll. Martha was one of the most beautiful women ever to grace the screen and here she shows some real acting chops in her scenes with Crawford.
Down Three Dark Streets is a crisp and competent police drama with a great ensemble cast. Definitely a must for noir fans.
- bkoganbing
- Apr 24, 2015
- Permalink
When FBI Agent Zack Stewart is killed, Agent John Ripley takes over the three cases he was working on, hoping one will lead to his killer. The first involves gangster Joe Walpo and Ripley finds his hideout through Joe's girl friend, Connie Anderson. Joe is killed but it is established he was 400 miles away when Stewart was murdered. The next involves a car-theft gang which Ripley breaks up by using one of the gang, Vince Angelino and his wife Julie. The last case involves Kate Martell, the victim of an extortionist who threatens to kidnap her child unless she pays him $10,000.
This certainly is an interesting look at FBI cases and procedures, with them using bulky equipment to spy on neighbors, intercept phone calls and make identifications. But this was the 1950s, when such things were primitive and relatively innocent. (The FBI surveillance went too far in the 1960s and was shut down by the courts.) Very interesting film, well worth being better known. And the film quality seems to have held up very nicely over the years. The one on Netflix looks great.
This certainly is an interesting look at FBI cases and procedures, with them using bulky equipment to spy on neighbors, intercept phone calls and make identifications. But this was the 1950s, when such things were primitive and relatively innocent. (The FBI surveillance went too far in the 1960s and was shut down by the courts.) Very interesting film, well worth being better known. And the film quality seems to have held up very nicely over the years. The one on Netflix looks great.
DOWN THREE DARK STREETS, with its trio of cases for the FBI to solve, was the template eight years later for EXPERIMENT IN TERROR, reduced down to just the extortion plot. Broderick Crawford is "Agent John Ripley" in the first, Glenn Ford is named the same character in the second. STREETS uses the semi-documentary approach (heavy-handed voice-over narration) and is more of a whodunit, while EXPERIMENT is a real suspense-filled thriller with the villain identified much earlier. But even then, it is much more chilling. Ruth Roman is the fear-filled victim in the original, Lee Remick plays the spunky lady being extorted in the semi-remake. Good Los Angeles locales, especially the "Hollywood" sign usage in the first. But great San Francisco scenes in TERROR, particularly the Candlestick Park shootout following a Giants-Dodgers game. Both are recommended, with STREETS a competent mystery and EXPERIMENT a classic at the end of the Noir cycle.
Based on a novel by The Gordons called "Case File: F.B.I.", this is a semi-documentary style crime drama from Columbia starring BRODERICK CRAWFORD as a diligent F.B.I. agent John Ripley assigned to crack a few unsolved cases when a fellow agent on the job is killed in the line of duty.
RUTH ROMAN, MARISA PAVAN and MARTHA HYER are the three women connected to the cases, all of whom give good performances but Pavan is particularly touching as a blind woman.
The documentary style is nicely handled and there's a twist at the end that came as a real surprise to me.
Not great, but an interesting example of satisfactory film noir.
RUTH ROMAN, MARISA PAVAN and MARTHA HYER are the three women connected to the cases, all of whom give good performances but Pavan is particularly touching as a blind woman.
The documentary style is nicely handled and there's a twist at the end that came as a real surprise to me.
Not great, but an interesting example of satisfactory film noir.
- michaelRokeefe
- Sep 16, 2012
- Permalink
Moderately interesting programmer made at a time when police procedure was popular on both the big and little screens. The influence of TV's Dragnet is apparent in the stentorian voice-over and the rather feeble attempts at quirky citizen humor. An FBI agent is killed in the line of duty. His chief Broderick Crawford determines that the killer is tied into one of three cases he's investigating. But which one. The narrative follows his sorting through the cases, all the while both he and we wonder which one will lead to the culprit. It's a good premise, but director Laven does little to develop the potential.
Movie gains a lot from location photography in and around a burgeoning LA. The final scene makes effective use of that city's landmark "Hollywood" sign, the only film I know to do that. There's a fine performance from Ruth Roman as a beleaguered mother whose child is under threat of kidnap, along with an unusually restrained Crawford as the head agent, a role I suspect recommended him for for the lead in the following year's hit series Highway Patrol. Note the rather gratuitous cheesecake scenes from Roman and the bosomy Martha Hyer. After all, the movies had to do something to get people away from the novelty of their television sets. Nothing special here. Just an easy way to pass a spare 90 or so minutes.
Movie gains a lot from location photography in and around a burgeoning LA. The final scene makes effective use of that city's landmark "Hollywood" sign, the only film I know to do that. There's a fine performance from Ruth Roman as a beleaguered mother whose child is under threat of kidnap, along with an unusually restrained Crawford as the head agent, a role I suspect recommended him for for the lead in the following year's hit series Highway Patrol. Note the rather gratuitous cheesecake scenes from Roman and the bosomy Martha Hyer. After all, the movies had to do something to get people away from the novelty of their television sets. Nothing special here. Just an easy way to pass a spare 90 or so minutes.
- dougdoepke
- Jul 26, 2008
- Permalink
Down Three Dark Streets (1954)
An FBI man has been killed, and the suspects are related to the three cases the agent was working one when he died. So all three cases become priorities, thinking that by solving them all, the cop killer will come to light.
The title of the movie is a cue that this is in some ways a three part movie, with three basically distinct, if intertwined plots. But what holds it together is a single character, an FBI agent played by Broderick Crawford. And it's Crawford who holds it together beautifully. He plays his part with cool, somber, and weary reserve (and if you know Crawford in his more famous roles, such as "All the King's Men" or even more in "Born Yesterday").
Each of the three stories is layered up as you go, which makes it interestingly complex, and in each there is one leading woman connected to a suspect. Ruth Roman is the most powerful of these three, though the other two are bit weak. Luckily, the weakest of these, Ruth Hyer, loses relevance so that Roman and Marisa Pavan (playing a blind woman fairly well) carry their shares. And in a way you never quite notice the uneven acting because the events tumble one after another, through lots of changes of location, and from one plot to the next. It's filmed with economy but good drama. And the story, which might lose some viewers because of its complexity, also has the beauty of not being obvious, with lots of good dialog.
Why isn't it quite a classic? There's something awkward about the many parts that have to be connected, and an occasional odd aspect, like the unlikely ruse of a blanket carried as Roman's child into her car (it looks very much like a blanket). Still, there is a lot of suspense throughout, dark alleys, drives at night, phones that ring and aren't answered, all along waiting for something and not knowing what. An intense example is when Roman takes a senselessness lonely walk in a cemetery and a car pulls up.
"I'm waiting for a friend." "Maybe I'm that friend you're waiting for."
This is good movie-making, and it makes for a good movie. Then, to cap it off, it has what is maybe the best vintage use of the famous Hollywood letters on the hill overlooking movieland. Odd to say, but I think the movie is worth watching for that alone. This is exactly when the industry was falling apart (legally and literally), and the letters were no accident. There is also a nice use of that trope of money blowing away in the wind (made more archetypal in "The Killing" in 1958). The last line? "Sometimes you meet some nice people in this business." Perfect.
An FBI man has been killed, and the suspects are related to the three cases the agent was working one when he died. So all three cases become priorities, thinking that by solving them all, the cop killer will come to light.
The title of the movie is a cue that this is in some ways a three part movie, with three basically distinct, if intertwined plots. But what holds it together is a single character, an FBI agent played by Broderick Crawford. And it's Crawford who holds it together beautifully. He plays his part with cool, somber, and weary reserve (and if you know Crawford in his more famous roles, such as "All the King's Men" or even more in "Born Yesterday").
Each of the three stories is layered up as you go, which makes it interestingly complex, and in each there is one leading woman connected to a suspect. Ruth Roman is the most powerful of these three, though the other two are bit weak. Luckily, the weakest of these, Ruth Hyer, loses relevance so that Roman and Marisa Pavan (playing a blind woman fairly well) carry their shares. And in a way you never quite notice the uneven acting because the events tumble one after another, through lots of changes of location, and from one plot to the next. It's filmed with economy but good drama. And the story, which might lose some viewers because of its complexity, also has the beauty of not being obvious, with lots of good dialog.
Why isn't it quite a classic? There's something awkward about the many parts that have to be connected, and an occasional odd aspect, like the unlikely ruse of a blanket carried as Roman's child into her car (it looks very much like a blanket). Still, there is a lot of suspense throughout, dark alleys, drives at night, phones that ring and aren't answered, all along waiting for something and not knowing what. An intense example is when Roman takes a senselessness lonely walk in a cemetery and a car pulls up.
"I'm waiting for a friend." "Maybe I'm that friend you're waiting for."
This is good movie-making, and it makes for a good movie. Then, to cap it off, it has what is maybe the best vintage use of the famous Hollywood letters on the hill overlooking movieland. Odd to say, but I think the movie is worth watching for that alone. This is exactly when the industry was falling apart (legally and literally), and the letters were no accident. There is also a nice use of that trope of money blowing away in the wind (made more archetypal in "The Killing" in 1958). The last line? "Sometimes you meet some nice people in this business." Perfect.
- secondtake
- Jul 5, 2011
- Permalink
FBI agent John Ripley wants to solve the murder of his partner Zack Stewart. He's digging into three of Zack's cases and hopes to find his killer. Joe Walpo is a murderous fugitive on the run. Kate Martell is being threatened and extorted by a mystery man on the phone. The last case involves a car theft ring.
This is a precursor to the modern TV police procedural. It can be a bit dry and three stories may be one too many. Of the many character actors in this film, I like Claude Akins the most. I love his scar. There is a big time location for the climax. It's great to get so close to the sign. In the end, it's an effective police drama.
This is a precursor to the modern TV police procedural. It can be a bit dry and three stories may be one too many. Of the many character actors in this film, I like Claude Akins the most. I love his scar. There is a big time location for the climax. It's great to get so close to the sign. In the end, it's an effective police drama.
- SnoopyStyle
- Jun 25, 2022
- Permalink
I enjoyed this early 1950s crime/drama and appreciate the nice job TCM did in restoring the print. The transfer looked outstanding; sharp with excellent contrast. The movie features some fine photography and lighting.
This was one of those semi-documentaries popular among crime stories in the late '40s/early '50s. It usually plugged one of the U.S. law enforcement agencies. Here, it was the FBI and we followed a couple of agents as they tried to tie in several cases in the Los Angeles area. Sometimes these movies were labeled "crime dramas" and sometimes "film noirs." This movie contains a lot of both elements.
Along the way, we see a lot of familiar faces, especially if you grew up watching a lot of television in the '50s and '60s. You may not know all the names, but you'll know the faces.
Names you probably know, however, are Broderick Crawford, Ruth Roman and Martha Hyer. There are three of the half-dozen or so actor who all play a significant part of this story.
Crawford is an FBI agent and lower-key one than you might expect. He's not the gruff lawman of "Highway Patrol" or the loudmouth politician of "All The King's Men." Here, he's gentle with people all the while being an effective FBI guy.
Ruth Roman, as "Kate Martel." plays one of several key female roles, as either crime victim or gangster-girlfriend. Ruth plays a role similar to one Lee Remick played in about 10 years later in a film called "Experiment In Terror." Marilyn Monroe-wannabe Martha Hyer is a hoot as a sexy blonde playing a thug's girlfriend, or should I say "moll." She has some great lines, calling the cops "you dirty crumbs" and the like. Her character is pure film noir.
Marisa Pavan is interesting as the blind "Julie Angelino" and so is a young Claude Akins as a boxer-criminal. Jay Adler, Kenneth Tobey and others all have those familiar TV faces.
Movie buffs will get a kick out of the climactic scene, which takes place at the foot of the "Hollywood" sign on top of a hill. That nostalgia, along with the very cool automobiles of the period, make this a good trip down "memory lane."
Unfortunately, this is one of those classic movies that never made it to VHS or DVD. Hopefully, someone will put it in a DVD classics box-set some day. It's a good film and deserves a DVD of its own.
This was one of those semi-documentaries popular among crime stories in the late '40s/early '50s. It usually plugged one of the U.S. law enforcement agencies. Here, it was the FBI and we followed a couple of agents as they tried to tie in several cases in the Los Angeles area. Sometimes these movies were labeled "crime dramas" and sometimes "film noirs." This movie contains a lot of both elements.
Along the way, we see a lot of familiar faces, especially if you grew up watching a lot of television in the '50s and '60s. You may not know all the names, but you'll know the faces.
Names you probably know, however, are Broderick Crawford, Ruth Roman and Martha Hyer. There are three of the half-dozen or so actor who all play a significant part of this story.
Crawford is an FBI agent and lower-key one than you might expect. He's not the gruff lawman of "Highway Patrol" or the loudmouth politician of "All The King's Men." Here, he's gentle with people all the while being an effective FBI guy.
Ruth Roman, as "Kate Martel." plays one of several key female roles, as either crime victim or gangster-girlfriend. Ruth plays a role similar to one Lee Remick played in about 10 years later in a film called "Experiment In Terror." Marilyn Monroe-wannabe Martha Hyer is a hoot as a sexy blonde playing a thug's girlfriend, or should I say "moll." She has some great lines, calling the cops "you dirty crumbs" and the like. Her character is pure film noir.
Marisa Pavan is interesting as the blind "Julie Angelino" and so is a young Claude Akins as a boxer-criminal. Jay Adler, Kenneth Tobey and others all have those familiar TV faces.
Movie buffs will get a kick out of the climactic scene, which takes place at the foot of the "Hollywood" sign on top of a hill. That nostalgia, along with the very cool automobiles of the period, make this a good trip down "memory lane."
Unfortunately, this is one of those classic movies that never made it to VHS or DVD. Hopefully, someone will put it in a DVD classics box-set some day. It's a good film and deserves a DVD of its own.
- ccthemovieman-1
- Apr 27, 2009
- Permalink
Enjoyed viewing this black and white film from 1954 starring some great veteran female actors, namely: Martha Hyer, (Connie Anderson), who looked just like Marilyn Monroe and was being controlled by a mysterious man who keeps sending her all kinds of gifts, but she never goes out of her apartment. Connie is visited by FBI Agent John Ripley,(Broderick Crawford) and flirts with him like she has never seen a man before. Ruth Roman, (Kate Martell) is a fashion designer who is being threatened by a black mailer who wants ten-thousand dollars or he will kill her daughter. Julie Angelino, (Marisa Povan) is another woman whose husband was accused of a crime he did not commit and he refused to tell the police who really performed this crime and was sent to prison. Julie is also a target for this blackmailer and killer. Kenneth Tobey, (FBI Agent Zack Stewart was assigned to these three cases and was killed before he could solve this crime. Agent John Ripley was then assigned to these cases and has plenty of work ahead of him trying to gets leads from these three women. There are some great old time scenes of San Francisco and Los Angeles. Enjoyable old timer from 1954.
- MOscarbradley
- Jul 14, 2019
- Permalink
- mark.waltz
- Feb 27, 2019
- Permalink
An FBI agent is murdered and his partner takes over the three cases he was working on in order to find the killer.
Average crime film despite the best efforts of Broderick Crawford to bring it to life. The narration, whilst only occasional, might be irritating for some viewers.
Average crime film despite the best efforts of Broderick Crawford to bring it to life. The narration, whilst only occasional, might be irritating for some viewers.
- russjones-80887
- Apr 21, 2020
- Permalink
It starts as a police procedural, initially very voiceover-heavy with a dull drone of a voiceover lauding the FBI. Later though, its plot(s) become more convoluted and intertwined with noir undertones, plus moments of real tension and creepiness, occasional action, very sporadic wry humour, and tinged here and there with a mix of sentimentality and hard-nosed realism, all while putting on display the full gamut of society. The plot hinges on the link between one FBI agent and three different cases - which leads to a forest of suspects (and red herrings) for multiple crimes, with the added element of there possibly being something, or someone, connected tenuously to all three case files. Perhaps.
While a typical police procedural in many ways, one thing that is different here is that there are a surprising number of women-centric perspectives coming from the victims' sides of the equation, a deliberate commentary on the dangers that women more than most could be subject to. Still, true to form, here we have a quasi-femme fatale, there a mindless thug, here a weary but dutiful cop, and there occasional voiceovers about how the FBI puts every man on the bureau on these cases, along with documentary style shots illustrating the machination of investigations using fascinating 1950's tech.
The touches of noir come from the dread that some of the crimes evoke, the sense of mystery as to how all these grim crimes are connected (or not) with a feeling of dark forces at play, the desperation of some of the characters, their deceptions and their desperate moves to drag themselves out of their plight, as well as a few wonderful shots, and a memorable angst-ridden ending.
This is the kind of noir one hopes to come across now and again - pretty mundane but also with lots to savour. The crimes are petty, seedy and even grisly at times - and the revolving rogues' gallery of suspects holds one's attention throughout. Well-shot outdoor locations around LA bring another dimension to the movie as well.
It even seems to make a commentary about Hollywood itself: the FBI spins narratives to capture the pursued just as a Hollywood film does to captivate a film-goer. But behind the facade, the reality is in a sorrier state. This streak of cynicism and meta gives this film a bit of extra edge.
While a typical police procedural in many ways, one thing that is different here is that there are a surprising number of women-centric perspectives coming from the victims' sides of the equation, a deliberate commentary on the dangers that women more than most could be subject to. Still, true to form, here we have a quasi-femme fatale, there a mindless thug, here a weary but dutiful cop, and there occasional voiceovers about how the FBI puts every man on the bureau on these cases, along with documentary style shots illustrating the machination of investigations using fascinating 1950's tech.
The touches of noir come from the dread that some of the crimes evoke, the sense of mystery as to how all these grim crimes are connected (or not) with a feeling of dark forces at play, the desperation of some of the characters, their deceptions and their desperate moves to drag themselves out of their plight, as well as a few wonderful shots, and a memorable angst-ridden ending.
This is the kind of noir one hopes to come across now and again - pretty mundane but also with lots to savour. The crimes are petty, seedy and even grisly at times - and the revolving rogues' gallery of suspects holds one's attention throughout. Well-shot outdoor locations around LA bring another dimension to the movie as well.
It even seems to make a commentary about Hollywood itself: the FBI spins narratives to capture the pursued just as a Hollywood film does to captivate a film-goer. But behind the facade, the reality is in a sorrier state. This streak of cynicism and meta gives this film a bit of extra edge.
- declancooley
- Dec 2, 2022
- Permalink
This film is far from perfect, but it does have Broderick Crawford, and that is what makes it better than average. Crawford is perfectly capable of holding a film together by himself, and he does so in ths FBI yarn. One can see the formulation of the character he would become famous for playing in years to follow in the policeman for Highway Patrol. Check it out; there are some supremely creepy moments when the extortionist threatens an innocent child.
- arthur_tafero
- Nov 14, 2019
- Permalink
While there isn't a lot of spectacular action or twists in this film, it is rock solid throughout--sort of like an episode of "Dragnet" or "The FBI". A very good script and nice attention to law enforcement details make this one worth watching.
The film begins with two FBI agents on an assignment. One is unexpectedly murdered by someone hiding in the shadows. The surviving agent (Broderick Crawford) seems to think that someone on the other agents list of open cases has done the crime, so he looks into the three cases. And so, you see Crawford go from case to case--looking for clues and solving the cases while he's at it. It all leads to a dandy final set at the Hollywood sign.
As I said above, the show is big on realism and police procedures. I also appreciated how ordinary and ugly some of the cast were--like real life. Overall, it's a lot like a tidier version of film noir--with a strong infusion of realism and good acting.
By the way, if you do watch, look for the guy with his home-made 'spy detector'!
The film begins with two FBI agents on an assignment. One is unexpectedly murdered by someone hiding in the shadows. The surviving agent (Broderick Crawford) seems to think that someone on the other agents list of open cases has done the crime, so he looks into the three cases. And so, you see Crawford go from case to case--looking for clues and solving the cases while he's at it. It all leads to a dandy final set at the Hollywood sign.
As I said above, the show is big on realism and police procedures. I also appreciated how ordinary and ugly some of the cast were--like real life. Overall, it's a lot like a tidier version of film noir--with a strong infusion of realism and good acting.
By the way, if you do watch, look for the guy with his home-made 'spy detector'!
- planktonrules
- Dec 10, 2011
- Permalink
Good film , except I believe the star of the original Thing , got robbed of a meaty role , instead they killed him off in less then 15 minutes into the film, Kenneth Tobey the original smoker in every film he starred in , started in this film to have three cases , must have been short of feds for 1955. Instead gets blown away in an alley , the girl gets put in a trash can , makes you think who the killer is , but at the end of the film , seems all is fair except Kenneth's sons don't have a dad no more. A young Martha Hyer had a good part , you get to see her travelling in a old street car back in 55" all over Los Angeles and Glendale.
- mrmarckline
- May 29, 2021
- Permalink
- nickenchuggets
- Jul 2, 2022
- Permalink
A bit of a propaganda film 'bigging up' the FBI.
Touching on criminal profiling and forensics, it was a little like the birth of CSI and Criminal Minds.
Once an FBI agent is shot and killed, the three cases are gently woven together. We have burglary, bribery, a blind woman and plenty of damsels in distress.
Amusing to see the early technology with a video camera and sound equipment that needed a crane to lift it.
With three stories in one, this was a little like a buffet. Enjoyable, but left you wanting a little more of your favourite storyline.
- greenheart
- Nov 13, 2019
- Permalink
If it seems more like three undistinguished episodes of an undistinguished 50s TV series than a movie perhaps it's because the producers and director birthed an undistinguished 60s TV baby called "The Big Valley".
(1954) Down Three Dark Streets
CRIME DRAMA
Adapted from the novel "Case File: FBI" by "The Gordons" or Gordon Gordon and Mildred Gordon (who also credited for the screenplay). After an FBI agent Zack Stewart (Kenneth Tobey) gets shot and killed after attempting to solve three different cases, FBI Agent John 'Rip' Ripley played by Oscar winner, Broderick Crawford then gets assigned by his superior to take over. We find out that the murdered FBI agent also happens to be Ripley;s partner, who's investigation involves gangsters, extortion and car thieves. Far fetch plot topping it off with a satisfying conclusion.
Adapted from the novel "Case File: FBI" by "The Gordons" or Gordon Gordon and Mildred Gordon (who also credited for the screenplay). After an FBI agent Zack Stewart (Kenneth Tobey) gets shot and killed after attempting to solve three different cases, FBI Agent John 'Rip' Ripley played by Oscar winner, Broderick Crawford then gets assigned by his superior to take over. We find out that the murdered FBI agent also happens to be Ripley;s partner, who's investigation involves gangsters, extortion and car thieves. Far fetch plot topping it off with a satisfying conclusion.
- jordondave-28085
- Sep 19, 2023
- Permalink