Chaoui people
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Total population | |
---|---|
(4,500,000 - 7,000,000[original research?]) | |
Regions with significant populations | |
Algeria 4,500,000 - 7,000,000[original research?] Europe 304,000 - 400,000[1] |
|
Languages | |
Shawiya | |
Religion | |
Sunni Islam[1] | |
Related ethnic groups | |
Berbers, Maghrebis |
The Shawia people, or Chaouis (Algerian Arabic: شاويه, Shawiya: Išawiyen) are a Berber people who live mainly in the Aurès, Nememcha and Belezma regions located in and surrounded by the Aurès Mountains, a large part of eastern Algeria known in ancient times as Numidia. They call themselves Išawiyen/Icawiyen (pronounced [iʃawijən]) and speak the Shawiya language.
History
Historically, the Aurès Mountains served as a refuge for Berber peoples, forming a base of resistance against the Roman Empire, the Vandals, the Byzantine Empire and Arabs. Aurès was also a district of Algeria that existed during and after the Algerian War from 1954 to 1962. It was in this region that Berber freedom fighters started the war.
The patriarch of Berbers is believed to be Madghacen, common ancestor of the Zenata and of the Botri as well. Ibn Khaldun identified the Zenata as Berbers. Modern historians rank this Berber region within the group of Numidians and Gaetuli or the much more ancient such as Meshwesh, Maesulians and Mazaxes, from whom formed the Zenata, the main inhabitants of the Aurès in the Middle Ages. Chaoui clans known by Ibn Khaldoun were the Ifren, Maghrawa, Djerawa, Abdalwadides, Howara and Awarba.
Etymologically, the term Chaoui/Shawi derives from the word Ic "horn", allegedly a reference to the national god of the Numidians, Amun, who is depicted as a human head with the horns of a ram.
After the independence of Algeria, the Chaouis remained localized mainly in the Auresian region. They represent the first ethnic group in Algeria[citation needed] and second Berber-speaking group in terms of number of speakers, the first being the Kabyle.
Language
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The Shawiya language (Berber: Tachawit) is a Zenati variety of the Berber language. Shawiya is a closely related cluster of dialects spoken in the Aurès region (Berber: Awras) of eastern Algeria and surrounding areas including Batna, Khenchela, south Sétif, Oum El Bouaghi, Souk Ahras, Tébessa, and the north part of Biskra.
Recently the Shawiya language, together with the Kabyle language, has begun to achieve some cultural prominence due to the Berber cultural and political movements in Algeria.
Culture and art
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Chaoui music is a specific style of Northern Africa. The Shawia dance is called Rahaba; men and women dancing at weddings. There are many 20th century singers, such as Aïssa Djermouni, Ali Khencheli, Massinissa, Ishem Boumaraf, Djamel Sabri, Houria Aïchi, etc.
Chaoui painters and sculptors (of whom there are many) include Cherif Merzouki, Abdelkhader Houamel, Hassane Amraoui, Adel Abdessemed, and Mohamed Demagh.
The Fantasia (culture) is a traditional exhibition of horsemanship in the Aurès performed during cultural festivals.
References
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Bibliography
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Film
- Hakkar A., La maison jaune, 2008.
External links
- Media related to Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. at Wikimedia Commons
- Chawi people in 1952 on YouTube
- Pictures of Chaouis
- Videos in Chaoui
- chawinet.com (in French)
- http://www.truveo.com/khouya-ya-chaoui/id/2928217872
- Among the hill-folk of Algeria: journeys among the Shawía of the Aurès Mountains (1921) by Melville William Hilton-Simpson
- Pages with reference errors
- Articles that may contain original research from May 2015
- "Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation
- Articles using Template:Infobox ethnic group with deprecated parameters
- Pages with broken file links
- Articles containing non-English-language text
- Articles with unsourced statements from November 2015
- Chaoui people
- Berber peoples and tribes
- Berbers in Algeria
- Ethnic groups in Algeria
- Indigenous peoples of North Africa