Frankfurt (Main) Hauptbahnhof

For the station in Frankfurt (Oder), see Frankfurt (Oder) railway station.

Frankfurt (Main) Hauptbahnhof
Terminal station
File:Hauptbahnhof Frankfurt.jpg
Location	Frankfurt, Hesse Germany
Coordinates
Line(s)	Cologne–Frankfurt HSL Main-Weser Railway Kinzig Valley Railway Frankfurt–Hanau Taunus Railway Main Railway Main-Neckar Railway Underground: Main-Lahn Railway Homburg Railway
Platforms	24 mainline (26 tracks on one level) 4 S-Bahn (Tiefbahnhof) 4 U-Bahn (3 for passengers) 3 × 2 Tram
Construction
Architect	Hermann Eggert and Johann Wilhelm Schwedler
Architectural style	Renaissance revival (facade) Neoclassicism (extensions)
Other information
Station code	1866
DS100 code	FF
Category	1
Website	www.bahnhof.de
History
Opened	18 August 1888 (1888-08-18)
Traffic
Passengers	450,000 daily

Frankfurt (Main) Hauptbahnhof (German for Frankfurt (Main) main station), often abbreviated as Frankfurt (Main) Hbf and sometimes translated as Frankfurt central station, is the busiest railway station in Frankfurt, Germany. The name affix "Main" comes from the city's full name, Frankfurt am Main. In terms of railway traffic, Frankfurt (Main) Hauptbahnhof is the busiest railway station in Germany. With about 450,000 passengers per day the station is the most frequented railway station in Germany (together with Hamburg Hauptbahnhof) and one of the most frequented in Europe.

History

19th century

Main article: Frankfurt western stations

In the late 19th century, three stations connected Frankfurt to the west, north and south, the

• Taunus station for the Taunusbahn (opened 1839), connecting Frankfurt to Wiesbaden
• Main-Neckar-station for the Main-Neckar-Eisenbahn to Darmstadt, Heidelberg and Mannheim (1848))
• Main-Weser station for the Main-Weser-Bahn to Kassel (1852) and from 1860 on also used by the Frankfurt-Bad Homburger Eisenbahn.

Those three stations were placed beside each other on the then Gallustor (today: Willy-Brandt-Platz).

Building the new station

This situation was considered impracticable due to rising passenger figures in the 19th century, so plans were laid out as early as 1866. At first, a large scale station with up to 34 platforms was considered, then the number got reduced to 18. Post and baggage handlings had their own underground facilities, and the city council demanded the station to be moved further away from the city. In the end, in 1881, the German architect Hermann Eggert won the design contest for the station hall, his runner-up in the contest, Johann Wilhelm Schwedler was made chief engineer for the steel-related works. The new station was placed about 1 km to the west of the first three stations. The platforms were covered by three iron-and-glass halls.

The station opens

View through the platform hall of the station

The station was built by the contractor Philipp Holzmann with construction starting in 1883. The Central-Bahnhof Frankfurt was finally opened on 18 August 1888. Right on the evening of the opening day, a train ran over the buffer stop and the locomotive was damaged. Over the course of the next few years, the area eastward of the new station, the Bahnhofsviertel was built up, finishing around 1900. Until the completion of Leipzig Hauptbahnhof in 1915, Frankfurt station was the largest in Europe. As of today (2014), the 24 platforms with 26 tracks on one level make it probably the world's largest one-level railway hall.

Later extensions

The 1957 signal box

In 1924 two neoclassical halls were added on each side of the main hall, increasing the number of platforms to 24. During World War II, the building was partly damaged (most notably the windows in the halls covering the platforms). In 1956 the station was fully electrified. One year later, Europe's then-largest signal box was commissioned, which, having been built in a contemporary style of the time has now become a listed building.

Starting with the construction of the B-Tunnel for the Frankfurt U-Bahn facilities in 1971, a subterranean level was added in front of the main building, featuring the city's first public escalator and including a large shopping mall, one station each for the U-Bahn and S-Bahn trains, an air raid shelter and a public car park. The subterranean stations were opened in 1978 and were built in the cut and cover method, which involved the demolition of the second northern hall and rebuilding it after the stations were completed.

Between 2002 and 2006, the roof construction, which is a listed building, was renovated. This involved the exchange of aged steel girders, reinstallation of windows that were replaced by panels after World War II and a general clean-up of the hall construction.

The operational part of the station is being remodeled as well; the old signal box has been recently replaced with an electronic signal box. This was vital to improve capacity of the station. The new signal box became operational in late 2005 and will allow faster speeds into the station (up to 60 km/h) after the remodelling of the tracks.

Architecture

Façade

A detailed view of Frankfurt Am Main Hauptbahnhof's facade

The appearance of the station is divided into perron (track hall) and vestibule (reception hall). Dominant in those parts built in 1888 are Neo-Renaissance features, the outer two halls, added in 1924 follow the style of neoclassicism. The eastern façade of the vestibule features a large clock with two symbolic statues for day and night. Above the clock, the word Hauptbahnhof and the Deutsche Bahn logo are situated.

The roof of the front hall carries a monumental statue of Atlas supporting the World on his shoulder, in this case assisted by two allegorical figures representing Iron and Steam.

Operational usage

In brief
Total number of tracks:	120
Number of passenger tracks above ground:	26 (24 main line, 2 branch) 3 tramway stations (2 tracks each)
below ground:	4 S-Bahn tracks, 4 Stadtbahn tracks (3 in usage)
Daily trains: (excluding Stadtbahn & tramway)	342 long-distance 290 regional
Passengers (daily):	350,000

The station's terminal layout has posed some unique problems ever since the late 20th century, since all trains have to change directions and reverse out of the station to continue on to their destination. This causes long turn-around times and places the passengers in the opposite direction of where they had been sitting. There have been several attempts to change this. The last project, called Frankfurt 21, was to put the whole station underground, connect it with tunnels also to the east, and so avoid the disadvantages of the terminal layout. This would be financed by selling the air rights over the area now used for tracks as building ground for skyscraper, but this soon proved unrealistic, and the project was abandoned.

Frankfurt is the third-busiest railway station outside of Japan and the busiest in Germany.

Long distance services

As for long-distance traffic, the station profits greatly from its location in the heart of Europe; 13 of the 24 ICE lines call at the station, as well as 2 of the 3 ICE Sprinter lines. To ease the strain on the Hauptbahnhof, some ICE lines now call at Frankfurt Airport station and at Frankfurt (Main) Süd instead of Hauptbhanhof.

Preceding station		Deutsche Bahn		Following station
Mannheim Hbf towards Munich Hbf		ICE 11 reverses out		Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe towards Berlin Ost
Mannheim Hbf towards Interlaken Ost		ICE 12 reverses out
Frankfurt Flughafen towards Wiesbaden Hbf or Basel SBB		ICE 20 reverses out		Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe towards Kiel Hbf
Mannheim Hbf towards Basel SBB
Frankfurt Flughafen towards Stuttgart Hbf		ICE 22 reverses out		Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe towards Hamburg-Altona
Frankfurt Flughafen towards Kiel Hbf		ICE 31 reverses out		Würzburg Hbf towards Munich Hbf or Regensburg Hbf
				Mannheim Hbf towards Basel SBB
Frankfurt Flughafen towards Dortmund Hbf		ICE 41 reverses out		Aschaffenburg Hbf towards Munich Hbf
Frankfurt Flughafen towards Cologne Hbf		ICE 49		Terminus
Frankfurt Flughafen towards Wiesbaden Hbf		ICE 50 reverses out		Fulda towards Magdeburg Hbf or Dresden Hbf
Darmstadt Hbf towards Saarbrücken Hbf
Frankfurt Flughafen towards Amsterdam Centraal		ICE 78		Terminus
Frankfurt Flughafen towards Bruxelles-Midi		ICE 79
Mannheim Hbf towards Paris Est		ICE/TGV 82
Mannheim Hbf towards Marseille		ICE/TGV 84
Darmstadt Hbf towards Zurich Hbf		ICE 87
Frankfurt Flughafen towards Dortmund Hbf		ICE 91 reverses out		Würzburg Hbf towards Wien Hbf
Frankfurt Flughafen toward Budapest Keleti		Railjet		Terminus
Darmstadt Hbf towards Konstanz Hbf		IC 26 Stralsund-Karlsruhe reverses out		Friedberg towards Ostseebad Binz
Frankfurt Airport towards Hamburg-Altona/Kiel Hbf/Puttgarden		IC/EC 31 reverses out		Hanau Hbf towards Passau Hbf
Darmstadt Hbf towards Ostseebad Binz or Dresden Hbf		IC 50		Terminus
Darmstadt Hbf towards Salzburg Hbf		IC/EC 62

There are also long-distance night trains from Frankfurt, e.g. to Copenhagen, Berlin, Prague, Amsterdam, Zurich, Paris and Rome.

Local services

Main article: List of rail services of the Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund

Ebbelwei-Expreß

With regard to regional traffic, Frankfurt Hbf is the main hub in the RMV network, offering connections to Koblenz, Limburg, Kassel, Nidda, Stockheim, Siegen, Fulda, Gießen, Aschaffenburg, Würzburg, Mannheim, Heidelberg, Dieburg, Eberbach, Worms and Saarbrücken with fifteen regional lines calling at the main station.

Line	Route
RE 20	Frankfurt (Main) Hbf – Frankfurt-Höchst – Niedernhausen (Taunus) – Limburg (Lahn)
RE 30	Frankfurt (Main) Hbf – Friedberg (Hess) – Gießen – Marburg (Lahn) – Treysa – Wabern (Bz Kassel) – Kassel
RE 40	Frankfurt (Main) Hbf – Friedberg (Hess) – Gießen – Wetzlar – Dillenburg – Haiger – Siegen
RE 50	Frankfurt (Main) Hbf – Frankfurt South – Offenbach – Hanau – Fulda
RE 55	Frankfurt (Main) Hbf/Frankfurt Airport Regional station – Offenbach – Hanau – Aschaffenburg – Würzburg (– Nuremberg)
RE 60	Frankfurt (Main) Hbf – Darmstadt – Bensheim – Weinheim (Bergstr) – Mannheim
RE 64	Frankfurt (Main) Hbf – Offenbach – Hanau – Babenhausen – Groß-Umstadt Wiebelsbach (– Erbach (Odenw))
RE 70	Frankfurt (Main) Hbf – Groß Gerau-Dornberg – Riedstadt-Goddelau – Gernsheim – Biblis – Mannheim
RE 80	Frankfurt (Main) Hbf – Frankfurt Airport Regional station – Rüsselsheim – Mainz – Bingen – Koblenz/Bad Kreuznach – Saarbrücken
RB 55	Frankfurt (Main) Hbf – Frankfurt South – Frankfurt East – Maintal Ost – Hanau – Aschaffenburg
SE 10	Frankfurt (Main) Hbf – Frankfurt-Höchst – Wiesbaden – Rüdesheim (Rhein) – Koblenz – Neuwied
SE 12	Frankfurt (Main) Hbf – Frankfurt-Höchst – Kelkheim – Königstein (Taunus)
SE 15	Frankfurt (Main) Hbf – Bad Homburg – Friedrichsdorf – Wehrheim – Neu-Anspach – Usingen – Grävenwiesbach – Brandoberndorf
SE 20	Frankfurt (Main) Hbf – Frankfurt-Höchst – Niedernhausen (Taunus) – Limburg (Lahn)
SE 30	Frankfurt (Main) Hbf – Friedberg (Hess) – Butzbach – Gießen – Marburg (Lahn) – Cölbe – Kirchhain (Bz Kassel) – Stadtallendorf – Neustadt – Treysa
SE 32	Frankfurt (Main) Hbf – Friedberg (Hess) – Beienheim – Reichelsheim (Wetterau) – Nidda
SE 34	Frankfurt (Main) Hbf – Bad Vilbel – Niederdorfelden – Nidderau – Altenstadt (Hess) – Glauburg-Stockheim
SE 40	Frankfurt (Main) Hbf – Friedberg (Hess) – Butzbach – Gießen – Wetzlar – Herborn (Dillkr) – Dillenburg
SE 50	Frankfurt (Main) Hbf – Offenbach (Main) Hbf – Hanau – Langenselbold – Gelnhausen – Wächtersbach (– Bad Soden-Salmünster)
SE 60	Frankfurt (Main) Hbf – Darmstadt – Bensheim – Heppenheim (Bergstr) – Weinheim (Bergstr) – Heidelberg
SE 61	Frankfurt (Main) Hbf – Dreieich-Buchschlag – Rödermark-Ober Roden – Dieburg
SE 65	Frankfurt (Main) Hbf – Darmstadt Nord – Reinheim (Odenw) – Groß-Umstadt Wiebelsbach – Erbach (Odenw)

Main article: Frankfurt (Main) Hauptbahnhof underground

The subterranean S-Bahn station is the most important station in the S-Bahn Rhein-Main network, used by all Frankfurt S-Bahn lines, except line S 7, which terminates at the surface station.

Line	Route
S7	Frankfurt (Main) Hbf – Walldorf (Hess) – Mörfelden – Groß Gerau-Dornberg – Riedstadt-Goddelau

Preceding station		Rhine-Main S-Bahn		Following station
Niederrad toward Riedstadt-Goddelau		S7		Terminus

Other services

Tram connections are offered by TraffiQ, with tram lines 11 and 12 (station Hauptbahnhof/Münchener Straße), 16, 17, 20, 21 and the Ebbelwei-Expreß. The lines U4 and U5 call at the subterranean Stadtbahn stop.

Preceding station		Frankfurt U-Bahn		Following station
Festhalle/Messe toward Bockenheimer Warte		U4		Willy-Brandt-Platz toward Enkheim
Terminus		U5		Willy-Brandt-Platz toward Preungesheim

Sources

• Bundesbahndirektion Frankfurt am Main: Abfahrt 1888, Ankunft 1988: 100 Jahre Hauptbahnhof Frankfurt am Main, HESTRA-Verlag, Darmstadt 1988, ISBN 3-7771-0215-6
• Rödel, Volker. Der Hauptbahnhof zu Frankfurt am Main. Aufstieg, Fall und Wiedergeburt eines Großstadtbahnhofs = Arbeitshefte des Landesamtes für Denkmalpflege Hessen 8, Stuttgart 2006.
• Setzepfandt, Wolf-Christian. Architekturführer Frankfurt am Main. 3. Auflage. Dietrich Reimer Verlag, Berlin August 2002, ISBN 3-496-01236-6, S. 33.
• Schomann, Heinz. Der Frankfurter Hauptbahnhof. Ein Beitrag zur Architektur- und Eisenbahngeschichte der Gründerzeit, 1983, ISBN 3-421-02801-X

External links

• Panorama at the Central Station Frankfurt Hauptbahnhof
• Official Plan of the Frankfurt Hauptbahnhof