National University of Kharkiv

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University of Kharkiv
Vasyl Karazin Kharkiv National University
Харківський національний університет імені В. Н. Каразіна
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Latin: Universitas Charkoviensis
Motto Cognoscere, Docere, Erudire
Motto in English
 To learn, to educate, to enlighten
Type Public university
Established 1804
President Vil S. Bakirov
Academic staff
 1,300
Students 15,000
Postgraduates 500
Location
Kharkiv
,
Ukraine
Colors Blue and White         
Affiliations IAU, EUA
Website univer.kharkov.ua

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The University of Kharkiv (Ukrainian: Харківський університет) or officially the Vasyl Karazin Kharkiv National University (Ukrainian: Харківський національний університет імені В. Н. Каразіна) is one of the major universities in Ukraine, and earlier in the Russian Empire and Soviet Union. It was founded in 1804 through the efforts of Vasily Karazin becoming the second oldest university in modern-day Ukraine after the University of Lviv.

History

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Russian Empire

On 29 January [O.S. 17 January] 1805, the Decree on the Opening of the Imperial University in Kharkiv came into force. The university became the second university in the south of the Russian Empire. It was founded on the initiative of the local community with Vasyly Karazin at the fore, whose idea was supported by the nobility and the local authorities. Count Severin Pototski was appointed the first supervisor of the university, the first rector being the philologist Ivan Ryzhski.

In 1811, the Philotechnical Society was founded, while the Mathematical Society of Kharkiv, the Historical and Philological Society of Kharkiv, the Naturalists Society, Societies of Physics, Chemistry, Law, among others, were established in the second half of the 19th century. The first periodicals in Slobozhanshchyna appear in the university around this time, including "Kharkovski Ezhenedelnik" (1812), "Ukrainski Vestnik" (1816—1819), "Ukrainski Zhurnal" (1824—1825), etc.

In 1839, a veterinary school, which, in 1851, became an independent institute, was established within the university. By this time, the university campus also included laboratories, clinics, an astronomical observatory, a botanical garden and a library.

Previously, the university was autonomous with rectors being elected. However, from 1820 to 1850, all its activity was strictly controlled. Rectors were appointed by the Minister of Education, while scientific publications and academic processes were censored.

In 1863, under a new Statute[which?], the university became partly autonomous.

The university has been publishing "Scientific Notes" since 1874.

From the 19th century up to the early 20th century, the University of Kharkiv had 4 schools: School of Physics and Mathematics, School of History and Philology, School of Medicine, School of Law.

The university exerted great influence on school-life in Slobozhanshchyna in the first period of its existence, largely from 1805 to 1835.

USSR

From 1917 to 1920, there was a struggle between advocates of the Ukrainian statehood and Russian course. Some of the professors who opposed new political realities left the university. Most of the Ukrainian professors remained in Kharkiv. They continued working in the institutions founded by the Soviet government: the Academy of Theoretical Knowledge (1920—1921), Kharkiv Institute of Public Education (KhIPE, 1921—1930), Kharkiv Institute of National Economy, Institute of Physics and Chemistry, and Institute of Law. Kharkiv State University, consisting of 7 schools: School of Physics and Mathematics, School of Chemistry, School of Biology, School of Geology and Geography, School of Literature and Linguistics (with Department of Philosophy), and School of Economy (with Department of Economic Geography) was restored on their basis in 1932—1933.

In 1921, Kharkiv Medical Institute was founded based on the School of Medicine of the University of Kharkiv.

In 1936, the university was named after the late Russian writer Maxim Gorky (though he was not related to the university during his life). During the German-Soviet war, it was evacuated to the city of Kizilord in Kazakhstan, where it merged with the Kiev University[clarification needed] to form the United Ukrainian State University. In 1943/44, the university returned to Kharkiv (the first academic year after the liberation of the city on November 1, 1943). In 1951, 800 university students suffered from persecution after they refused to pass exams in Russian. Court trials were held behind closed doors.

In 1977, the following schools were operating within the University: School of Mechanics and Mathematics, School of Physics, School of Geology and Geography, School of Economy, School of History, School of Philology, School of Foreign Languages, School of General Sciences, School of Correspondence Learning, and Night School.

Independent Ukraine

On October 11, 1999, Leonid Kuchma, the President of Ukraine at that time issued a decree, in which he, "taking into consideration considerable contribution that Kharkiv State University made to training qualified specialists and to development of science" granted the status of a national university and named it after its founder – Vasyl Nazarovych Karazin.

In 2004, the University was given a twin building (the former Govorov Academy), located opposite Svobody square.

Campuses and buildings

  • Main building
  • Northern building
  • Central Scientific Library
  • Students’ Campus

Ranking

Under the Soviet Union, the University of Kharkiv was decorated the Order of the Red Banner of Labour, the Order of the October Revolution and the Order of Peoples' Friendship. According to the estimation of teaching quality, the university ranked seventh (Compass, in 2009) and fourth (Mirror Weekly, in 2007) in Ukraine. According to one of the world leading university rankings (Webometrics, in 2013), Kharkiv National University holds the fourth position among Ukrainian universities and the 1138th position in the world. In the field of management and economics the university took the eighth place, in the field of law - the ninth, in the field of engineering - the tenth, in information technology – the eighth place in Ukraine according to the rating of "Compass" in 2009. Kharkiv National University holds the second place in Ukraine in terms of volume of publications and citations in scientific database Scopus and the Hirsch index.

In 2014, according to University Ranking by Academic Performance (URAP),[1] it is the second best university in Ukraine and 1362nd university in the world.

Units

The University of Kharkiv main academic building
The northern academic building

Departments

Institute of High Technologies

  • Department of Physics and Technology
  • Department of Computer Science
  • Department of Energy Physics

Notable alumni and professors

Nobel prize winners

Others

See also

References

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External links

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